Barriers, Enablers, and Consumer Design Ideas for Health Literacy Responsive Hospital Waiting Areas: A Framework Method Analysis.

Aim: The study aim was to (1) investigate the barriers and enablers experienced by consumers to accessing and engaging with health tools in hospital waiting areas and (2) evaluate consumers' ideas for designing a health literacy responsive waiting area.

Background: Health information, resources, and supports ("health tools") in waiting areas should be responsive to the health literacy needs of consumers. However, consumers' experiences of using health tools and their ideas for improving them are not known.

The Effect of Real-Time Video-Based Engagement and Feedback during Pedaling on Cadence Control and Exercise Motivation: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

The use of video and music as an intrinsic, dissociative attentional stimulus during exercise is thought to distract from the physical discomfort of exercise, and contribute to improved exercise adherence; however, the effects of video-based feedback and engagement during pedaling on exercise performance and motivation are poorly understood. The aims of the present study were twofold. Firstly, to develop a novel video-based engagement regime for pedaling that links pedaling cadence with the play rate of a video, and secondly, to employ an instrumented pedaling device to assess the influence of the video engagement paradigm on cadence performance and exercise motivation.

Body size and composition of Samoan toddlers aged 18-25 months in 2019.

Background: The " (Beginning of Life)" study is a prospective birth cohort of  = 160 Samoan mother-infant dyads established in 2017-2018. A primary study aim is to explore how a missense variant at rs373863828 impacts growth in early life, given its association with increased body size but lower risk of diabetes in adult Samoans. Here, we examine body size and composition by genotype among toddlers aged 18.

Muscle Volume and Intramuscular Fat of the Tongue Evaluated With MRI Predict Malnutrition in People Living With Dementia: A 5-Year Follow-up Study.

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in older persons with dementia. Therefore, strong predictors of malnutrition in this population are crucial to initiating early interventions. This study evaluates the association between the probability of having malnutrition with the muscle volume and intramuscular fat (iMAT) of the masseter and the tongue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of community-dwelling older persons diagnosed with mild dementia followed up for 5 years.

Recovery of quality of life is associated with lower mortality 5-year post-fracture: the Australian arm of the International Costs and Utilities Related to Osteoporotic Fractures Study (AusICUROS).

Unlabelled: Little is known about factors that lead to excess mortality post-fracture. This study demonstrated that 5-year mortality is lower in older adults who recovered to their pre-fracture health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 12-months compared to those who did not recover. Our results highlight the importance of post-fracture interventions known to improve HRQoL.

C-reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates.

Objectives: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in many populations but remains remarkably understudied in Pacific Islander populations. Here, we provide the first examination of correlates of CRP in adult Samoans (n = 108, ages 35-55 years) to test the hypotheses that CRP exhibits sex-dependent associations with measures of BMI, adiposity, and cardiometabolic disease risks.

Methods: We analyzed associations between measures of adiposity (total fat mass, visceral fat mass, percent total body fat), body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risks, behaviors, demographics, and CRP.

Discovery Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Composition in 4,386 Adults From the UK Biobank's Pilot Imaging Enhancement Study.

Body composition (fat, skeletal muscle and bone mass) is an important determinant of overall health and risk of endocrine disorders such as type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Although diet and physical activity are strongly implicated, body composition is also heritable. We conducted a discovery genome-wide association study on 31 phenotypes from the three-compartment body composition model (fat, lean and bone mass) in a set of 4 386 individuals (n = 2 109 males, n = 2 294 females) from the UK Biobank pilot imaging enhancement program that underwent a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for assessment of body composition and genetic screening.

Sex differences in recovery of quality of life 12 months post-fracture in community-dwelling older adults: analyses of the Australian arm of the International Costs and Utilities Related to Osteoporotic Fractures Study (AusICUROS).

Unlabelled: In this study of 695 Australian older adults (aged ≥50 years), we found that men and women had a similar trajectory of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) recovery following fragility fracture at any skeletal site. These results provide us with critical knowledge that improves our understanding of health outcomes post-fracture.

Introduction: Mortality is higher in men than that in women following a fragility fracture, but it is unclear whether recovery of patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differs between sexes.

Diagnostic Power of Circulatory Metabolic Biomarkers as Metabolic Syndrome Risk Predictors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northwest of England (A Feasibility Study).

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with pathophysiology strongly linked to aging. A range of circulatory metabolic biomarkers such as inflammatory adipokines have been associated with MetS; however, the diagnostic power of these markers as MetS risk correlates in elderly has yet to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study investigated the diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as MetS risk correlates in older adults.

Challenges and lessons learnt from the ENJOY project: recommendations for future collaborative research implementation framework with local governments for improving the environment to promote physical activity for older people.

Background: The physical environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the promotion of physical activity of older people. Outdoor environments that incorporate specialised exercise equipment suitable for older people are uniquely placed to promote physical activity and social connectedness amongst older people. The ENJOY project included the installation of specialised outdoor exercise equipment (the Seniors Exercise Park) and the delivery of a physical and social activity program for older people as part of a prospective pre-post research design.

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and its Association with Antirheumatic Drugs in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with antirheumatic drugs in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review was registered on PROSPERO and followed PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on the prevalence of sarcopenia in adults with RA using any muscle index (muscle mass, strength and/or physical performance) and cutpoints as recommended by established criteria (EWGSOP1/2, AWGS, FNIH, SDOC).

The Evolution of Technology and Physical Inactivity: The Good, the Bad, and the Way Forward.

Since the beginning of time people explored and developed new technologies to make their activities of daily living less labour intense, more efficient and, consequently, more sedentary. In addition, technological advances in medicine throughout history have led to a substantial increase in life expectancy. However, the combination of increased sedentary behaviour and increased life-expectancy resulted in a sharp increase in overweight and obesity related chronic conditions and illness.

Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice.

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation.

Physical activity guidelines for older people: knowledge gaps and future directions.

Physical function (ie, aerobic capacity, gait speed, and muscle strength) has been proposed as a biomarker of healthy ageing, as it is predictive of adverse health events, disability, and mortality. The role of physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for prevention of both disease and the associated decline in functional capacity has been emphasised repeatedly. Supervised exercise interventions in hospitalised older people (aged ≥75 years) have been proved to be safe and effective in preventing or attenuating functional and cognitive decline.

New horizons in falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative.

Background: falls and fall-related injuries are common in older adults, have negative effects both on quality of life and functional independence and are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Current clinical approaches and advice from falls guidelines vary substantially between countries and settings, warranting a standardised approach. At the first World Congress on Falls and Postural Instability in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in December 2019, a worldwide task force of experts in falls in older adults, committed to achieving a global consensus on updating clinical practice guidelines for falls prevention and management by incorporating current and emerging evidence in falls research.

Is It Safe to Use a Lead Screen During Hip Arthroscopy?

Purpose: To assess the radiation attenuation of lead screens in comparison to lead gowns in a simulated hip arthroscopy setting.

Methods: In this quantitative laboratory study, a phantom pelvis was used to simulate the scatter produced by patients during hip arthroscopy. Radiation measurements were taken using a handheld radiation detector positioned perpendicular to the phantom pelvis at 1.

Body composition reference ranges in community-dwelling adults using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the Australian Body Composition (ABC) Study.

Background: Reference ranges for lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) are essential in identifying soft tissue disorders; however, no such reference ranges exist for the most commonly used Hologic dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine in Australia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults (aged 18-88 years) who underwent a Hologic DXA scan at one of three commercialized densitometry centres in Australia. Age-specific and sex-specific percentile curves were generated for LM [LM, appendicular lean mass (ALM), ALM adjusted for height squared (ALM/h ), and ALM adjusted for body mass index (ALM/BMI)] and FM [FM, FM adjusted for height squared (FM/h ), appendicular fat mass, and android and gynoid fat] parameters using the LMS statistical method.

Posterior-Stabilized TKA in Patients With Severe Genu Recurvatum Achieves Good Clinical and Radiological Results at 5-year Minimum Follow-Up: A Case-Controlled Study.

Background: Genu recurvatum is a rare knee deformity. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in severe preoperative recurvatum requires surgical adjustments. Few studies have assessed the clinical and radiological results of TKA in recurvatum.

The skeletal maturity of Australian children aged 10-13 years in 2016.

Skeletal maturity can be used as a biological indicator of the tempo of growth in children and adolescents. We present a description of skeletal maturity from a cohort of white Australian children and describe variation in skeletal maturity based on child age. Participants ( = 71; age 10.

Targeting intramuscular adipose tissue expansion to preserve contractile function in volumetric muscle loss: A potentially novel therapy?

In volumetric muscle loss (VML), the severity of trauma exceeds a muscle's regenerative capacity. VML causes permanent functional impairments for which there are no rehabilitative, pharmacological, or regenerative medicine interventions. Driving failed regeneration in VML is a hostile microenvironment characterized by heightened inflammation, fibrosis, and denervation, which may reduce the remaining muscle tissue's quality, and stimulate intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) expansion.

Uncovering the Bone-Muscle Interaction and Its Implications for the Health and Function of Older Adults (the Wellderly Project): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

Background: Bone and muscle are closely linked anatomically, biochemically, and metabolically. Acute exercise affects both bone and muscle, implying a crosstalk between the two systems. However, how these two systems communicate is still largely unknown.

Personalized alignment in total knee arthroplasty: current concepts.

Traditionally in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a post-operative neutral alignment was the gold standard. This principle has been contested as functional outcomes were found to be inconsistent. Analysis of limb alignment in the non-osteoarthritic population reveals variations from neutral alignment and consideration of a personalized or patient-specific alignment in TKA is challenging previous concepts.

Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance.

Falls result in multiple adverse health outcomes including mortality in older persons. Impaired balance is known to increase the risk of falls. Numerous factors play a role in the etiology of balance disturbance.

Osteocalcin and vascular function: is there a cross-talk?

Background: The bone-derived protein osteocalcin (OC), in its undercarboxylated (ucOC) form, has a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and may be a future therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests a link between ucOC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development; however, the exact relationship is conflicting and unclear.

Scope Of Review: The aim of this review was to summarise the current research examining the interaction between OC and vascular dysfunction, the initiating stage in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD.