86 results match your criteria: "University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology[Affiliation]"

Profiling the extracellular vesicles of two human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cell populations.

Exp Cell Res

December 2024

Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Newborn Health, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. Electronic address:

Increasing evidence shows extracellular vesicles (EVs) are primarily responsible for the beneficial effects of cell-based therapies. EVs derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise as a source of EVs for cell-free therapies. The human placental fetal-maternal interface is a rich and abundant source of MSCs from which EVs can be isolated.

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Introduction: Women with obesity are less likely to participate in mammographic screening and more likely to develop post-menopausal breast cancer. We describe the co-production of a novel training intervention for breast screening staff, targeting obesity-related barriers to participating in a population-based mammographic screening.

Methods: A Stakeholder Consultant Group (SCG) was established to guide the co-production process.

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Background: Mammographic breast screening/rescreening rates are suboptimal for women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. This study describes development of an intervention framework targeting obesity- and disability-related barriers to improve participation.

Methods: Mixed methods combined a systematic review with first-person perspectives to optimise screening engagement among women with obesity and/or physical disabilities.

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Natural variability in menstrual cycle length, coupled with rapid changes in endometrial gene expression, makes it difficult to accurately define and compare different stages of the endometrial cycle. Here we develop and validate a method for precisely determining endometrial cycle stage based on global gene expression. Our 'molecular staging model' reveals significant and remarkably synchronised daily changes in expression for over 3400 endometrial genes throughout the cycle, with the most dramatic changes occurring during the secretory phase.

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Endometriosis is a leading cause of pain and infertility affecting millions of women globally. Herein, we characterize variation in DNA methylation (DNAm) and its association with menstrual cycle phase, endometriosis, and genetic variants through analysis of genotype data and methylation in endometrial samples from 984 deeply-phenotyped participants. We estimate that 15.

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Endometriosis is a common condition associated with debilitating pelvic pain and infertility. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis, including 60,674 cases and 701,926 controls of European and East Asian descent, identified 42 genome-wide significant loci comprising 49 distinct association signals. Effect sizes were largest for stage 3/4 disease, driven by ovarian endometriosis.

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Serum progesterone concentration on the day of embryo transfer in stimulated cycles does not correlate with reproductive outcomes.

Reprod Biomed Online

December 2022

Reproductive Biology Unit, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Victoria, Australia.

Research Question: Is the live birth rate (LBR) in fresh embryo transfer IVF cycles affected by serum progesterone concentration on the day of embryo transfer?

Design: A single-centre retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from women who underwent IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection between July 2019 and July 2020, and had a fresh day 5 single embryo transfer. Overall, 825 first and second stimulation cycles were included. Patients underwent a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) trigger, and received vaginal-only luteal phase support.

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Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from preeclamptic patients secrete endoglin, which at high levels inhibits endothelial cell attachment invitro.

Placenta

August 2022

University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Electronic address:

Introduction: In preeclampsia (PE), inadequate remodelling of spiral arterioles in the decidua basalis causes oxidative stress and subsequent increased release of antiangiogenic soluble endoglin (sENG) into the maternal circulation. Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (DMSCs) reside adjacent to endothelial cells in this vascular niche. Surprisingly, DMSCs express membrane-bound ENG (CD105).

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Gestational alloimmune liver disease resulting in neonatal haemochromatosis is a rare but often lethal neonatal and fetal condition and is the leading cause of fetal and neonatal liver injury. Chelation-antioxidant treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and exchange transfusions, as well as liver transplantation have been used as treatments for the affected newborn at birth. In the reported case, a woman with previous neonatal death at 34 weeks of gestation due to gestational alloimmune liver disease commenced weekly doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (1 mg/kg) from 15 weeks in a subsequent pregnancy.

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Endometriosis is associated with increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Using data from large endometriosis and EOC genome-wide association meta-analyses, we estimate the genetic correlation and evaluate the causal relationship between genetic liability to endometriosis and EOC histotypes, and identify shared susceptibility loci. We estimate a significant genetic correlation (r) between endometriosis and clear cell (r = 0.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Mastitis is a common issue for breastfeeding women, often linked to bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, but this study considers coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as an alternative cause.
  • - Researchers analyzed breast milk samples from 20 women with mastitis and 16 without, using gene sequencing and RAPD analysis to identify bacterial species and strain variations.
  • - The findings showed that most CoNS isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis, with 33 unique profiles identified through RAPD analysis, but no specific profile was linked to mastitis.
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Prior term delivery increases risk of subsequent recurrent preterm birth: An unexpected finding.

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol

August 2022

Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: Women with a prior pregnancy at term are generally considered to be at reduced risk for subsequent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), whereas a previous sPTB is a major predictor for a future sPTB.

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of recurrent sPTB in women with a prior term birth and a subsequent sPTB.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at St Thomas' Hospital in London, UK.

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Previous term emergency caesarean section is a risk factor for recurrent spontaneous preterm birth; a retrospective cohort study.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol

April 2022

Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Objectives: Emergency caesarean sections (EmCS), particularly those performed in the second stage of labour, have been associated with a risk of subsequent preterm birth. More worrying is that the risk of sPTB recurrence appears to be high in women who have had a second stage EmCS and a subsequent sPTB. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the risk of recurrence in women who have had a prior term EmCS at any stage of labour followed by a sPTB.

