ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Incidentally Detected Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodule.

Incidental pulmonary nodules are common. Although the majority are benign, most are indeterminate for malignancy when first encountered making their management challenging. CT remains the primary imaging modality to first characterize and follow-up incidental lung nodules.

Comparison of Outcomes at Midterm Follow-up of Operatively and Nonoperatively Treated Isolated Weber B Ankle Fractures.

Objectives: A novel protocol was previously presented for nonoperative management of Weber B (OTA/AO 44B) ankle fractures with criteria of medial clear space <7 mm on gravity stress (GS) radiographs and ipsilateral superior clear space and contralateral GS medial clear space within 2 mm. This study recruited an operative cohort for comparison of outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Cost-Effectiveness of Annual Prostate MRI and Potential MRI-Guided Biopsy After Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Results.

Importance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and potential MRI-guided biopsy enable enhanced identification of clinically significant prostate cancer. Despite proven efficacy, MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy remain costly, and there is limited evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of this approach in general and for different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) strata.

Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of integrating annual MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy as part of clinical decision-making for men after being screened for prostate cancer compared with standard biopsy.

Lenalidomide in the treatment of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy: A phase 1 study to identify the maximum tolerated dose.

Background: Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy is a debilitating demyelinating polyneuropathy with no approved therapies. Our primary objective was to ascertain lenalidomide safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in anti-MAG neuropathy.

Methods: This phase 1b, open-label, single-arm, dose-finding trial was conducted from 2019 through 2022.

Dendritic Cells: Multifunctional Roles in Host Defenses to Infections.

Fungal infections are an increasingly growing public health concern, and is one of the most problematic fungal organisms causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Clinically, this high incidence of cryptococcosis is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, especially those who lack an adaptive T cell response, such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, patients with other underlying immunodeficiencies are also at an increased risk for cryptococcosis.

What Bedside Skills Could the Modern Rheumatologist Possess? Part II. "Certain Technical Procedures".

Rheumatologists have never been reluctant to adopt procedures that might enhance their diagnostic or therapeutic powers. Their propensity to penetrate the joints of the patients they were treating set them apart from the general internist. Since the 1980s, when a chance to look inside the joints they were treating attracted a few rheumatologists, other things that could be done at the bedside emerged with now an array of bedside procedures that could be part of a rheumatologist's skill set.

Intraplacental Gestational Neoplasms: A Review of Clinically Relevant Diagnostically Challenging Lesions.

Context.—: Case studies reporting intraplacental choriocarcinoma (IPC) and intraplacental "chorangiocarcinoma" have recently increased, with IPC also represented in molecular analyses of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.

Objective.

Robust airway microbiome signatures in acute respiratory failure and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Respiratory microbial dysbiosis is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in critically ill patients. However, we lack reproducible respiratory microbiome signatures that can increase our understanding of these conditions and potential treatments. Here, we analyze 16S rRNA sequencing data from 2,177 respiratory samples collected from 1,029 critically ill patients (21.

Long-term impact of anatomic subtype in hypoplastic left heart syndrome after Fontan completion.

Background: Aortic atresia (AA)/mitral stenosis (MS) is a well-known risk factor for survival after Norwood; however, the effect of anatomical subtypes in those who survive surgical palliation is unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study of patients with classic hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent Fontan at our center between August 1989 and July 2017. Clinical outcomes, as well as ventricular and atrioventricular-valve (AVV) function, were determined for each patient, and the effects of HLHS subtype were estimated using multivariable statistical analyses.

Advances in the management of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury.

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Immunosuppression minimization is safe and associated with good long-term success in pediatric recipients of liver transplant.

Immunosuppression reduction after liver transplant is an important strategy to mitigate long-term medication side effects. We describe our center's experience with immunosuppression minimization to once-daily calcineurin inhibitor dosing. Success was defined as continuing daily calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy with normal transaminases and no rejection.

Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery.

Introduction: To examine risk factors for new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network multicenter, randomized trial of rate control versus rhythm control for POAF were included. Predictors of POAF were determined using multivariable logistic regression.

Venous Thromboembolism: Review of Clinical Challenges, Biology, Assessment, Treatment, and Modeling.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a massive clinical challenge, annually affecting millions of patients globally. VTE is a particularly consequential pathology, as incidence is correlated with extremely common risk factors, and a large cohort of patients experience recurrent VTE after initial intervention. Altered hemodynamics, hypercoagulability, and damaged vascular tissue cause deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, the two permutations of VTE.

Benefits of Prokinetics, Gastroparesis Diet, or Neuromodulators Alone or in Combination for Symptoms of Gastroparesis.

Background & Aims: Prokinetics have limited effectiveness for treating symptoms of gastroparesis. Thus, alternative or adjunct therapies, such as gastroparesis diets or neuromodulators, are often prescribed. Their therapeutic benefits alone or in combination remain unclear.

A rare entity: Ganglioneuroma of the prostate.

Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors arising from the neural crest. Histologically, they are composed of mature Schwann cells and ganglion cells admixed with fibrous tissue. While they frequently are seen in the abdomen and mediastinum, rare reports have highlighted their occurrences in the genitourinary system.

Demonstrating the Value of Ambulatory Care Nursing Through Measurement of Nurse-Sensitive Clinical Quality Indicators in the 2023 Magnet® Application Manual.

The ANCC Magnet Recognition Program's® mission and vision is to continually elevate patient care and transform healthcare globally through an environment where nurses and the interprofessional team flourish. Reflecting the larger shifts in the healthcare delivery system from inpatient to ambulatory care settings, the Commission on Magnet® continues to emphasize the contributions of nurses in ambulatory care settings in the 2023 Magnet Application Manual®. This Magnet® Perspectives column will discuss the valuable role of ambulatory care nurses across the continuum of care and review new requirements in the 2023 Magnet Application Manual for measurement of nurse-sensitive outcomes in the ambulatory care setting using nationally benchmarked measures.

Exploring the complex relationship between the lung microbiome and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Introduction: Understanding the presence and function of a diverse lung microbiome in acute lung infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is still limited, evidencing significant gaps in our knowledge.

Areas Covered: In this comprehensive narrative review, we aim to elucidate the contribution of the respiratory microbiome in the development of VAP by examining the current knowledge on the interactions among microorganisms. By exploring these intricate connections, we endeavor to enhance our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology and pave the way for novel ideas and interventions in studying the respiratory tract microbiome.

Semantic clustering on common list-learning tasks: a systematic review of the state of the literature and recommendations for future directions.

Introduction: On some list-learning tasks, such as the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) or Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), examinees have the opportunity to group words based on semantically related categories (i.e., semantic clustering).

Update: Lung-RADS 2022.

- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.