Liposomal bupivacaine as one component of the postoperative management of limb amputations in cats: a retrospective study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) as part of an opioid-sparing multimodal analgesic protocol on postoperative pain control in cats undergoing limb amputation surgery compared with traditional pain management protocols more heavily reliant on injectable opioid and non-opioid analgesics.

Methods: Medical records of 29 cats that underwent forelimb or hindlimb amputation were reviewed to evaluate postoperative systemic pain medications utilized, appetite and time to discharge as presumptive gauges of postoperative pain. Statistical analysis of the data included Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and Fisher's exact test.

Changes in lake sturgeon spawning periodicity is associated with prior reproductive effort.

Long-lived iteroparous organisms vary resource expenditures toward migration and reproduction in response to individual physical factors and conspecific interactions, which can affect future reproductive timing and interval. Reproductive actions can lead to trade-offs associated with allocations to current vs. future reproduction, including longer reproductive interval, require additional study.

Concordance of surgical treatment selection with the AUA guidelines for localized renal masses.

Objective: To examine and evaluate guideline concordance of surgical treatment selection at a community-based health system. The AUA guidelines provide specific guidance regarding appropriate utilization of radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN). However, nearly 40% of patients did not fit a guideline-specified scenario in a prior report.

Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy.

Background: The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods: EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy.

Impact of genetic polymorphisms and drug-drug interactions mediated by carboxylesterase 1 on remimazolam deactivation.

Remimazolam (Byfavo, Acacia Pharma), a recent Food and Drug Administration-approved ester-linked benzodiazepine, offers advantages in sedation, such as rapid onset and predictable duration, making it suitable for broad anesthesia applications. Its favorable pharmacological profile is primarily attributed to rapid hydrolysis, the primary metabolism pathway for its deactivation. Thus, understanding remimazolam hydrolysis determinants is essential for optimizing its clinical use.

Efficacy and safety of the activin signalling inhibitor, sotatercept, in a pooled analysis of PULSAR and STELLAR studies.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sotatercept is a first-in-class activin signalling inhibitor that acts to restore the balance between the growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting signalling pathways.

Methods: This post-hoc, exploratory, pooled analysis combines data from the double-blind placebo periods of the phase 2 PULSAR (NCT03496207) and phase 3 STELLAR (NCT04576988) studies.

Assessing the potential role of deer in the dissemination of Mycobacterium bovis infection to cattle in Northern Ireland.

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of animal tuberculosis, exhibits a broad host range - infecting, inducing pathology and transmitting from both bovine and wildlife hosts. Considerable effort has been extended to understanding the role wildlife may play in persistence and spread of infection. Infected cervids can spread infection to conspecifics and sympatric livestock as observed in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) population of Michigan, USA.

Xylazine: An emerging threat in obstetrics.

Xylazine, an alpha-adrenergic agent, is a common adulterant in the non-prescribed opioid supply. It has multiplicative sedative effects when used with opioids and these effects can negatively impact pregnancy. Given that the opioid epidemic in Canada is not abating and continues to evolve, cases of xylazine exposure during pregnancy are beginning to present in obstetrical units and emergency departments.

Biomechanical mechanisms for modulating stride frequency in walking.

Humans typically choose to walk at a self-selected stride frequency that minimizes their metabolic cost. However, when environmental constraints are present (e.g.

Long-term, continuous, subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa infusion with ND0612 in Parkinson's disease: 3-year outcomes from the open-label BeyoND study.

Introduction: ND0612 is being investigated as a continuous, subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa infusion, in combination with oral levodopa/carbidopa, for motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD). One-year data from the ongoing BeyoND study (NCT02726386) showed that the ND0612 regimen was safe and well tolerated and provided a sustained ≥2-h improvement in daily Good ON-time through 12 months of treatment.

Methods: We describe 3-year safety and efficacy outcomes for participants who completed 12 months of ND0612 treatment in the core study period and entered the extension phase.

Global natural history infrastructure requires international solidarity, support, and investment in local capacity.

Amid global challenges like climate change, extinctions, and disease epidemics, science and society require nuanced, international solutions that are grounded in robust, interdisciplinary perspectives and datasets that span deep time. Natural history collections, from modern biological specimens to the archaeological and fossil records, are crucial tools for understanding cultural and biological processes that shape our modern world. At the same time, natural history collections in low and middle-income countries are at-risk and underresourced, imperiling efforts to build the infrastructure and scientific capacity necessary to tackle critical challenges.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

Current Evidence on the Care of Young Infants With Hypothermia in the Emergency Department.