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Late/post-term decidual basalis-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells show evidence of advanced ageing and downregulation of microRNA-516b-5p.

Placenta

June 2021

Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address:

Introduction: The placenta is a short-lived organ, yet it shows signs of progressive ageing in the third trimester. Studies of ageing chorionic placental tissue have recently flourished, providing evidence of advanced ageing of tissues in the late/post-term (L/PT) period of gestation. However, ageing of the maternal aspect of the maternal-fetal interface, specifically the decidua basalis, is poorly understood.

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Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a significant contributor to the high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia. At the moment, limited guidelines are available to assist primary care providers in managing HDP cases. A previous review of 16 international HDP guidelines has identified opportunities for improving HDP management in Indonesian primary care, but it has not determined the suitability of the recommendations in practice.

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Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate endothelial cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a cell culture model of preeclampsia.

Pregnancy Hypertens

October 2020

Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Unlabelled: Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (DMSC), reportedly reduce endothelial cell dysfunction and alleviate PE-like symptoms in a murine model. However, as a therapeutic strategy, the use of whole DMSC presents significant technical limitations, which may be overcome by employing DMSC-secreted extracellular vesicles (DMSC_EV).

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Ageing in human parturition: impetus of the gestation clock in the decidua†.

Biol Reprod

October 2020

Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Despite sharing many common features, the relationship between ageing and parturition remains poorly understood. The decidua is a specialized lining of endometrial tissue, which develops in preparation for pregnancy. The structure and location of the decidua support its role as the physical scaffold for the growing embryo and placenta, and thus, it is vital to sustain pregnancy.

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Study Question: Are genetic effects on endometrial gene expression tissue specific and/or associated with reproductive traits and diseases?

Summary Answer: Analyses of RNA-sequence data and individual genotype data from the endometrium identified novel and disease associated, genetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in the endometrium and showed evidence that these mechanisms are shared across biologically similar tissues.

What Is Known Already: The endometrium is a complex tissue vital for female reproduction and is a hypothesized source of cells initiating endometriosis. Understanding genetic regulation specific to, and shared between, tissue types can aid the identification of genes involved in complex genetic diseases.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Aging functions include mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-to-cell information exchange, protein homeostasis and extracellular matrix dysregulation, which are closely related to chronic inflammatory response and oxidation-antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of COPD. COPD displays distinct inflammaging features, including increased cellular senescence and oxidative stress, stem cell exhaustion, alterations in the extracellular matrix, reduced levels of endogenous anti-inflammaging molecules, and reduced autophagy.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is caused by poor placental development and function early in gestation. It is well known that placentas from women with FGR exhibit reduced cell growth, elevated levels of apoptosis and perturbed expression of the growth factors, cytokines and the homeobox gene family of transcription factors. Previous studies have reported that insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) interacts with its receptor-2 (IGF2R) to regulate villous trophoblast survival and apoptosis.

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An human placental vessel perfusion method to study mesenchymal stem/stromal cell migration.

Stem Cell Investig

January 2019

Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.

Background: To initiate tissue repair, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) must enter the blood stream, migrate to the targeted area, cross the endothelial barrier and home to the damaged tissue. This process is not yet fully understood in humans and thus, the aim of this study was to develop an placental vessel perfusion method to examine human MSC movement from a blood vessel into human tissue. This will provide a better understanding of MSC migration, movement through the endothelial barrier and engraftment into target tissue, in a setting that more closely represents the state, compared with conventional human cell culture models.

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Background: National and international guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are available in developing countries. However, more detailed clinical pathways for primary care settings are limited. This study focuses on Indonesia, where 72% of women who died from HDP and its complications had received less appropriate treatment according to international guidelines.

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Genistein protects against acute pancreatitis via activation of an apoptotic pathway mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

February 2019

Department of Emergency Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China. Electronic address:

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and frequently lethal disorder, but the precise mechanisms are not well understood and there is lack of effective drugs. Therefore, our study examined the in vivo intervention effects of genistein and elucidated its mechanism in acute experimental pancreatitis models. We used cerulein or taurocholate to induce acute pancreatitis (AP) in Sprague-Dawley rats with prior genistein treatment.

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Improved ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells on solubilized acellular fetal membranes.

J Biomed Mater Res A

January 2019

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Coatings produced from extracellular matrixes (ECMs) have emerged as promising surfaces for the improved ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, identifying a readily available source of ECM to generate these coatings is currently the bottleneck of this technology. In this study, we assessed if ECM coatings derived from decellularized fetal membranes were a suitable substrate for MSC expansion.

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Human chorionic villous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells protect endothelial cells from injury induced by high level of glucose.

Stem Cell Res Ther

September 2018

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Mail Code 1515, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from chorionic villi of human term placentae (pMSCs) protect human endothelial cells from injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (HO). In diabetes, elevated levels of glucose (hyperglycaemia) induce HO production, which causes the endothelial dysfunction that underlies the enhanced immune responses and adverse complications associated with diabetes, which leads to thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the ability of pMSCs to protect endothelial cell functions from the negative impact of high level of glucose.

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