Transurethral resection of the prostate across continents: a meta-analysis evaluating quality of gold standard in the twenty-first century.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) across different regions worldwide over the past two decades.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials indexed to PubMed that assessed TURP. A total of 102 studies with 8,454 patients were included and grouped by continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, and Others (North America, South America, and Australia).

Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study.

Situational factors can influence cognitive performance and should be considered for conducting cognitive assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a checklist for Cognitive Assessment Requirements (CARE) to identify these situational factors before conducting cognitive assessments and account for them. This study employed a four-round Delphi approach involving 22 experts to identify situational factors that can impact cognitive assessment results.

Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

The Determinants of Toxicity in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer with a Focal, Intraprostatic "Microboost".

Purpose: A single phase III trial has demonstrated that prostate radiotherapy with a focal, intra-prostatic "microboost" can improve disease control without an overall increase in toxicity. It is unclear how these results generalize to other treatment schedules and protocols.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Review was performed for studies published on or before September 1, 2023.

Smartphone accelerometers as tools to study the effect of socioeconomic disparities in neurosurgical outcomes: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis.

Objective: Smartphones and wearable devices can be effective tools to objectively assess patient mobility and well-being before and after spine surgery. In this retrospective observational study, the authors investigated the relationship between these longitudinal perioperative patient activity data and socioeconomic and demographic correlates, assessing whether smartphone-captured metrics may allow neurosurgeons to distinguish intergroup patterns.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective study of patients who underwent spinal decompression with and without fusion between 2017 and 2021 was conducted.

Delta-Radiomics Using Machine Learning Classifiers With Auxiliary Data Sets to Predict Disease Progression During Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy in Adrenal Metastases.

Purpose: Adaptive radiotherapy accounts for interfractional anatomic changes. We hypothesize that changes in the gross tumor volumes identified during daily scans could be analyzed using delta-radiomics to predict disease progression events. We evaluated whether an auxiliary data set could improve prediction performance.

Direct Observation of Substantial Phonon Nonequilibrium Near Nanoscale Hotspots in Gallium Nitride.

Phonon modal nonequilibrium is believed to widely exist around nanoscale hotspots, which can significantly affect the performance of nano-electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, such a phenomenon has not been explicitly observed in 3D device semiconductors at the nanoscale. Here, by employing a tip-enhanced Raman thermal measurement approach, substantial phonon nonequilibrium in gallium nitride near sub-10 nm laser-excited hotspots is directly revealed for the first time.

Inter-facility transfers to an urban level 1 trauma center and rates of secondary overtriage.

Purpose: Many patients originally transported to non-trauma centers (NTC) require transfer to a trauma center (TC) for treatment. The aim was to analyze injury characteristics and outcomes of transfer patients and investigate the secondary overtriage (SOT).

Methods: Study included 2,056 transfers to an urban level 1 TC between 01/2016 and 06/2020.

Investigating Metabolic Phenotypes for Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Exploring Immunometabolic Profiles to Unravel Disease Mechanisms.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems and poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations and absence of specific diagnostic tests. Currently, blood biomarkers such as ACE, sIL-2R, CD163, CCL18, serum amyloid A, and CRP are employed to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis. Metabolomics holds promise for identifying highly sensitive and specific biomarkers.

Intravascular Imaging as a Performance Measure for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Intravascular imaging (IVI) is widely recognized to improve outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, IVI is underutilized and is not yet established as a performance measure for quality PCI.

Methods: We examined temporal trends of IVI use for all PCIs performed at Veterans Affairs hospitals in the United States from 2010 to 2022 using retrospective observational cohorts.

Long-term Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Perfusion: The INFLATE Study.

Purpose: When performed for clinically significant carotid artery stenosis (CAS), the long-term impact of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on choroidal and choriocapillaris (CC) circulation was studied using swept-source OCT angiography.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Participants: Patients with clinically significant CAS undergoing unilateral CEA.

Mechanically Triggered Protein Desulfurization.

