Third Proceedings of The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC): Consensus Statement on Trial Design for Airway Stenosis.

Importance: Airway stenosis is a rare but debilitating disorder that significantly degrades the quality of life in affected patients. Treatments are primarily surgical, and disease management lacks established medical therapies. The North American Airway Collaborative held its third symposium at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 15, 2024, focused on strategies to advance the care of these patients.

Where do "chemical imbalance" beliefs come from? Evaluating the impact of different sources.

Introduction: Although the etiology of depression is incredibly complex, the narrative that it is caused by a simple "chemical imbalance" persists in lay settings. We sought to understand where people are exposed to this explanation (i.e.

Psychosocial moderators of the association between pain intensity and physical function in people with systemic sclerosis.

Background: Pain is a prevalent symptom of systemic sclerosis. While previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between higher pain intensity and lower physical function in individuals with systemic sclerosis, the potentially moderating effect of psychosocial factors on the association has yet to be explored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a fatigue self-management trial for adults with systemic sclerosis.

Long-Term Care Insurance and Health Inequality: Evidence From China.

This study examined the relationship between the Chinese Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) programme and health inequality among older adults in China and explored potential explanatory factors. Overall, the LTCI was found to improve the health of Chinese older adults. However, it was also associated with widening health inequality among older residents across income classes and between urban and rural areas.

South to south collaboration: advancing quality of abortion care through health care professionals exchange program.

Background: South-South Cooperation (SSC) is recognized as a vital component of goal 17 - 'Partnerships for the goals' within the SDGs and countries in the global south has been utilizing this cooperation mainly in research. We report the first health care professional exchange program through this south-to-south collaboration focusing on advancing quality of abortion care in the Sub-Saharan region.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive mixed method study, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, to assess the impact of health care professionals' exchange program within the obstetrics and gynecology departments of two teaching institutions in Ethiopia and Rwanda over the course of a year (February 1, 2023-January 31,2024).

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Effects of Heparan Sulfate Trisaccharide Containing Oleanolic Acid in Attenuating Hyperphosphorylated Tau-Induced Cell Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, marked by progressive brain degeneration and cognitive decline. A major pathological feature of AD is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which leads to neuronal death and neurodegeneration. P-tau also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates the unfolded protein response, causing inflammation and apoptosis.

The cost-effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 illness during the initial year of vaccination.

Background: Substantial investments by government programs and private health plans subsidized the costs of COVID-19 vaccine doses and vaccine administration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 illness during the initial year of COVID-19 vaccination (2021).

Methods: Using a simulation model, we projected outcomes for hypothetical cohorts of US adults aged 18 and older, stratified by age and risk status for complications, comparing vaccination and no vaccination in the context of recommended concomitant prevention strategies (e.

Authors' Reply: Commentary on "Protecting User Privacy and Rights in Academic Data-Sharing Partnerships: Principles From a Pilot Program at Crisis Text Line".

We appreciate Reierson's thoughtful commentary on our 2019 paper, which described our experiences, ethical process, judgment calls, and lessons from a 2016-2017 data-sharing pilot between Crisis Text Line and academic researchers. The commentary raises important questions about the ethical conduct of health research in the digital age, particularly regarding informed consent, potential conflicts of interest, and the protection of vulnerable populations. Our article focused specifically on the noncommercial use of Crisis Text Line data for research purposes, so we restrict our reply to points relevant to such usage.

Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To provide updated guidance regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) among patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]).

Methods: A multidisciplinary Expert Panel convened and updated the systematic review.

Results: Sixty-one studies form the evidence base.

Self-acupressure for patients with breast cancer experiencing aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms: Protocol for the AcuAIM randomized pilot trial.

Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) reduce hormone receptor-positive breast cancer recurrence risk by about 50%. However, half of AI-treated postmenopausal women report new or worsened musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS), and 20% discontinue therapy prematurely. Acupuncture is effective for reducing symptoms, but many women are not able to access acupuncture therapy.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Customizing CAT Stopping Rules for Clinical Settings: A Simulation Study Using the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery Negative Affect Subdomain.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial for informed medical decisions and evaluating treatments. However, they can be burdensome for patients and sometimes lack the reliability clinicians need for clear clinical interpretations.

Objective: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial for informed medical decisions and evaluating treatments.

Association between magnetic resonance imaging use and recovery time following concussion: a CARE consortium study.

Researchers may implement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate neurophysiological metrics (e.g. connectivity) in athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC).

Decay in Physiologic Knowledge since Medical School among Critical Care Fellows (DIP Study).

Rapid accumulation of knowledge and skills by trainees in the intensive care unit assumes prior mastery of clinically relevant core physiology concepts. However, for many fellows, their foundational physiology knowledge was acquired years earlier during their preclinical medical curricula and variably reinforced during the remainder of their undergraduate and graduate medical training. We sought to assess the retention of clinically relevant pulmonary physiology knowledge among pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) and critical care medicine (CCM) fellows.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Rheumatology.

Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) consist of a broad range of immune-mediated multisystem diseases. They are chronic, incurable illnesses that often present in early to mid-life and can be associated with a high symptom burden, disability, and early mortality. Treatment guidelines for similar chronic, life-limiting conditions with uncertain disease courses now recommend palliative care (PC) assessment at the time of diagnosis.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

The Impact of Hematologic Disorders on the Severity of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Comparative Study.

Hematologic diseases are considered important contributors to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) cases. This retrospective study aims to compare the difference of the clinical and radiological characters between CVST patients with and without hematologic diseases. Consecutive hospitalized CVST patients with hematologic disorders constituted the hematologic disorder group, while that without identifiable risk factors comprised the control group in this study.

Case report: Surgical closure of a facial defect in an African wild dog () utilizing a transpositional skin flap.

Veterinary intervention in zoological species can be complicated by species-specific social dynamics. African wild dogs are a pack species and removal or separation of an individual may disrupt established pack hierarchy resulting in conspecific aggression. Therefore, medical interventions that optimize a quick return to health are ideal to minimize the duration of absence from the pack.

Dementia incidence among a cohort of lebanese older adults: first incidence estimates from the Middle East and North Africa region.

Objective: To provide the first estimates of dementia incidence rates among elderly in Lebanon.

Methods: The cohort established in 2013 consisted of 470 elderly from Beirut and Mount Lebanon, who consented to be followed-up. In 2017, we reached 341 participants/informants, achieving a response rate of 72.

Performance of the 1 h oral glucose tolerance test in predicting type 2 diabetes and association with impaired β-cell function in Asians: a national prospective cohort study.

Background: Postprandial glucose concentration 1-h (1 h-PG) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has similar or superior performance to 2 h-PG in predicting type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in several populations, and is simpler to obtain in clinical practice. However, studies in Asians are scarce. We investigated the utility of elevated baseline 1 h-PG in predicting T2DM incidence within three years, and its relationship with β-cell function in 1250 non-diabetic Asian participants.

Initial clinical experience with [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: dosimetry, safety, and efficacy from the lead-in cohort of the SPLASH trial.

Introduction: SPLASH (NCT04647526) is a multicenter phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of [Lu]Lu-PNT2002 radioligand therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study leveraged a lead-in phase to assess tissue dosimetry and evaluate preliminary safety and efficacy, prior to expansion into a randomized phase. Here we report those results.