Predicting circadian phase in community-dwelling later-life adults using actigraphy data.

The accurate estimation of circadian phase in the real-world has a variety of applications, including chronotherapeutic drug delivery, reduction of fatigue, and optimal jet lag or shift work scheduling. Recent work has developed and adapted algorithms to predict time-consuming and costly laboratory circadian phase measurements using mathematical models with actigraphy or other wearable data. Here, we validate and extend these results in a home-based cohort of later-life adults, ranging in age from 58 to 86 years.

Potential Harm in the Psychological Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals show disproportionately high rates of mental distress relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers resulting from minority stress, or unique identity-related stressors. The majority of research on minority stress and mental health in SGM individuals has focused on adults, a notable gap given that SGM youth face unique developmental factors that intersect with identity development and availability of support resources. SGM youth therefore represent a critical population for the mental health workforce to serve competently.

Cross-national statistical harmonization of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale among older adults in China, England, India, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States.

Objectives: We examined differential item functioning (DIF) of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) items by country and statistically harmonized common cross-national factor scores for the CES-D to aid further cross-national research.

Study Design And Setting: Data were from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) studies in China (N = 9639), England (N = 1262), India (N = 4048), Mexico (N = 1918), South Africa (N = 631), and the United States (N = 3321). Multiple indicators, multiple causes models were estimated to test DIF in the CES-D items by country.

Current state of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices: an Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative collaborative survey.

Purpose: Paediatric patients with heart failure requiring ventricular assist devices are at heightened risk of neurologic injury and psychosocial adjustment challenges, resulting in a need for neurodevelopmental and psychosocial support following device placement. Through a descriptive survey developed in collaboration by the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, the present study aimed to characterise current neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices.

Method: Members of both learning networks developed a 25-item electronic survey assessing neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices specific to paediatric ventricular assist device patients.

The real-world association between digital markers of circadian disruption and mental health risks.

While circadian disruption is recognized as a potential driver of depression, its real-world impact is poorly understood. A critical step to addressing this is the noninvasive collection of physiological time-series data outside laboratory settings in large populations. Digital tools offer promise in this endeavor.

Efficacy of orexin antagonists for the management of major depressive disorder: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Orexin receptor antagonists are a group of medications primarily developed to treat insomnia. Preliminary studies support their efficacy in the treatment of depression. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Empathic disequilibrium in schizophrenia: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Schizophrenia involves substantial social difficulties, yet their nature remains unclear. Although empathy has been considered a promising social cognition construct, inconsistent findings have undermined its usefulness as a stable index for schizophrenia. This may be because previous studies overlooked the interdependency between the emotional and cognitive components of empathy.

Preference for Long-Acting HIV Prevention Methods Among Transgender Women Vulnerable to HIV in Eastern and Southern United States: Findings from the LITE Study.

HIV incidence among transgender women remains high and disproportionately impacts young, Black, and Latina transgender women. Data on preferred PrEP modalities among this population are limited. Participants in The LITE Cohort completed a survey module on PrEP modality preferences during 24-month study visits.

When clinicians and patients disagree on vaccination: what primary care clinicians can learn from COVID-19-vaccine-hesitant patients about communication, trust, and relationships in healthcare.

Background: In the United States, discourse on COVID-19 vaccination has become polarized, and the positions of public health officials are met with skepticism by many vaccine-hesitant Americans. This polarization may impact future vaccination efforts as well as clinician-patient relationships.

Methods: We interviewed 77 vaccine-hesitant patients and 41 clinicians about COVID-19 vaccination communication in primary care as part of a Veterans Affairs (VA) trial evaluating a vaccine-communication intervention.

The mediating role of life course cognitive reserve-enhancing factors in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and dementia among older adults: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the United States.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and incident dementia, and examine the mediating effect of cognitive reserve-enhancing factors from life course perspective. Further, we verified the heterogeneities of associations of ACEs, enhancing factors, and dementia by dementia genetic risk.

Methods: Data was from the US Health and Retirement Study, involving 51,327 observations (50+) with a 10-year follow-up.

Religious and Spiritual Experiences, Discrimination, and Stress Among Midlife Women in the USA: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

The harmful effects of perceived discrimination for physical and mental health are well documented. Evidence identifies how dimensions of religious/spiritual (R/S) involvement may reduce these harmful effects. This study examined how R/S experiences are associated with the effects of discrimination on perceived stress.

Daily estradiol and progesterone levels moderate genetic and environmental influences on emotional eating across 45 consecutive days in female twins.

Background: Past studies indicate daily increases in estrogen across the menstrual cycle protect against binge-eating (BE) phenotypes (e.g. emotional eating), whereas increases in progesterone enhance risk.

Opportunities and challenges of single-cell and spatially resolved genomics methods for neuroscience discovery.

Over the past decade, single-cell genomics technologies have allowed scalable profiling of cell-type-specific features, which has substantially increased our ability to study cellular diversity and transcriptional programs in heterogeneous tissues. Yet our understanding of mechanisms of gene regulation or the rules that govern interactions between cell types is still limited. The advent of new computational pipelines and technologies, such as single-cell epigenomics and spatially resolved transcriptomics, has created opportunities to explore two new axes of biological variation: cell-intrinsic regulation of cell states and expression programs and interactions between cells.

Perceptions and Needs for a Technology-Based Dyadic Intervention on Symptom Management Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their caregivers often experience multiple co-occurring symptoms (eg, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance). There is a noticeable gap in research regarding symptom management for patient-caregiver dyads, particularly using technology-based tools.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the needs and perceptions of patient-caregiver dyads regarding a technology-based tool to manage their multiple symptoms.