Abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Although intracranial aneurysms (IA) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) share similar risk factors, little is known about the relationship between them. Previous studies have shown an increased incidence of IA in patients with AAA, though the rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients with AAA has not been described.

Objective: To use claims data with longitudinal follow-up, to evaluate the incidence of aneurysmal SAH in patients diagnosed with AAA.

Vascular compromise in a torsed transposed ulnar nerve case in support of intravenous contrast administration.

Nerve torsion is a recognized etiology in brachial and peripheral neuropathy. Vascular compromise of peripheral nerves is uncommon given their unique vascular supply. Preoperative imaging diagnosis of nerve torsion and vascular compromise can be made in some cases, which impacts treatment.

Protocol Summary of the COPD Assessment in Primary Care To Identify Undiagnosed Respiratory Disease and Exacerbation Risk (CAPTURE) Validation in Primary Care Study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often remains undiagnosed and untreated. To date, COPD screening/case finding has not been designed to identify , disease ready for therapies beyond smoking cessation. Herein, we describe the ongoing prospective, pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess specificity and sensitivity of the OPD ssessment in rimary Care o Identify ndiagnosed espiratory Disease and xacerbation Risk (CAPTURE) tool consisting of 5 questions and peak expiratory flow.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Blunt Chest Trauma-Suspected Cardiac Injury.

Blunt cardiac injuries range from myocardial concussion (commotio cordis) leading to fatal ventricular arrhythmias to myocardial contusion, cardiac chamber rupture, septal rupture, pericardial rupture, and valvular injuries. Blunt injuries account for one-fourth of the traumatic deaths in the United States. Chest radiography, transthoracic echocardiography, CT chest with and without contrast, and CT angiography are usually appropriate as the initial examination in patients with suspected blunt cardiac injury who are both hemodynamically stable and unstable.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Nonspecific Chest Pain-Low Probability of Coronary Artery Disease.

Patients with acute nonspecific chest pain and low probability for coronary disease remain an important clinical management dilemma. We focus on evidence for imaging, in an integrated decision-making setting. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy alone in clinical T2 bladder cancer without hydronephrosis.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before radical cystectomy (RC) in a retrospective multicentre cohort of patients with cT2N0M0 bladder cancer (BCa) without preoperative hydronephrosis.

Patients And Methods: This was a propensity-based analysis of 619 patients. Of these, 316 were treated with NAC followed by RC and 303 with upfront RC.

Decision Making in Pediatric Plastic Surgery: Autonomy and Shared Approaches.

Background: Although shared decision-making is essential to patient-centered healthcare, its role in pediatric plastic surgery remains unclear. The objective of this study was to define the preferred level of involvement in surgical decision-making among children, caregivers, and surgeons.

Methods: The authors surveyed pediatric plastic surgery patients (n = 100) and their caregivers regarding their preferences on child involvement during surgical decision-making.

Optimizing Outcomes in Urological Surgery: Postoperative Care.

Introduction: Understanding best practices in perioperative care is critical for quality of care for our urology patients. We compiled a single, concise resource that provides recommendations for optimizing postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing urological surgery.

Methods: Optimal postoperative care includes minimizing complications, optimizing recovery and improving patient outcomes.

Exploring the factors motivating continued Lay First Responder participation in Uganda: a mixed-methods, 3-year follow-up.

Background: The WHO recommends training lay first responders (LFRs) as the first step towards establishing emergency medical services (EMS) in low-income and middle-income countries. Understanding social and financial benefits associated with responder involvement is essential for LFR programme continuity and may inform sustainable development.

Methods: A mixed-methods follow-up study was conducted in July 2019 with 239 motorcycle taxi drivers, including 115 (75%) of 154 initial participants in a Ugandan LFR course from July 2016, to evaluate LFR training on participants.

Cardiac Measurements of Size and Shape in Fetuses With Absent or Reversed End-Diastolic Velocity of the Umbilical Artery and Perinatal Survival and Severe Growth Restriction Before 34 Weeks' Gestation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the end-diastolic size and shape of the 4-chamber view as well as the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) in growth-restricted fetuses before 34 weeks' gestation with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity of the umbilical artery and compare the results between those with perinatal deaths and those who survived the neonatal period.

Methods: Forty-nine fetuses with growth restriction and absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity of the umbilical artery were studied. The size, shape, and sphericity index of the 4-chamber view, RV, and LV were assessed.

Gianturco Z-stent placement for the treatment of chronic central venous occlusive disease: implantation of 208 stents in 137 symptomatic patients.

Purpose: To report the technical successes, adverse events, and long-term stent patency rates of Gianturco Z-stents for management of chronic central venous occlusive disease.

Methods: Overall, 137 patients, with mean age 48.6±16.

Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators.

