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University of Melbourne at the Doherty ... Publications | LitMetric

78 results match your criteria: "University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • Native possums in Australia are key carriers of the pathogen causing Buruli ulcer (BU), and monitoring their excreta with PCR can help predict human risk areas for this neglected tropical disease.* -
  • A new low-cost method for extracting DNA from possum samples using guanidinium isothiocyanate and paramagnetic beads can be implemented at a fraction of the cost of commercial kits, making large-scale environmental monitoring more feasible.* -
  • The developed method shows comparable effectiveness to traditional techniques, enhancing the potential to combat the spread of BU in Victoria and possibly other regions affected by the disease.*
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Antiviral agents with activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have played a critical role in disease management; however, little is known regarding the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly in the management of persistent SARS-CoV-2 positivity. This narrative review discusses the management of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 in immunocompromised hosts, with a focus on antiviral therapies. We identified 84 cases from the literature describing a variety of approaches, including prolonged antiviral therapy (n = 11), combination antivirals (n = 13), and mixed therapy with antiviral and antibody treatments (n = 60).

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Article Synopsis
  • The rise of sequence type (ST) 45 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been notable in the past decade, but its causes are not fully understood.
  • Research involving phylogenetic analysis of ST45 MRSA from Australia and globally identified a unique lineage with multidrug resistance, particularly in Australia and Singapore.
  • The study found that the qacA gene, acquired in the late 1990s, enhances tolerance to chlorhexidine, indicating that both antimicrobial resistance and qacA are key to the establishment of ST45 MRSA.
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Development of a cross-sectoral antimicrobial resistance capability assessment framework.

BMJ Glob Health

January 2024

WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent and growing global health concern, and a clear understanding of existing capacities to address AMR, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), is needed to inform national priorities, investment targets and development activities. Across LMICs, there are limited data regarding existing mechanisms to address AMR, including national AMR policies, current infection prevention and antimicrobial prescribing practices, antimicrobial use in animals, and microbiological testing capacity for AMR. Despite the development of numerous individual tools designed to inform policy formulation and implementation or surveillance interventions to address AMR, there is an unmet need for easy-to-use instruments that together provide a detailed overview of AMR policy, practice and capacity.

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Characterization of outer membrane vesicles released by clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Proteomics

June 2024

Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

The sexually transmitted pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases membrane vesicles including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during infections. OMVs traffic outer membrane molecules, such as the porin PorB and lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), into host innate immune cells, eliciting programmed cell death pathways, and inflammation. Little is known, however, about the proteome and LOS content of OMVs released by clinical strains isolated from different infection sites, and whether these vesicles similarly activate immune responses.

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Global spread of multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted Staphylococcus epidermidis lineages underscores the need for new therapeutic strategies. Here we show that many S. epidermidis isolates belonging to these lineages display cryptic susceptibility to penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations under in vitro conditions, despite carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecA.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - the ability of microorganisms to adapt and survive under diverse chemical selection pressures - is influenced by complex interactions between humans, companion and food-producing animals, wildlife, insects and the environment. To understand and manage the threat posed to health (human, animal, plant and environmental) and security (food and water security and biosecurity), a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to AMR surveillance is required. Genomic technologies have enabled monitoring of the mobilization, persistence and abundance of AMR genes and mutations within and between microbial populations.

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A statistical genomics framework to trace bacterial genomic predictors of clinical outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Cell Rep

September 2023

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.

Outcomes of severe bacterial infections are determined by the interplay between host, pathogen, and treatments. While human genomics has provided insights into host factors impacting Staphylococcus aureus infections, comparatively little is known about S. aureus genotypes and disease severity.

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Case Commentary: The hidden side of oxacillin resistance in .

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

October 2023

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.

Acquisition of PBP2a (encoded by the gene) is the key resistance mechanism to β-lactams in . The gene can be easily detected by PCR assays; however, these tools will miss c-independent oxacillin resistance. This phenotype is mediated by mutations in cell wall metabolism genes that can be acquired during persistent infections under prolonged antibiotic exposure.

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Aims: We aimed to recruit a representative cohort of women and men with multi-morbid chronic heart disease as part of a trial testing an innovative, nurse-co-ordinated, multi-faceted intervention to lower rehospitalization and death by addressing areas of vulnerability to external challenges to their health.

Methods And Results: The prospective, randomized open, blinded end-point RESILIENCE Trial recruited 203 hospital inpatients (mean age 75.7 ± 10.

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Tackling antimicrobial resistance by integrating One Health and the Sustainable Development Goals.

BMC Glob Public Health

August 2023

Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as a leading threat to global public health. One Health approaches that integrate sectors across human health, animal health, food production and the environment are essential to both addressing the growing threat of AMR and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

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Reducing unnecessary testing on sputum specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis: pathology stewardship in microbiology.

