Ophthalmic Complications Associated With the Antidiabetic Drugs Semaglutide and Tirzepatide.

Importance: Nearly 2% of the US population received a prescription for semaglutide in 2023. There has been a recent concern that this drug and other similar medications may be associated with ophthalmic complications.

Objective: To report ophthalmic complications associated with the use of semaglutide or tirzepatide.

The patient and caregiver experience of CAR T-cell therapy: A qualitative analysis.

Background/purpose: Immunotherapies, such as CAR-T, have revolutionized cancer treatment for some cancers. However, these treatments often require active participation of a family member or friend to act as a caregiver at home for several weeks after infusion. Given the novelty of CAR-T, there is a need to better understand the experience of patients receiving these treatments and their caregivers.

Development and validation of an MMPI-3 Antagonism scale.

Antagonism is a personality domain located in most major trait models and is central to multiple personality disorders. This construct has been linked to many societally harmful externalizing behaviors (e.g.

Preventive clipping versus coiling in unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review to explore safety and efficacy.

Background: Surgical clipping and endovascular coiling are both effective in preventing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the choice between these interventions remains controversial, leading to treatment disparities across medical centers.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including relevant two-arm clinical trials up to September 2023, sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Our primary outcomes were complete occlusion rates during mid-term and long-term follow-ups.

Infection-Related Hospitalization and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: The immune response to infections may become dysregulated and promote myocardial damage contributing to heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between infection-related hospitalization (IRH) and HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods And Results: We studied 14 468 adults aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study who were HF free at visit 1 (1987-1989).

Differences in Combustible Cigarette Smoking-Related Biomarkers by Hormonal Contraceptive Use: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which contain synthetic forms of estrogen (i.e., ethinyl estradiol) and/or progesterone (i.

Sickle Cell Trait Does Not Cause "Sickle Cell Crisis" Leading to Exertion-Related Death: A Systematic Review.

Globally, an estimated 300 million individuals have sickle cell trait (SCT), the carrier state for sickle cell disease. While sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased morbidity and shortened lifespan, SCT has a lifespan comparable to that of the general population. However, "sickle cell crisis" has been used as a cause of death for decedents with SCT in reports of exertion-related death in athletes, military personnel, and individuals in police custody.

Microbiome characterization of two fresh pork cuts during production in a pork fabrication facility.

The goal of this study was to characterize the microbial profile of two different fresh pork cuts, bootjack (BJ) trim and tenderloin (TL), through a 16S rRNA sequencing workflow developed specifically for investigating low-biomass fresh meat within a commercial production schedule. Additionally, this study aimed to determine a baseline prevalence and enumeration profile across these two fresh pork cuts. Results showed that microbiome diversity was different between the BJ and TL, and also differed significantly by processing date.

Ventral Rectopexy: An International Expert Panel Consensus and Review of Contemporary Literature.

Background: Ventral rectopexy has become increasingly utilized in the surgical management of rectal prolapse. There is a need for a contemporary evaluation of the role of the procedure and description of its use in clinical practice.

Objective: To create an international consensus on ventral rectopexy.

Finding a "NEW VOICE to tell my story" through the Unmasking Brain Injury project: a mixed-method analysis of wellness after brain injury.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the narratives of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) who participated in the Unmasking Brain Injury project. Through this inquiry, the multifaceted nature of wellbeing after ABI was described in the narratives, which were characterized by identifying facilitators and barriers to overall wellness.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized for this study.

Genetic structure and diversity of based on a MLVA typing scheme.

Background: Several epidemiological studies have been carried out using Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) for typing. However, a global perspective on the implications of the genetic diversity of this pathogen is lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to determine and to analyze the genetic structure of based on the R1-R3 MLVA typing scheme and to characterize, analyze and compare MLVA types among countries where the information was publicly available.

[Addiction : what's new in 2024].

Addiction medicine is confronting challenges brought about by changes in our modern world, including shifts in the drug market and the increasing digitalization of our environments. This article highlights some of these challenges and explores potential strategies to address them. The field is also advancing through robust research momentum in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

Computational new approach methods guide focused testing and enhance understanding of chlorantraniliprole toxicity across species.

