Structural Determinants of School Discipline: Examining State-Level Racial Bias and Neighborhood Opportunity.

Objective: Addressing the disproportionate use of school detentions and suspensions among Black youth is crucial for reducing educational and health disparities across the lifespan. Yet, few studies have explored external factors beyond school or individual characteristics as potential contributors to school discipline disparities, such as state-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity.

Method: A subsample from the larger Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® was used (M age at baseline = 9.

Ethnicity and race as modifiers of the association between patient sex and stage at diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Background: With over 80,000 projected new diagnoses in 2024, bladder cancer remains a significant public health concern. Given the absence of routine screening protocols, identifying high-risk populations becomes crucial for early detection and intervention. This study aimed to investigate whether race and ethnicity modify the association between sex and stage at diagnosis in adults with primary bladder cancer.

Disparities in Rehabilitation Services for Victims of Violence.

Introduction: Access to rehabilitation services after a traumatic injury improves functional outcomes. No study has examined the association between injury intent, violent versus nonviolent, and receipt of rehabilitation services after injury.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of injured adult patients admitted to our level I trauma center from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021.

Drusen Regression Following Macular Hole Surgery: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a case of drusen regression following pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peel (ILMP) in a patient with a full-thickness macular hole and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A 67-year-old gentleman presented in April 2024 with a full-thickness macular hole in OS and intermediate dry AMD OU. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy, ILMP, and an injection of sulfur hexafluoride gas for macular hole repair in OS.

Expanding the Genetic Etiology of Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the Sperm Flagella: A Case Report of Two Novel DNAH1 Variants.

Background: The following case report details the genetic evaluation and treatment of a 30-year-old male with a history of asthenoteratospermia and notable abnormalities of the sperm flagella.

Methods: Genetic evaluation was performed via a multi-gene panel of genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) prior to the couple's in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle.

Results: Genetic evaluation was performed via a multi-gene panel of genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) prior to the couple's in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle.

Reliability of artificial intelligence-driven markerless motion capture in gait analyses of healthy adults.

The KinaTrax markerless motion capture system, used extensively in the analysis of baseball pitching and hitting, is currently being adapted for use in clinical biomechanics. In clinical and laboratory environments, repeatability is inherent to the quality of any diagnostic tool. The KinaTrax system was assessed on within- and between-session reliability for gait kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters in healthy adults.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Liver Injury as a Risk Factor for Post-Traumatic Venous Thromboembolism.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in severely injured patients despite current methods of risk stratification and prophylaxis, suggesting incomplete understanding of VTE risk factors. Given the liver's role in coagulation, we hypothesized that liver injury (LI) is associated with increased rates of VTE in severely injured patients.

Study Design: The American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Project database (TQIP) 2017-2021 was retrospectively reviewed for patients with a maximum abdominal Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥ 4 with or without LI.

A Case of Fournier's Gangrene in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a type of necrotizing fasciitis affecting the abdomen or perineum. It is a polymicrobial infection that progresses to an obliterating endarteritis, causing thrombosis and subsequent tissue necrosis, allowing pathogenic invasion of interfacial planes.Patients with Fournier's gangrene typically have underlying systemic conditions that cause vascular insufficiencies or immunosuppression.

Genome Sequence of Three Siphoviruses in the EE, GA and EA5 Actinobacteriophage Clusters: Biscayne, Bush and GreenIvy.

Bacteriophages Biscayne, Bush and GreenIvy were isolated from soil samples in Miami, FL using NRRL B-24224 as host. Transmission electron microscopy shows siphoviral morphologies for all three phages. Based on gene content similarity to other actinobacteriophages, they are assigned to the EE, GA and EA5 clusters, respectively.

Predictive Modeling of Juvenile Smalltooth Sawfish Habitats: Challenges and Opportunities for Conservation.

