Multi-level Factors to Build Confidence and Support in Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is the guideline-recommended treatment for low-risk prostate cancer and involves routine provider visits, lab tests, imaging, and prostate biopsies. Despite good uptake, adherence to AS, in terms of receiving recommended follow-up testing and remaining on AS in the absence of evidence of cancer progression, remains challenging.

Objective: We sought to better understand urologist, primary care providers (PCPs), and patient experiences with AS care delivery to identify opportunities to improve adherence.

PETRICCS Guideline Protocol: A Call to Improve Reporting Standards in Cell Culture Research.

Background: Cell culture studies play an important role in addressing fundamental scientific questions. However, inadequate reporting of these studies results in a lack of transparency and reproducibility. Recognizing the need for improvement, several ongoing efforts, such as CRIS guidelines and the ICLAC checklist, are focused on enhancing best practices for in vitro studies.

Unique presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis in a paediatric patient.

A paediatric patient presented with periorbital oedema and fever. Initially, there was low suspicion for cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis due to the presence of full extraocular movements. However, given worsening bilateral periorbital oedema, lethargy and sepsis, neuroimaging was performed demonstrating inflammation and enhancement of the leptomeninges and left cavernous sinus, and raising concern for cavernous sinus thrombosis in the setting of orbital cellulitis.

Vancomycin-induced acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis.

Antibiotics have been well documented to result in several dermatological adverse reactions. Many of these adverse reactions are rashes that are difficult to distinguish. We present a case of a female patient in her 30s with acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis following vancomycin treatment for left breast cellulitis.

Retinoid signaling in pancreas development, islet function, and disease.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling is essential in numerous different biological contexts. This review highlights the diverse roles of ATRA during development, function, and diseases of the pancreas. ATRA is essential to specify pancreatic progenitors from gut tube endoderm, endocrine and exocrine differentiation, and adult islet function.

Motivational Interviewing to Address Vaccine Hesitancy in a Rural Population.

Individuals experience vaccination hesitancy for many reasons. However, not receiving vaccinations leaves individuals at increased risk for vaccine-preventable illnesses. Individuals in rural areas are more likely to experience vaccine hesitancy.

Teammate Communication, Loneliness, and Contagion of Athlete Burnout.

Communication among teammates can influence sport experiences of athletes, including burnout. This might occur through sharing of burnout perceptions, fostering development of burnout perceptions in teammates (i.e.

Protection of β2GPI-Deficient Mice from Thrombosis Reflects a Defect in PAR3-facilitated Platelet Activation.

Antibodies to β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) cause thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome, however the role of β2GPI in coagulation in vivo is not understood. To address this issue, we developed β2GPI-deficient mice (Apoh-/-) by deleting exon 2 and 3 of Apoh using CRISPR/Cas9 and compared the development of thrombosis in wild-type (WT) and Apoh-/- mice using rose bengal and FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis, laser-induced cremaster arteriolar injury, and inferior vena cava (IVC) stasis models. We also compared tail bleeding times and activation of platelets from WT and Apoh-/- mice in the absence and presence of β2GPI.

Factor XIII: Driving (Cross-)Links in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Disease.

Blood clots are complex structures composed of blood cells and proteins held together by the structural framework provided by an insoluble fibrin network. Factor (F)XIII is a protransglutaminase essential for stabilizing the fibrin network. Activated FXIII(a) introduces novel covalent crosslinks within and between fibrin and other plasma and cellular proteins, and thereby promotes fibrin biochemical and mechanical integrity.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

"It was frightening because it could be my own grandparents": A qualitative study of vicarious exposure to anti-Asian racism.

Objective: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a proliferation of anti-Asian racism. In addition to being personal targets of racism, members of the Asian American community have also been vicariously exposed to repeated news and social media stories about anti-Asian racism. Emerging research suggests that vicarious exposure to racism during the pandemic is associated with decreased well-being, although mechanisms of action are not yet clear.

Small molecule modulators of B56-PP2A restore 4E-BP function to suppress eIF4E-dependent translation in cancer cells.

