From node to network: weaving a global perspective on efficacy and costs of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies, ranging from mild measures to total isolation, were implemented worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt a systematic approach to guide policymakers in deploying NPI policies to mitigate the pandemic's effects while balancing their social and economic impacts. Our results show that each NPI has an optimal duration, beyond which its effectiveness plateaus.

Caring for the mental health of Afghan refugee youth through a decolonial paradigm: A qualitative analysis of distress, coping mechanisms, and priorities for treatment.

Despite the compounded adversities that displaced youth must navigate throughout their forced migration, they consistently exhibit steadfastness in caring for themselves and their families. Extant scholarship, however, often frames these individuals as needy and inept at informing the models of mental health care they are offered. In this study, we use semistructured interviews to learn from the experiences of Afghan refugee youth (N = 34; M age = 19; range 18-24) who were resettled in the United States after the United States withdrawal from Afghanistan in August of 2021 and explore their insights that can inform decolonial and equitable mental health services.

MEVDT: Multi-modal event-based vehicle detection and tracking dataset.

In this data article, we introduce the Multi-Modal Event-based Vehicle Detection and Tracking (MEVDT) dataset. This dataset provides a synchronized stream of event data and grayscale images of traffic scenes, captured using the Dynamic and Active-Pixel Vision Sensor (DAVIS) 240c hybrid event-based camera. MEVDT comprises 63 multi-modal sequences with approximately 13k images, 5M events, 10k object labels, and 85 unique object tracking trajectories.

π-π stacking interactions in tryptophan-lumiflavin-tyrosine: a structural model for riboflavin insertion into riboflavin-binding protein.

Context: Riboflavin (RF), also known as B2 vitamin, is the precursor to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), two co-enzymes involved in many electron transport processes. Interactions of the isoalloxazine ring, common to all three compounds, are of great interest due to their biological function in flavoproteins and relevance in the transport by the carrier protein leading to development of drug delivery strategies and non-invasive diagnostics techniques. Based on protein crystallographic data, a computational investigation of the interactions in the complexes between lumiflavin, a model compound, and aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan, was pursued with the goal of characterizing noncovalent interactions.

Relaxation Behavior of Cerclage Cables and Its Effect on Bone Clamping Force.

Cerclage is an orthopedic surgical fixation technique using a cable wrapped, tensioned, and secured around a bone's circumference. It is important to minimize the loss in cable tension that often occurs due to stress relaxation. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of tensioning protocols on the long-term loss of tension due to stress relaxation.

Seizing the Teachable Moment: A Pilot Study of Preventive Lifestyle Education in the Emergency Department.

Background Preventive measures are critical in avoiding and limiting the severity of diseases. Key lifestyle behaviors include sleep hygiene, habitual exercise, a healthy diet, and avoidance of risky substances, particularly the use of tobacco. The transtheoretical model (TTM) of change suggests that patients can move towards healthful changes through education.

Acidic pH of Early Endosomes Governs SARS-CoV-2 Transport in Host Cells.

Endocytosis is a prominent mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Upon internalization into early endosomes (EEs), the virus is transported to late endosomes (LEs), where acidic conditions facilitate spike protein processing and viral genome release. Dynein and kinesin motors drive EE transport along microtubules; dynein moves EEs to the perinuclear region, while kinesins direct them towards the plasma membrane, creating a tug-of-war over the direction of transport.

Low Melting Temperature Gallium-Indium Liquid Metal Anode for Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries.

Solid-state Li-ion batteries are attracting attention for their enhanced safety features, higher energy density, and broader operational temperature range compared to systems based on liquid electrolytes. However, current solid-state Li-ion batteries face performance challenges, such as suboptimal cycling and poor rate capabilities, often due to inadequate interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and electrodes. To address this issue, we incorporated a gallium-indium (Ga-In) liquid metal as the anode in a solid-state Li-ion battery setup, employing LiPSCl as the solid electrolyte.

Experts of their own experience: adolescent and young adult cancer patients' advice-giving as a coping mechanism.

Background: To better understand informal coping strategies among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, the current investigation asked AYA study participants to describe the 'advice' they would offer to hypothetical peers about coping following diagnosis. This study explores the utility of the single item 'advice' prompt for supportive oncology research and practice.

Methods: AYA cancer patients (n = 27) aged 12-25 years were recruited through electronic health record query at a single-institution health system.

Does road environment aesthetics influence risky driving behavior of autonomous vehicles? An evaluation on road readiness using explainable machine learning and random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity.

Aesthetics has always been an advanced requirement in road environment design, because it can provide a pleasant driving experience and guide better driving behavior for human drivers. However, it remains unknown whether aesthetics-based road environment design also has an impact on autonomous vehicles (AVs), resulting in that current evaluation models on road readiness for AVs (RRAV) do not consider road environment aesthetics. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between road environment aesthetics and risky driving behavior of AVs (RDBAV) and propose an RRAV evaluation model from the new perspective of road environment aesthetics.

Critical perspectives on advancing antibiotic resistant gene (ARG) detection technologies in aquatic ecosystems.

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems poses a serious risk to environmental and public health, making advanced detection and monitoring methods essential. This review provides a fresh perspective and a critical evaluation of recent advances in detecting and monitoring ARGs in aquatic environments. It highlights the latest innovations in molecular, bioinformatic, and environmental techniques.

Morphological and Optical Profiling of Melanocytes and SK-MEL-28 Melanoma Cells Via Digital Holographic Microscopy and Quantitative Phase Imaging.

Melanoma, which originates from pigment-producing melanocytes, is an aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Despite extensive research, its mechanisms of progression and metastasis remain unclear. This study uses quantitative phase imaging via digital holographic microscopy, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to identify the morphological, optical, and behavioral differences between normal melanocytes and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells.

Using Deep Learning Neural Networks to Improve Dementia Detection: Automating Coding of the Clock-Drawing Test.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a growing public health concern. The clock-drawing test (CDT), where subjects draw a clock, typically with hands showing 11:10, has been widely used for ADRD-screening. A limitation of including CDT in large-scale studies is that the CDT requires manual coding, which could result in biases if coders interpret and implement coding rules differently.

Effects of Genipin Crosslinking of Porcine Perilimbal Sclera on Mechanical Properties and Intraocular Pressure.

The mechanical properties of sclera play an important role in ocular functions, protection, and disease. Modulating the sclera's properties by exogenous crosslinking offers a way to expand the tissue's range of properties for study of the possible influences on the eye's behavior and diseases such as glaucoma and myopia. The focus of this work was to evaluate the effects of genipin crosslinking targeting the porcine perilimbal sclera (PLS) since the stiffness of this tissue was previously found in a number of studies to influence the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP).

SWiLoc: Fusing Smartphone Sensors and WiFi CSI for Accurate Indoor Localization.

Dead reckoning is a promising yet often overlooked smartphone-based indoor localization technology that relies on phone-mounted sensors for counting steps and estimating walking directions, without the need for extensive sensor or landmark deployment. However, misalignment between the phone's direction and the user's actual movement direction can lead to unreliable direction estimates and inaccurate location tracking. To address this issue, this paper introduces SWiLoc (martphone and Fi-based alization), an enhanced direction correction system that integrates passive WiFi sensing with smartphone-based sensing to form Correction Zones.

Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency impairs Purkinje cell development and survival in a mouse model of infantile hypophosphatasia.

Loss-of-function mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene can result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inherited multi-systemic metabolic disorder that is well-known for skeletal and dental hypomineralization. However, emerging evidence shows that both adult and pediatric patients with HPP suffer from cognitive deficits, higher measures of depression and anxiety, and impaired sensorimotor skills. The cerebellum plays an important role in sensorimotor coordination, cognition, and emotion.

Do Experienced Adolescent Competition Dancers Alter Landing Kinematics and Kinetics for Split Leaps or Center Leaps After Fatigue?

Most injuries that dancers sustain are to the lower extremities, specifically the foot and ankle region. Numerous potential risk factors have been examined for dancer injuries such as technical mistakes and fatigue. The purpose of this study was to compare landing kinematics and kinetics during jumps that are common in dance pre and postfatigue.

Leveraging Perspective Transformation for Enhanced Pothole Detection in Autonomous Vehicles.

Road conditions, often degraded by insufficient maintenance or adverse weather, significantly contribute to accidents, exacerbated by the limited human reaction time to sudden hazards like potholes. Early detection of distant potholes is crucial for timely corrective actions, such as reducing speed or avoiding obstacles, to mitigate vehicle damage and accidents. This paper introduces a novel approach that utilizes perspective transformation to enhance pothole detection at different distances, focusing particularly on distant potholes.

The extent and burden of high multimorbidity on older adults in the US: a descriptive analysis of Medicare beneficiaries.

Background: The impact of multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic diseases) on the well-being of older adults is substantial but variable. The burden of multimorbidity varies by the number and kinds of conditions, and timing of onset. The impact varies by age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health indicators.

Mechanomemory of pulmonary fibroblasts demonstrates reversibility of transcriptomics and contraction phenotypes.

Fibroblasts are cells responsible for producing extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which provides physical support for organs. Although these mesenchymal cells are responsive to mechanical cues in their environment, the permanence of these mechanophenotypes is not well defined. We investigated the mechanomemory of lung fibroblasts and determined how switching culture conditions modulate cell responses and function.

Autoinhibition of ubiquitin-specific protease 8: Insights into domain interactions and mechanisms of regulation.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a family of multi-domain deubiquitinases (DUBs) with variable architectures, some containing regulatory auxiliary domains. Among the USP family, all occurrences of intramolecular regulation presently known are autoactivating. USP8 remains the sole exception as its putative WW-like domain, conserved only in vertebrate orthologs, is autoinhibitory.