Diamide insecticides, specifically chlorantraniliprole (CHL), have been rising in popularity over the past decade, becoming one of the most widely used insecticide classes globally. These insecticides target the ryanodine receptor (RyR), primarily for control of lepidopteran agricultural pests. Field studies have revealed that some lepidopteran species have developed mutations where a methionine in a particular position (e.

Are medical school preclinical tests biased for sex and race? A differential item functioning analysis.

Background: A common practice in assessment development, fundamental for fairness and consequently the validity of test score interpretations and uses, is to ascertain whether test items function equally across test-taker groups. Accordingly, we conducted differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, a psychometric procedure for detecting potential item bias, for three preclinical medical school foundational courses based on students' sex and race.

Methods: The sample included 520, 519, and 344 medical students for anatomy, histology, and physiology, respectively, collected from 2018 to 2020.

Ongoing Symptoms and Concerns Experienced by Low-Risk Breast Cancer Survivors Following Active Treatment.

Introduction: Little is known about the symptom burden of breast cancer survivors with early-stage disease. Many studies have focused on symptoms of patients who are undergoing or recently completed systemic therapy. However, with the increased use of Oncotype DX, the proportion of early-stage hormone receptor-positive patients who undergo chemotherapy has declined, making existing studies of the symptom experience less useful for these patients.

A manifesto for a globally diverse, equitable, and inclusive open science.

The field of psychology has rapidly transformed its open science practices in recent years. Yet there has been limited progress in integrating principles of diversity, equity and inclusion. In this Perspective, we raise the spectre of Questionable Generalisability Practices and the issue of MASKing (Making Assumptions based on Skewed Knowledge), calling for more responsible practices in generalising study findings and co-authorship to promote global equity in knowledge production.

Temporary mechanical circulatory support utilization and outcomes in cardiogenic shock phenotypes: A comparative analysis of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction.

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. The two major CS etiologies include heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The utilization trends of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and their clinical outcomes are not well described.

Myosin Heavy Chain Myopathy and Immune-Mediated Muscular Disorders.

Several inflammatory myopathies have an infectious or immune-mediated basis in the horse. Myosin heavy chain myopathy is caused by a codominant missense variant in MYH1 and has 3 clinical presentations: immune-mediated myositis, calciphylaxis, and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in Quarter Horse-related breeds. An infarctive form of purpura hemorrhagica affects numerous breeds, presenting with focal firm, painful muscle swelling, and subsequent infarction of multiple tissues.

Clinical, Psychosocial, and Ethical Consideration in Assisted Reproductive Technology in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ Populations.

When evaluating reproductive care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer+ patients, there are multiple factors that must be addressed from a clinician, clinic, and social standpoint. Clinicians should be trained in culturally humble and trauma-informed care; clinics should have intake forms that identify sexual orientation, gender identity, and pronouns. The clinic environment should be inclusive, with all gender or single-stall bathrooms, and patient-facing educational materials that are representative of individuals with diverse partnerships, races, and ethnicities.

Updates in the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Surgical management of pancreas cancer is complex, including the timing of surgery, surgical approach, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative management, which are reviewed in detail in this manuscript. Ultimately, referral to a high-volume pancreatic surgeon or pancreatic surgery center is critical to ensuring appropriate short-term and long-term outcomes.

Risk Factors and Mechanisms for Diabetes in Pancreatitis.

Diabetes (DM) can occur as a complication of acute, acute recurrent, or chronic pancreatitis, affecting more than 30% of adults with chronic pancreatitis. Data on the pathophysiology and management are limited, especially in pediatric population. Proposed mechanisms include insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, decreased pancreatic polypeptide, and possible beta-cell autoimmunity (in a small subset).

Updates in the Management of Chronic Pancreatitis: Navigating Through Recent Advances.

This article provides an up-to-date review of the management of chronic pancreatitis, highlighting advancements in medical therapy, nutritional support, endoscopic and surgical approaches, and emerging treatments. Nutritional management accentuates addressing malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies. Advances in endoscopy and parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques have opened new avenues for improved patient outcomes, with total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation offering the only definitive solution for selected patients.