Supply shortages of N95 respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have motivated institutions to develop feasible and effective N95 respirator reuse strategies. In particular, heat decontamination is a treatment method that scales well and can be implemented in settings with variable or limited resources. Prior studies using multiple inactivation methods, however, have often focused on a single virus under narrowly defined conditions, making it difficult to develop guiding principles for inactivating emerging or difficult-to-culture viruses.

Preoperative Opioid Use and Mortality After Minor Outpatient Surgery.

This study evaluates the risk of preoperative opioid exposure on all-cause mortality after outpatient surgery.

Efficacy of axitinib in metastatic head and neck cancer with novel radiographic response criteria.

Background: There are limited treatment options for unresectable recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Vascular endothelial growth factor is of significant interest for targeted therapy in R/M HNSCC because of its central role in tumorigenesis and immunosuppression. Axitinib is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, as well as c-kit and offers such an approach.

Evaluation of International Contemporary Operative Outcomes and Management Trends Associated With Esophagectomy: A 4-Year Study of >6000 Patients Using ECCG Definitions and the Online Esodata Database.

Objective: This study aims to verify the utility of international online datasets to benchmark and monitor treatment and outcomes in major oncologic procedures.

Background: The Esophageal Complication Consensus Group (ECCG) has standardized the reporting of complications after esophagectomy within the web-based Esodata.org database.

Bile acid toxicity in Paneth cells contributes to gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat feeding.

High-fat feeding (HFF) leads to gut dysbiosis through unclear mechanisms. We hypothesize that bile acids secreted in response to high-fat diets (HFDs) may act on intestinal Paneth cells, leading to gut dysbiosis. We found that HFF resulted in widespread taxonomic shifts in the bacteria of the ileal mucosa, characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus and enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium XIVa, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, which were prevented by the bile acid binder cholestyramine.

Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target of sepsis.

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of calcium-dependent enzymes that are involved in a variety of human disorders, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Although targeting PAD4 has shown no benefit in sepsis, the role of PAD2 remains unknown. Here, we report that PAD2 is engaged in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury in both human patients and mice.

An Allosteric Modulator of RNA Binding Targeting the N-Terminal Domain of TDP-43 Yields Neuroprotective Properties.

In this study, we targeted the N-terminal domain (NTD) of transactive response (TAR) DNA binding protein (TDP-43), which is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. docking of 50K compounds to the NTD domain of TDP-43 identified a small molecule (nTRD22) that is bound to the N-terminal domain. Interestingly, nTRD22 caused allosteric modulation of the RNA binding domain (RRM) of TDP-43, resulting in decreased binding to RNA .

Dendritic cell-derived TGF-β mediates the induction of mucosal regulatory T-cell response to Helicobacter infection essential for maintenance of immune tolerance in mice.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection leads to regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction in infected mice, which contributes to H. pylori immune escape. However, the mechanisms responsible for H.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Slab Thickness: Impact on Reader Performance and Interpretation Time.

Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) helps reduce recall rates and improve cancer detection compared with two-dimensional (2D) mammography but has a longer interpretation time. Purpose To evaluate the effect of DBT slab thickness and overlap on reader performance and interpretation time in the absence of 1-mm slices. Materials and Methods In this retrospective HIPAA-compliant multireader study of DBT examinations performed between August 2013 and July 2017, four fellowship-trained breast imaging radiologists blinded to final histologic findings interpreted DBT examinations by using a standard protocol (10-mm slabs with 5-mm overlap, 1-mm slices, synthetic 2D mammogram) and an experimental protocol (6-mm slabs with 3-mm overlap, synthetic 2D mammogram) with a crossover design.

The Influence of Functional Shoulder Biomechanics as a Mediator of Patient-Reported Outcomes following Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Postmastectomy breast reconstruction techniques differentially influence patient-reported physical and psychosocial well-being. Objective measures of shoulder biomechanics, which are uniquely influenced by reconstruction technique, may provide insight into the influence of reconstruction technique on patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: Robot-assisted measures of shoulder strength and stiffness, and five validated patient-reported outcomes surveys were obtained from 46 women who had undergone mastectomy and a combined latissimus dorsi flap plus subpectoral implant, subpectoral implant, or DIEP flap breast reconstruction.

Contribution of Individual and Neighborhood Factors to Racial Disparities in Respiratory Outcomes.

Black adults have worse health outcomes compared with white adults in certain chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To determine to what degree disadvantage by individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to racial disparities in COPD outcomes. Individual and neighborhood-scale sociodemographic characteristics were determined in 2,649 current or former adult smokers with and without COPD at recruitment into SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study).

Serum citrullinated histone H3 concentrations differentiate patients with septic verses non-septic shock and correlate with disease severity.

Purpose: Microbial infection stimulates neutrophil/macrophage/monocyte extracellular trap formation, which leads to the release of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4. Understanding these molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of septic shock will be an important next step for developing novel diagnostic and treatment modalities. We sought to determine the expression of CitH3 in patients with septic shock, and to correlate CitH3 levels with PAD2/PAD4 and clinically relevant outcomes.