Socioeconomic Factors, not Ethnicity, Predict Breast Self-Examination.

The American Cancer Society has recommended monthly breast self-examinations (BSEs) to aid in the early detection of breast cancer. Compliance with BSE recommendations has been shown to be decreased in certain ethnic groups. This investigation evaluates relevant variables involved in BSE compliance in an urban breast cancer screening center.

Strategies for evaluating adherence to sleep restriction treatment for insomnia.

The methodology of assessing adherence to sleep restriction therapy for insomnia has received little attention in the empirical literature. The present study proposes and evaluates several approaches to assessing adherence to sleep restriction. We investigated multiple methods of measuring adherence and tested their utility by determining the strength of their association with treatment outcome in a sample of 22 older adults with insomnia (16 women, six men).

The effects of an educational intervention on calcium intake and bone mineral content in young women with low calcium intake.

Purpose: This study evaluated whether a combined behavioral and dietary intervention would affect young women's calcium intake and bone mineral content (BMC).

Design: The design was a two by three mixed design with one between-subjects factor (treatment vs. control) and one within-subjects factor (time--baseline, 3-month, and 6-month).

Efficacy of forced smoking cessation and an adjunctive behavioral treatment on long-term smoking rates.

This study evaluated the efficacy of a 6-week forced ban on smoking and brief behavioral counseling on long-term smoking rates. Participants were active-duty enrollees in U.S.

Predictors of milk consumption in a population of 17- to 35-year-old military personnel.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to survey an entire population of Air Force recruits (N = 32,144) regarding milk consumption and demographic and health-related factors that may predict milk consumption.

Design: All subjects were required to fill out a 53-item health survey at the start of basic military training.

Subjects/setting: All recruits who entered the US Air Force from August 1995 to August 1996 participated in this study (N = 32,144).

Chronic minor stressors and major life events experienced by low-income patients attending primary care clinics: a longitudinal examination.

Chronic minor stressors and major life events were assessed from 129 randomly selected low-income patients attending primary care medical clinics. Participants reported experiencing an average of 15 chronic minor stressors in a 12-month period. The most common chronic minor stressors were reported in the areas of finances and domestic activities.

Gender and ethnic differences in young adolescents' sources of cigarettes.

Objective: To identify the sources used by young adolescents to obtain cigarettes.

Design: In early 1994 a survey assessing usual sources of cigarettes and characteristics of the respondents was administered in homeroom classes.

Setting: A large urban, predominantly African American school system.

Relationships between stages of change in cigarette smokers and healthy lifestyle behaviors in a population of young military personnel during forced smoking abstinence.

This study evaluated the relationships between stages of change and related health behaviors in a population of smokers forced to quit smoking. Participants were 10,136 Air Force recruits who were in basic military training (BMT) and who were not allowed to smoke because of a ban on smoking during BMT. Participants were surveyed about their smoking history, their motivation and readiness to remain smoke free after BMT, and their behavior on 5 target health areas.

The prospective relationships between smoking and weight in a young, biracial cohort: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

This study examined the relationship between smoking status and weight change from baseline to Year 7 in a large biracial cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Unadjusted for covariates, only male smokers weighed less than nonsmokers, with no effect among women. Adjusted for covariates, male and female smokers weighed less than nonsmokers at baseline, adjusted for age, total energy intake, alcohol intake, and physical fitness.

The relationship between smoking and body weight in a population of young military personnel.

Evidence indicates that middle-aged smokers weigh less than nonsmokers and that smoking cessation reliably produces weight gain, but recent studies have questioned the weight control "benefits" of smoking in younger populations (the time that people typically initiate smoking). The relationship between smoking and body weight was evaluated in all U.S.