Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline.

Purpose: To provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2021 ASCO and Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver alterations.

Methods: ASCO updated recommendations on the basis of an ongoing systematic review of randomized control trials from 2020 to 2021.

Results: This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous update.

The efficacy of culture-guided versus empirical therapy with high-dose proton pump inhibitor as third-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A real-world clinical experience.

Background And Aim: Most consensuses recommend culture-guided therapy as third-line Helicobacter pylori treatment. This study aimed to investigate the efficacies of culture-guided therapy and empirical therapy with high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the H. pylori third-line treatment.

Sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle following peripheral nerve injury.

Sensory afferent fibers are an important component of motor nerves and compose the majority of axons in many nerves traditionally thought of as "pure" motor nerves. These sensory afferent fibers innervate special sensory end organs in muscle, including muscle spindles that respond to changes in muscle length and Golgi tendons that detect muscle tension. Both play a major role in proprioception, sensorimotor extremity control feedback, and force regulation.

Intravenous ondansetron reduced nausea but not pruritus following intrathecal morphine in children: Interim results of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-control trial.

Study Objective: This study's purpose was to determine if ondansetron can prevent pruritus after administration of intrathecal morphine in children, as has been demonstrated in adults.

Design: A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Operating room and first 24 h postoperative inpatient stay at an academic children's hospital.

Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker and Proton Pump Inhibitor-Based Regimens for First-Line Eradication: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Effective acid suppression is a crucial component of () eradication regimens. Approved treatments include dual, triple, and quadruple therapies composed of certain antibiotics in combination with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, provides more potent and durable acid suppression than PPIs.

A Conversation Between Past and Present Chairs of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Four Decades of History and the Future of Board Certification.

On the 75th anniversary of the founding of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11 of the surviving chairs of the board convened virtually to reflect on the past 40 years of major trends for the accrediting body of physiatrists. The field rapidly expanded in the 1980s, driven by changes in the reimbursement environment. This rapid expansion drove an improvement in the caliber of residents choosing the field and in the quality of training programs.

Exogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Risk: Contraception, Menopausal Hormone Therapy, and Breast Cancer Survivors.

The use of exogenous estrogen and progesterone/progestin medications spans the reproductive and postreproductive lives of millions of women providing control over pregnancy timing, management of premenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms, and prevention of disease, including endometrial and ovarian cancer. These same hormones can also increase the risk of breast cancer in some settings and their use in breast cancer survivors may increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Given both the benefits and risks of these exogenous hormones, a detailed understanding of the available scientific evidence is imperative to help counsel individuals in their use across various settings.

Pitfalls and Pearls of Imaging Non-traumatic Thoracic Aortic Disease.

Imaging of the thoracic aorta is a common request in both the acute and outpatient settings, playing a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning of aortic disease. The findings of aortic pathology may be obvious or occult on imaging. Recognizing subtle changes is essential and may lead to early detection and prevention of serious morbidity and mortality.

Delayed Diagnosis of Pancreatic Tail Cancer Presenting With Chronic Scrotal Pain.

In most cases, diagnosing pancreatic cancer (PC) in a timely manner is challenging owing to the lack of a specific set of symptoms, especially for cancer originating in the pancreatic tail. A patient presented to our hospital with the primary complaint of bilateral scrotal pain caused by metastatic pancreatic tail cancer. Although he had a family history of PC, there were no other risk factors.

Phase II trial of weekly erlotinib dosing to reduce duodenal polyp burden associated with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Importance: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at markedly increased risk for duodenal adenomas and cancer. Combination sulindac and erlotinib was previously shown to reduce duodenal polyp burden but was associated with a relatively high adverse event (AE) rate.

Objective: To evaluate if a once weekly dosing schedule for erlotinib intervention improves the AE profile, while still providing efficacy with respect to reduced polyp burden, in participants with FAP.

Impact of System and Diagnostic Errors on Medical Litigation Outcomes: Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models.

No prediction models using use conventional logistic models and machine learning exist for medical litigation outcomes involving medical doctors. Using a logistic model and three machine learning models, such as decision tree, random forest, and light-gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), we evaluated the prediction ability for litigation outcomes among medical litigation in Japan. The prediction model with LightGBM had a good predictive ability, with an area under the curve of 0.

Opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing after COVID-19 hospitalization.

Opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing after COVID-19 hospitalization is not well understood. We aimed to characterize opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing among naïve patients hospitalized for COVID and to identify the risk factors associated with a new prescription at discharge. In this retrospective study of patients across 39 Michigan hospitals from March to November 2020, we identified 857 opioid- and benzodiazepine-naïve patients admitted with COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation.

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Aortopathy: GenTAC Registry of Genetically Triggered Aortic Aneurysms and Related Conditions.

Background: The GenTAC (Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Cardiovascular Conditions) Registry enrolled patients with genetic aortopathies between 2007 and 2016.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare age distribution and probability of elective surgery for proximal aortic aneurysm, any dissection surgery, and cardiovascular mortality among aortopathy etiologies.

Methods: The GenTAC study had a retrospective/prospective design.

Managing Severe Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in COVID-19.

Purpose Of Review: Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening complication from severe COVID-19 infection resulting in severe hypoxic respiratory failure. Strategies at improving oxygenation have evolved over the course of the pandemic.

Recent Findings: Although non-invasive respiratory support reduces the need for intubation, a significant number of patients with COVID-19 progress to invasive mechanical ventilation.

Trans-Renal Cell-Free Tumor DNA for Urine-Based Liquid Biopsy of Cancer.

Cancer biomarkers are a promising tool for cancer detection, personalization of therapy, and monitoring of treatment response or recurrence. "Liquid biopsy" commonly refers to minimally invasive or non-invasive sampling of a bodily fluid (i.e.