The technology of native chemical ligation and postligation desulfurization has greatly expanded the scope of modern chemical protein synthesis. Here, we report that ultrasonic energy can trigger robust and clean protein desulfurization, and we developed an ultrasound-induced desulfurization (USID) strategy that is simple to use and generally applicable to peptides and proteins. The USID strategy involves a simple ultrasonic cleaning bath and an easy-to-use and easy-to-remove sonosensitizer, titanium dioxide.

Leveraging mRNA technology for antigen based immuno-oncology therapies.

The application of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology in antigen-based immuno-oncology therapies represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines are an effective combinatorial partner to sensitize the host immune system to the tumor and boost the efficacy of immune therapies. Selecting suitable tumor antigens is the key step to devising effective vaccinations and amplifying the immune response.

Powering well-being: Energy independence and mental health in a zone of ongoing disasters.

The archipelago of Puerto Rico has faced multiple natural disasters, including hurricanes and earthquakes, disrupting the mental health and daily lives of its residents. These disasters, combined with socio-political abandonment, have led to the deterioration of the electrical grid, exacerbating health disparities. This study aimed to explore the linkages between natural and structural disasters, mental health, and energy independence in Puerto Rico.

Orismilast, a PDE4B/D inhibitor, in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Efficacy and safety from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2b dose-ranging study (ADESOS).

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by eczematous skin lesions and pruritus. There is an unmet need for effective first-line systemic therapies with good safety profiles, particularly oral medications. Orismilast is a novel first-in-class oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) B/D inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.

Influences of gonad developmental stage on ovary selenium concentrations in fish-implications for ovary selenium monitoring.

Monitoring selenium (Se) concentrations in fish ovaries is an important tool for evaluating the ecological risk posed by Se in aquatic systems. Most guidance recommends sampling fish ovaries as closely as possible to when fish spawn on the premise that Se is mobilized from the liver to the ovary during vitellogenesis, and therefore, sampling ovaries during the early phases of oocyte maturation may underestimate egg Se concentrations at the time of spawning. In this study, we evaluated ovary Se data from two species with synchronous oocyte development (Ptychocheilus oregonensis and Prosopium williamsoni), one species with asynchronous oocyte development (Richardsonius balteatus), and one where the mode of development is unclear (Mylocheilus caurinus).

GLP-1RA Use and Thyroid Cancer Risk.

Importance: The increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) demands a better understanding of their association with thyroid cancer.

Objective: To estimate the risk of incident thyroid cancer among adults with type 2 diabetes being treated with GLP-1RA vs other common glucose-lowering medications.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of a target trial emulation of a comparative effectiveness study using claims data for enrollees in commercial, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare fee-for-service plans across the US.

Pediatric cancer predisposition syndromes involving non-central nervous system solid pediatric tumors: a review on their manifestations with a focus on histopathology.

Germline genetic alterations and their associated cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are an important cause of pediatric cancer. Early recognition is of great importance for targeted surveillance, early detection, and prompt (personalized) therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of non-central nervous system solid pediatric tumor types, in relation to their associated CPS, with an emphasis on their histology.

The family's role in mental health care: Perceptions of Bay Area Muslims.

This qualitative study examines perceptions of Muslims living in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States, regarding the family's role in mental health help-seeking and well-being. This study employed a community-based participatory research approach through content analysis of three focus group ( = 37) discussions conducted with the help of a community advisory board comprised San Francisco Bay Area Muslim community members. Four main themes were generated.

Is it time to retire preoperative radiation for localized esophageal and gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma?

Whether preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or perioperative chemotherapy is superior for localized esophageal or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancers has been a topic of long-standing debate. For years, standard of care in the United States for localized esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been physician's choice between the 2 strategies. More recently, adjuvant immunotherapy has also been introduced into the treatment approach for those who received neoadjuvant CRT.

Pathophysiological Features of Remodeling in Vascular Diseases: Impact of Inhibitor of DNA-Binding/Differentiation-3 and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors.

Vascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial diseases, present major clinical and public health challenges, largely due to their common underlying process: vascular remodeling. This process involves structural alterations in blood vessels, driven by a variety of molecular mechanisms. The inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation-3 (), a crucial member of ID family of transcriptional regulators, has been identified as a key player in vascular biology, significantly impacting the progression of these diseases.