Pathology

October 2023

Department of Microbiology, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

Chronic respiratory tract infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the hallmark of established lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Antibiotic therapy can usually only suppress but not eradicate infection. In recent years, pulmonary infection with non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species has also been increasing.

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Meet the editorial board members: Angeline Ferdinand and Michael Murray.

BMC Glob Public Health

July 2023

Mount Sinai Health System, New York, USA.

In this Q&A, Angeline Ferdinand and Michael Murray answer questions about their research fields and share insights into their role as editorial board members at the journal.

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Development of virus-like particles with inbuilt immunostimulatory properties as vaccine candidates.

Front Microbiol

June 2023

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

The development of virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines for human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and hepatitis E viruses represented a breakthrough in vaccine development. However, for dengue and COVID-19, technical complications, such as an incomplete understanding of the requirements for protective immunity, but also limitations in processes to manufacture VLP vaccines for enveloped viruses to large scale, have hampered VLP vaccine development. Selecting the right adjuvant is also an important consideration to ensure that a VLP vaccine induces protective antibody and T cell responses.

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Daptomycin is a last-resort antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment failure is commonly linked to accumulation of point mutations; however, the contribution of single mutations to resistance and the mechanisms underlying resistance remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selected during daptomycin therapy inactivates the highly conserved ClpP protease and is causing reduced susceptibility of MRSA to daptomycin, vancomycin, and β-lactam antibiotics as well as decreased expression of virulence factors.

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Introduction: HIV-1 persists in resting CD4 T-cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Determining the cell surface markers that enrich for genetically-intact HIV-1 genomes is vital in developing targeted curative strategies. Previous studies have found that HIV-1 proviral DNA is enriched in CD4 T-cells expressing the immune checkpoint markers programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4).

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All Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia-inducing strains can cause infective endocarditis: Results of GWAS and experimental animal studies.

J Infect

February 2023

CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France. Electronic address:

Objectives: We aimed at determining whether specific S. aureus strains cause infective endocarditis (IE) in the course of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB).

Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 924 S.

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Niche-specific genome degradation and convergent evolution shaping adaptation during severe infections.

Elife

June 2022

Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

During severe infections, moves from its colonising sites to blood and tissues and is exposed to new selective pressures, thus, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Previous studies have shown the key role of the locus in pathoadaptation; however, a more comprehensive characterisation of genetic signatures of bacterial adaptation may enable prediction of clinical outcomes and reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of these infections. Here, we measured adaptation using within-host evolution analysis of 2590 .

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Background: COVID-19 has affected many healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. We performed state-wide SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiological investigations to identify HCW transmission dynamics and provide recommendations to optimise healthcare system preparedness for future outbreaks.

Methods: Genome sequencing was attempted on all COVID-19 cases in Victoria, Australia.

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Reprogramming of Cell Death Pathways by Bacterial Effectors as a Widespread Virulence Strategy.

Infect Immun

May 2022

Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

The modulation of programmed cell death (PCD) processes during bacterial infections is an evolving arms race between pathogens and their hosts. The initiation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis pathways are essential to immunity against many intracellular and extracellular bacteria. These cellular self-destructive mechanisms are used by the infected host to restrict and eliminate bacterial pathogens.

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ICOS-play: dressing T cells for residency.

Trends Immunol

April 2022

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address:

Efficient generation of tissue-resident memory T (T) cells is essential for long-lived immune protection in barrier tissues. Peng et al. now show that the costimulatory molecule ICOS enhances CD8 T cell lodgment by promoting early tissue retention.

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COVID-19: Integrating genomic and epidemiological data to inform public health interventions and policy in Tasmania, Australia.

Western Pac Surveill Response J

March 2022

Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute, 
Victoria, Australia.

Objective: We undertook an integrated analysis of genomic and epidemiological data to investigate a large health-care-associated outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to better understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 cases in Tasmania, Australia.

Methods: Epidemiological data collected on COVID-19 cases notified in Tasmania between 2 March and 15 May 2020, and positive samples of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or RNA extracted from the samples were included. Sequencing was conducted by tiled amplicon polymerase chain reaction with ARTIC v1 or v3 primers and Illumina sequencing.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) shows potential as a rapid and portable testing method, but high costs for diagnostic hardware limit its widespread use.
  • * The proposed diagnostic hardware configuration can be built for about $380 and delivers results in under 30 minutes, with strong performance in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, making it a feasible option for labs in resource-limited areas.
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Article Synopsis
  • A new virus similar to other viruses called coronaviruses was first noticed in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
  • Scientists are trying to figure out how this virus, named SARS-CoV-2, started spreading among people.
  • There are two main ideas: one suggests it accidentally escaped from a lab, and the other says it came from animals.
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