Using PDX animal models to identify and stratify adenoid cystic carcinoma patients presenting an enhanced response to HDAC inhibitors.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) patients face a highly infiltrative and metastatic disease characterized by poor survival rates and suboptimal response to available therapies. We have previously shown that sensitization of ACC tumors to chemotherapy using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy to manage tumor growth. Here, we used patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from ACC tumors to evaluate the effects of in vivo administration of the HDAC inhibitor Entinostat combined with Cisplatin over tumor growth.

Gingival recessions caused by Herpes Simplex Virus in a patient with COVID-19 infection.

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a very common infection often localized in the mucocutaneous junction of the lip. Rarely, it could be detected also in periodontal tissues, associated with an elevated risk of periodontal disease progression and gingival recessions. Recently, HSV-1 and numerous co-infections have been reported in literature associated with the Coronavirus and subsequent COVID-19 disease.

Proximal Femur Responses to Sequential Therapy With Abaloparatide Followed by Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by 3D Modeling of Hip Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA).

Previous subgroup analyses from the ACTIVE trial in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (NCT01343004) using three-dimensional (3D)-processing of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans indicated greater increases in total hip cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Ct.vBMD) and estimated indices of hip strength following 18 months of abaloparatide (ABL) versus placebo or teriparatide. The current post hoc analyses describe hip 3D-DXA data for ACTIVExtend (NCT01657162), in which 18 months of ABL followed by 24 months of alendronate (ABL/ALN) increased hip and spine areal BMD (aBMD) and reduced fracture risk versus placebo (PBO) followed by ALN (PBO/ALN).

Systemic therapies for salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slow growing, but relentless cancer. Due to its rarity and lack of understanding of its molecular etiology, no standard chemotherapy for ACC currently exists and many patients suffer from recurrent and/or metastatic disease. As such, development of safe and effective therapies is imperative.

Nerve density in cancer: Less is better.

The density of nerves in cancer is emerging as a relevant clinical parameter for patient survival. Nerves in the tumor microenvironment have been associated with poor survival and recurrence, particularly if involved in perineural invasion. However, usually only a few nerves inside a tumor are affected by perineural invasion, while most nerves are not.

Epigenetic modulation of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck cancer: Challenges and opportunities.

Head and neck cancer is globally challenging due to the resistance to therapy and aggressive behavior leading to high rates of mortality. Recent findings show that the tumor microenvironment plays a role in the maintenance and progression of many solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. The mechanisms involved in the modulation and regulation of the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood.

Worldwide prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway mutations in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mutations in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Overall, 105 studies comprising 8630 patients and 1306 mutations were selected. The estimated mutations prevalence was 13 % for PIK3CA (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 11-14; I = 82 %; p < 0.

BMP-Smad Signaling Regulates Postnatal Crown Dentinogenesis in Mouse Molar.

Dentinogenesis, a formation of dentin by odontoblasts, is an essential process during tooth development. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most crucial growth factors that contribute to dentin formation. However, it is still unclear how BMP signaling pathways regulate postnatal crown and root dentinogenesis.

Gingival cyst of the adult in a pediatric patient: Report of a case.

Although the gingival cyst of the adult is considered rare in children, it can occur. The GCA can cause necrosis of the alveolar bone if untreated and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of raised gingival lesions.

Fast and robust deconvolution of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte from expression profiles using least trimmed squares.

Gene-expression deconvolution is used to quantify different types of cells in a mixed population. It provides a highly promising solution to rapidly characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune landscape and identify cold cancers. However, a major challenge is that gene-expression data are frequently contaminated by many outliers that decrease the estimation accuracy.

Periodontitis and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

Periodontitis is common among dialysis patients. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore associations between periodontitis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hemodialysis patients Data from 188 dentate patients undergoing hemodialysis between May and July 2008 at a medical center in Kitakyushu city, Japan, were analyzed while applying modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology periodontitis case definitions to categorize the participants into the following three groups: severe, moderate, and no/mild periodontitis, respectively. HRQoL was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) where a higher score indicates better health status.

Metabolomics of Head and Neck Cancer: A Mini-Review.

Metabolomics is used in systems biology to enhance the understanding of complex disease processes, such as cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is an epithelial malignancy that arises in the upper aerodigestive tract and affects more than half a million people worldwide each year. Recently, significant effort has focused on integrating multiple "omics" technologies for oncological research.

Effect of sustained PDGF nonviral gene delivery on repair of tooth-supporting bone defects.

Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) promotes soft tissue and bone healing, and is Food and Drug Administration-approved for treatment of diabetic ulcers and periodontal defects. The short half-life of topical rhPDGF-BB protein application necessitates bolus, high-dose delivery. Gene therapy enables sustained local growth factor production.

The Perivascular Niche and Self-Renewal of Stem Cells.

Postnatal stem cells are typically found in niches that provide signaling cues to maintain their self-renewal and multipotency. While stem cell populations may serve distinct purposes within their tissue of origin, understanding the conserved biology of stem cells and their respective niches provides insights to the behavior of these cells during homeostasis and tissue repair. Here, we discuss perivascular niches of two distinct stem cell populations (i.

Control elements targeting Tgfb3 expression to the palatal epithelium are located intergenically and in introns of the upstream Ift43 gene.

Tgfb3 is strongly and specifically expressed in the epithelial tips of pre-fusion palatal shelves where it plays a critical non-redundant role in palatal fusion in both medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells and in a thin layer of flattened peridermal cells that covers the MEE. It is not known how Tgfb3 expression is regulated in these specific cell types. Using comparative genomics and transgenic reporter assays, we have identified cis-regulatory elements that could control Tgfb3 expression during palatogenesis.

Kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4): role in enamel formation and revelations from ablated mice.

Enamel development occurs in stages. During the secretory stage, a soft protein rich enamel layer is produced that expands to reach its final thickness. During the maturation stage, proteins are removed and the enamel matures into the hardest substance in the body.

Nisin, an apoptogenic bacteriocin and food preservative, attenuates HNSCC tumorigenesis via CHAC1.

Nisin, a bacteriocin and commonly used food preservative, may serve as a novel potential therapeutic for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as it induces preferential apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reduces cell proliferation in HNSCC cells, compared with primary keratinocytes. Nisin also reduces HNSCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, nisin exerts these effects on HNSCC, in part, through CHAC1, a proapoptotic cation transport regulator, and through a concomitant CHAC1-independent influx of extracellular calcium.

Diabetes, periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss: a review of the literature.

Diabetes mellitus, is a common chronic disease, and its prevalence in the United States, particularly type 2 diabetes, is increasing. Complications associated with diabetes impose a heavy burden on many people, especially among certain minority populations. Periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss also are common conditions in the United States, but their prevalence is generally decreasing.