The presence of hypothermia among young infants in the emergency department may be a sign of serious or invasive bacterial infections, or invasive herpes simplex viral infection. However, hypothermia may also occur due to a variety of other infectious and noninfectious conditions or environmental exposure. In some settings, hypothermia may represent a protective, energy-conserving response to illness.

Viewing Asilomar from the Global South.

To many in the scientific community, the 1975 Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA stands as a singular achievement. This experiment in governance seemed to demonstrate that citizens could trust scientists to anticipate their fields' risks and propose sensible ways to regulate themselves. Over the past half-century, similar efforts have been made to govern controversial areas of research, from geoengineering to artificial intelligence.

Distinguishing classes of neuroactive drugs based on computational physicochemical properties and experimental phenotypic profiling in planarians.

Mental illnesses put a tremendous burden on afflicted individuals and society. Identification of novel drugs to treat such conditions is intrinsically challenging due to the complexity of neuropsychiatric diseases and the need for a systems-level understanding that goes beyond single molecule-target interactions. Thus far, drug discovery approaches focused on target-based in silico or in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) have had limited success because they cannot capture pathway interactions or predict how a compound will affect the whole organism.

Cardiac MRI in Heart Transplantation: Approaches and Clinical Insights.

Orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) is a well-established therapy for end-stage heart failure that leads to improved long-term survival rates, with careful allograft surveillance essential for optimizing clinical outcomes after OHT. Unfortunately, complications can arise after OHT that can compromise the success of the OHT. Cardiac MRI is continually evolving, with a range of advanced techniques that can be applied to evaluate allograft structure and function.

Graph contrastive learning of subcellular-resolution spatial transcriptomics improves cell type annotation and reveals critical molecular pathways.

Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics (iST), such as MERFISH, CosMx SMI, and Xenium, quantify gene expression level across cells in space, but more importantly, they directly reveal the subcellular distribution of RNA transcripts at the single-molecule resolution. The subcellular localization of RNA molecules plays a crucial role in the compartmentalization-dependent regulation of genes within individual cells. Understanding the intracellular spatial distribution of RNA for a particular cell type thus not only improves the characterization of cell identity but also is of paramount importance in elucidating unique subcellular regulatory mechanisms specific to the cell type.

Learning too much from too little: False face stereotypes emerge from a few exemplars and persist via insufficient sampling.

Face stereotypes are prevalent, consequential, yet oftentimes inaccurate. How do false first impressions arise and persist despite counter-evidence? Building on the overgeneralization hypothesis, we propose a domain-general cognitive mechanism: insufficient statistical learning, or Insta-learn. This mechanism posits that humans are quick statistical learners but insufficient samplers.

A Statistically-Robust Model of the Axomyelin Unit under Normal Physiologic Conditions with Application to Disease States.

Despite tremendous progress in characterizing the myriad cellular structures in the nervous system, a full appreciation of the interdependent and intricate interactions between these structures is as yet unfulfilled. Indeed, few more so than the interaction between the myelin internode and its ensheathed axon. More than a half-century after the ultrastructural characterization of this axomyelin unit, we lack a reliable understanding of the physiological properties, the significance and consequence of pathobiological processes, and the means to gauge success or failure of interventions designed to mitigate disease.

A plasmid with the gene enhances the fitness of strains under laboratory conditions.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health that continues to grow owing to selective pressure caused by the use and overuse of antimicrobial drugs. Resistance spread by plasmids is of special concern, as they can mediate a wide distribution of AMR genes, including those encoding extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs). The CTX-M family of ESBLs has rapidly spread worldwide, playing a large role in the declining effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins.

Plasmids encode and can mobilize onion pathogenicity in Pantoea agglomerans.

Pantoea agglomerans is one of four Pantoea species reported in the USA to cause bacterial rot of onion bulbs. However, not all P. agglomerans strains are pathogenic to onion.

A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Women's Experiences of Internalized Sociocultural Sexual Pressure.

Sexual coercion occurs when a person applies pressure to force another person to have unwanted sex. Yet, sociocultural expectations may also impact women's sexual consent/refusal behaviors in the absence of partner pressure. We conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis to investigate factors contributing to incongruent sexual decision-making (i.