Dysregulated eIF4E-dependent translation is a central driver of tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BP1/2/3) are major negative regulators of eIF4E-dependent translation that are inactivated in tumors through inhibitory phosphorylation or downregulation. Previous studies have linked PP2A phosphatase(s) to activation of 4E-BP1.

M-Sec promotes the accumulation of intracellular HTLV-1 Gag puncta and the incorporation of Env into viral particles.

We have demonstrated that the cellular protein M-Sec promotes the transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show how HTLV-1 utilizes M-Sec for its efficient transmission. HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells expressed M-Sec at a higher level than uninfected CD4+ T cells.

Generalized functional varying-index coefficient model for dynamic synergistic gene-environment interactions with binary longitudinal traits.

The genetic basis of complex traits involves the function of many genes with small effects as well as complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. As one of the major players in complex diseases, the role of gene-environment interactions has been increasingly recognized. Motivated by epidemiology studies to evaluate the joint effect of environmental mixtures, we developed a functional varying-index coefficient model (FVICM) to assess the combined effect of environmental mixtures and their interactions with genes, under a longitudinal design with quantitative traits.

Comparing PSA Screening Patterns and Their Role as Predictor of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Analysis of a Contemporary North American Cohort.

Introduction: PSA screening remains a pivotal tool for early prostate cancer (PCa) detection. International guidelines rely on evidence from three major randomized clinical trials: ERSPC, PLCO, and CAP. We aim to examine the percentage of patients in real-world practice who get PSA screening as defined by each of the aforementioned trials.

Factor V Serves as an Early Biomarker for Graft Loss After Liver Transplant: A Prospective Evaluation.

Background: Low post-operative day (POD) 1 Factor V has been retrospectively associated with graft loss after liver transplantation when stratified by a cutoff of 0.36 U/mL. We aimed to validate this prospectively.

Assessment of simulation training efficacy in improving microsurgical skills: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Microsurgery demands an intensive period of skill acquisition due to its inherent complexity. The development and implementation of innovative training methods are essential for enhancing microsurgical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a simulation training program on the clinical results of fingertip replantation surgeries.

Impact of Medicaid Policies on Pre-pregnancy Preventive Dental Care.

Background: Dental care before pregnancy is critical for preventing poor oral health, which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. People with low incomes, however, may face insurance-related barriers to obtaining dental care. Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act increased access to dental care utilization among adults with low incomes.

Anatomy of a Crash: Analysis of 102 Pedestrian and Bicyclist Fatalities.

Pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities have increased over the past decade in the United States. Factors proposed to explain this increase include the increased popularity of larger passenger vehicles, road design to accommodate faster-moving traffic, and poor road infrastructure. We analyzed a series of 102 pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities to determine which factors were involved.

The Morphologic and Molecular Heterogeneity of Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Leiomyomas: Integrative Molecular Profiling of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors With Histologic Feature Correlation.

The morphologic features of uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs) are subject to interobserver variability and are complicated by consideration of features of fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHd) and other morphologic subtypes, with difficult cases occasionally diagnosed as smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). We compare immunohistochemical findings and detailed morphologic analysis of 45 USMTs by 4 fellowship-trained gynecologic pathologists with comprehensive molecular analysis, focusing on FHd leiomyomas (n=15), compared to a variety of other USMTs with overlapping morphologic features, including 9 STUMPs, 8 usual-type leiomyomas (ULM), 11 apoplectic leiomyomas, and 2 leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei (LMBN). FHd leiomyomas, defined by immunohistochemical (IHC) loss of FH and/or 2SC accumulation, showed FH mutations and/or FH copy loss in all cases, with concurrent TP53 mutations in 2 tumors.

Predicting inflammatory response of biomimetic nanofibre scaffolds for tissue regeneration using machine learning and graph theory.

Tissue regeneration after a wound occurs through three main overlapping and interrelated stages namely inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases, respectively. The inflammatory phase is key for successful tissue reconstruction and triggers the proliferative phase. The macrophages in the non-healing wounds remain in the inflammatory loop, but their phenotypes can be changed interactions with nanofibre-based scaffolds mimicking the organisation of the native structural support of healthy tissues.

Operationalising a Haemophilia Gene Editing Lexicon for Practical Use.

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims.