Healthcare avoidance and delay among trans adults: Associations with mental and behavioral health outcomes.

Introduction: Healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) is prevalent among transgender (trans) populations. This study sought to identify patterns of HAD and examine associations between HAD and 5 behavioral health outcomes among trans adults: depression, anxiety, tobacco and alcohol use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).

Methods: This study used survey data collected in 2023 from 789 trans adults in Washington state.

Modifiable risk factors for dementia in India: A cross-sectional study revisiting estimates and reassessing prevention potential and priorities.

Background: About 16% of worldwide dementia cases are in India. Evaluating the prospects for dementia prevention in India requires knowledge of context-specific risk factors, as relationships between risk factors and dementia observed in high-income countries (HICs) may not apply.

Methods: We computed population attributable fractions (PAFs) for dementia in India by estimating associations between risk factors and dementia, their prevalence and communality, within the same nationally representative sample of 4,096 Indians aged 60 and older, surveyed through the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD).

Diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the United States: A population-based study of longitudinal aging cohorts.

Objective: There is a need for comparable worldwide data on the impact of diabetes on mortality. This study assessed diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in five countries.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed adults aged 51 years or older followed between 2010 and 2020 from population-based cohorts in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the United States.

Exploring Pathways to Caregiver Health: The Roles of Caregiver Burden, Familism, and Ethnicity.

Objectives: This study examines the associations of ethnicity, caregiver burden, familism, and physical and mental health among Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs).

Methods: We recruited adults 65+ years with possible cognitive impairment (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score<26), and their caregivers living in Nueces County, Texas. We used weighted path analysis to test effects of ethnicity, familism, and caregiver burden on caregiver's mental and physical health.

Measuring Early Relational Health Using PediaTrac TM in a Diverse Sample of Infant-Caregiver Dyads.

Objective: Early relational health (ERH) is a key developmental predictor and outcome in infancy and early childhood that reflects social-emotional well-being and promotes resilience throughout childhood. Currently, there is no gold-standard developmental screening tool for ERH in pediatric care settings. This study examined the psychometric properties of items assessing ERH that are part of a web-based, caregiver-report screening tool called PediaTrac TM .

Cross-national comparisons of later-life cognitive function using data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP): Considerations and recommended best practices.

The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) is a major innovation that provides, for the first time, harmonized data for cross-national comparisons of later-life cognitive functions that are sensitive to linguistic, cultural, and educational differences across countries. However, cognitive function does not lend itself to direct comparison across diverse populations without careful consideration of the best practices for such comparisons. This perspective discusses theoretical and methodological considerations and offers a set of recommended best practices for conducting cross-national comparisons of risk factor associations using HCAP data.

A Community-Based Study of Dementia in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Individuals.

Background: Little information is available on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexican American persons.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in those 65 years and older among Mexican American and non-Hispanic white individuals in a community.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study in Nueces County, Texas, USA.

A Community-Based Study of Cognitive Impairment Caregiving Outcomes Pre- and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on informal caregiving was examined in a Mexican American (MA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) population-based cohort. 395 participants age 65 years were recruited via door-to-door and phone recruitment as part of the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi-Cognitive (BASIC-C) project. Both recipients and caregivers answered questions regarding the recipient's health and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Neuropsychological Assessment of Older Adults in Nepal for Population-Based Dementia Ascertainment: Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities.

The population of Nepal is rapidly aging, as in other low and middle-income countries, and the number of individuals living with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is expected to increase. However, information about the neuropsychological assessment of ADRD in Nepal is lacking. We first aimed to examine the needs, challenges, and opportunities associated with the neuropsychological assessment of older adults in Nepal for population-based ADRD ascertainment.

Using the multiphase optimization strategy to adapt cognitive processing therapy (CPT MOST): study protocol for a randomized controlled factorial experiment.

Background: Approximately ten percent of US military veterans suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a highly effective, evidence-based, first-line treatment for PTSD that has been widely adopted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). CPT consists of discrete therapeutic components delivered across 12 sessions, but most veterans (up to 70%) never reach completion, and those who discontinue therapy receive only four sessions on average.

Driving Skills at Licensure and Time to First Crash.

Background And Objectives: Young drivers are overrepresented in crashes, and newly licensed drivers are at high risk, particularly in the months immediately post-licensure. Using a virtual driving assessment (VDA) implemented in the licensing workflow in Ohio, this study examined how driving skills measured at the time of licensure contribute to crash risk post-licensure in newly licensed young drivers.

Methods: This study examined 16 914 young drivers (<25 years of age) in Ohio who completed the VDA at the time of licensure and their subsequent police-reported crash records.

Harmonisation of later-life cognitive function across national contexts: results from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocols.

Background: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) is an innovative instrument for cross-national comparisons of later-life cognitive function, yet its suitability across diverse populations is unknown. We aimed to harmonise general and domain-specific cognitive scores from HCAP studies across six countries, and evaluate reliability and criterion validity of the resulting harmonised scores.

Methods: We statistically harmonised general and domain-specific cognitive function scores across publicly available HCAP partner studies in China, England, India, Mexico, South Africa, and the USA conducted between October, 2015 and January, 2020.

Memory and language cognitive data harmonization across the United States and Mexico.

Introduction: We used cultural neuropsychology-informed procedures to derive and validate harmonized scores representing memory and language across population-based studies in the United States and Mexico.

Methods: Data were from the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HRS-HCAP) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) Ancillary Study on Cognitive Aging (Mex-Cog). We statistically co-calibrated memory and language domains and performed differential item functioning (DIF) analysis using a cultural neuropsychological approach.

Negative wealth shocks in later life and subsequent cognitive function in older adults in China, England, Mexico, and the USA, 2012-18: a population-based, cross-nationally harmonised, longitudinal study.

Background: Household wealth is positively related to cognitive health outcomes in later life. However, the association between negative wealth shocks and cognitive function in later life, and whether this association might differ across countries at different levels of economic development, is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether negative wealth shocks in later life are associated with cognitive function in older adults in China, England, Mexico, and the USA, and whether this association is modified by country income level.

How Blackouts during Heat Waves Amplify Mortality and Morbidity Risk.

The recent concurrence of electrical grid failure events in time with extreme temperatures is compounding the population health risks of extreme weather episodes. Here, we combine simulated heat exposure data during historical heat wave events in three large U.S.

A community-based study of reporting demographic and clinical information concordance between informants and cognitively impaired participants.

Background: Understanding concordance between informants' and cognitively impaired participants' information reporting is crucial for Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's-related dementia studies.

Methods: The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi-Cognitive is a community-based cohort study. Households in Nueces County, Texas, USA, were randomly identified.

Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?

Background: To assess whether age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse during adolescence.

Methods: Nationally representative samples of US 10th and 12th grade students (N = 150,395) from the Monitoring the Future study were surveyed via self-administered questionnaires from 16 annual surveys (2005-2020).

Results: An estimated 8.

The anchoring method: Estimation of interviewer effects in the absence of interpenetrated sample assignment.

Methodological studies of the effects that human interviewers have on the quality of survey data have long been limited by a critical assumption: that interviewers in a given survey are assigned random subsets of the larger overall sample (also known as interpenetrated assignment). Absent this type of study design, estimates of interviewer effects on survey measures of interest may reflect differences between interviewers in the characteristics of their assigned sample members, rather than recruitment or measurement effects specifically introduced by the interviewers. Previous attempts to approximate interpenetrated assignment have typically used regression models to condition on factors that might be related to interviewer assignment.

Caregiving in the COVID-19 pandemic: Family adaptations following an intensive care unit hospitalisation.

Aim And Objective: To identify how family caregivers adapt to the caregiving role following a relative's COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisation.

Background: Family caregiving is often associated with poor health amongst caregivers which may limit their capacity to effectively support patients. Though severe COVID-19 infection has necessitated increasing numbers of persons who require caregiver support, little is known about these caregivers, the persons they are caring for, or the strategies used to effectively adjust to the caregiving role.

Perceptions of societal ageism and declines in subjective memory during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from US adults aged ≥55 years.

The cognitive health of older adults since the COVID-19 pandemic onset is unclear, as is the potential impact of pandemic-associated societal ageism on perceived cognition. We investigated associations between perceptions of societal ageism and changes in subjective memory over a 10-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected longitudinal data from monthly online questionnaires in the nationwide COVID-19 Coping Study of US adults aged ≥55 from April 2020 to January 2021 (N = 4444).

Treatment preferences among adults with normal cognition and cognitive impairment.

Background: Although patient participation in treatment decisions is important for preference-concordant care delivery, it is largely unknown how cognitive impairment influences treatment preferences. We investigated whether treatment preferences for the care of serious illness differ between adults with and without cognitive impairment in hypothetical clinical scenarios.

Methods: Data from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study were used.

Snakebite victim profiles and treatment-seeking behaviors in two regions of Kenya: results from a health demographic surveillance system.

Introduction: Snakebites are a major cause of permanent injury and death among poor, rural populations in developing countries, including those in East Africa. This research characterizes snakebite incidence, risk factors, and subsequent health-seeking behaviors in two regions of Kenya using a mixed methods approach.

Methods: As a part of regular activities of a health demographic surveillance system, household-level survey on snakebite incidence was conducted in two areas of Kenya: Kwale along the Kenyan Coast and Mbita on Lake Victoria.

Mental health needs in a large urban school district: Findings from a web-based survey.

Objective: To explore the mental health needs of students, and the professional development and support needs of teachers and school health professionals, as a way to foster community engagement and help set priorities for a comprehensive school mental health system in the Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD).

Setting: The study team surveyed all DPSCD staff in June 2019 and all students in grades 8-12 between October and December 2019.

Study Design: A descriptive study based on anonymous, web-based surveys focused on student trauma exposure and mental health symptoms, student mental health resource utilization, staff burnout, and professional development needs.