Effective conservation of rare species necessitates the identification of critical habitats and their specific features that influence species occurrence. This study focused on smalltooth sawfish (), a critically endangered elasmobranch, to explore how predictive spatial modeling can enhance conservation efforts. By leveraging long-term occurrence and relative abundance data from scientific gillnet surveys, along with in situ environmental data, we used boosted regression trees (BRT) to pinpoint key habitat features essential for juvenile sawfish.

Abdominal and intra-abdominal fibromatoses: Outcomes over time.

Objectives: Abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fibromatoses are locally aggressive, nonmetastasizing neoplasms. Surgery has been the mainstay of local control, but new forms of therapy have been developed that may influence the clinical course and morbidity. We studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients with abdominal and intra-abdominal fibromatoses over time.

Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections.

Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.

Durability of response of UGN-101: Longitudinal follow up of multicenter study.

Purpose: UGN-101, a reverse thermal mitomycin gel for upper tract instillation, recently became the first FDA approved treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the durability of UGN-101 treatment has not been well described. Here we present long term outcomes from our multi-institutional cohort for patients who initially responded to treatment.

Outcomes of Intrauterine Interventions in Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Sequence: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over the Past 35 Years.

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is an uncommon disease affecting monochorionic twin pregnancies. The diagnosis can be made by ultrasound allowing to plan optimal antenatal management. An electronic search was conducted from inception to July 2024 to systematically evaluate and compare the outcomes of different intrauterine interventions in this condition.

Barriers to Developmental Care in the NICU: An Integrative Review.

Background: Variability in developmental care implementation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) highlights the need to explore barriers to care delivery, yet few studies addressed these challenges.

Purpose: Drawing from NICU literature, this integrative review identifies barriers to implementing developmental care with premature infants.

Methods: A systematic search of CINAHL and PubMed (2014-2024) was conducted, yielding 2 qualitative and 5 quantitative studies.

Acculturation Impacts on Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic Sexual Minority Youth and Hispanic Non-sexual Minority Youth.

Little is known about the role of acculturation in preventing depressive symptoms among sexual minority youth. This study examined the impact of bidimensional acculturation (i.e.

Manipulating Fano Coupling in an Opto-Thermoelectric Field.

Fano resonances in photonics arise from the coupling and interference between two resonant modes in structures with broken symmetry. They feature an uneven and narrow and tunable lineshape and are ideally suited for optical spectroscopy. Many Fano resonance structures have been suggested in nanophotonics over the last ten years, but reconfigurability and tailored design remain challenging.

Assessing longitudinal prenatal knowledge and skills retention among community birth attendants enrolled in a novel school.

Objective: Guatemala has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in Central America. A total of 60% of births in Guatemala are attended by traditional Mayan birth attendants, or comadronas. Their prevalence in these communities makes them a valuable resource to bridge home births with safe prenatal care.

The Melanocyte and Nerve Fiber Cross-Talk, Facilitated Also by Semaphorin-4A, Enhances UV-B-Induced Melanogenesis.

Epidermal melanocytes form synaptic-like contacts with cutaneous nerve fibers, but the functional outcome of these connections remains elusive. In this pilot study we used our fully humanized re-innervated skin organ culture model to investigate melanocyte-nerve fiber interactions in UV-B-induced melanogenesis. UV-B-irradiation significantly enhanced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in re-innervated skin compared to non-innervated controls, indicating that neuronal presence is essential for exacerbating pigmentation upon UV-B irradiation in long-term culture.

Point prevalence survey of antibiotics in a pediatric tertiary hospital in the Republic of Panama.

Objective: To conduct a point prevalence survey (PPS) of antibiotic use in the main pediatric tertiary-level hospital in Panama City to establish antibiotic prevalence and identify key areas for addressing antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: This point prevalence survey (PPS) conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Panama followed the Pan American Health Organization's adaptation of the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization for PPSs on antibiotic use. Information obtained included patients' demographic characteristics, antimicrobial prescriptions, indication for antimicrobial use, and prescription's adherence to guidelines.