The bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid associates with reduced stroke in humans and mice.

Bile acids are liver-derived signaling molecules that can be found in the brain, but their role there remains largely unknown. We found increased brain chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in mice with absent 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1), a bile acid synthesis enzyme. In these Cyp8b1, and in Wt mice administered CDCA, stroke infarct area was reduced.

Testing a Psychological Intervention in Elite Athletes to Alleviate the Psychomotor Consequences of Doping: The Moderating Role of Personality.

This study aimed to evaluate a psychological intervention intended to reduce the psychomotor effects of doping. The research also examined how conscientiousness and emotional stability moderated the intervention's effectiveness. The intervention was developed based on the literature and included two components: biofeedback and mental imagery/rehearsal.

A predicted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated mRNA/miRNA axis contributes to the progression of diabetic liver disease.

Despite public health measures, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still a significant concern worldwide, given its associated complications, including hepatic alterations. The role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in liver fibrosis is well established. However, its effects on the progression of diabetic liver diseases are not well understood.

Septum of the penis - dissection, anatomical description and functional relevance.

Background: The septum of the penis or the pectiniform septum (from Latina pecten) is a connective structure that separates the two corpora cavernosa of the penis. It is formed through the joining of the circular fibers of the tunica albuginea, which envelops the corpora cavernosa. The septum neither completely separates, nor entirely joins the two corpora cavernosa.

A Simple HPLC-DAD Method for the Therapeutic Monitoring of Clozapine and Related Metabolites in Human Plasma and Urine Samples.

Clozapine and its metabolites require close therapeutic monitoring (TDM) in patients due to poor correlation between the administrated doses and resulting plasma concentrations, the narrow therapeutic interval, high inter-individual variability, and the risk of serious side effects once toxic levels are exceeded. The aim of the study was to develop a simple (relatively cheap) LC-UV method for the quantification of clozapine and its metabolites in plasma and urine samples. For sample preparation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in -octanol was more efficient and less limiting in injection volumes compared to the in-situ formation of SUPRAS.

Utility of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis.

One of the most feared complications of arthroplasty surgery is septic loosening. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires an accurate and fast diagnosis, and identification of pathogen microorganisms is essential for successful treatment. While standard bacteriological cultures can identify bacteria in seven to 14 days with sensitivity ranging from 35% to 70% that could further be increased by sonication of the explanted prosthesis, we would like to review a more novel and faster method of PJI detection and bacterial identification.

Isthmocele‑an iatrogenic pathology: A prospective study in a tertiary unit.

Isthmocele, also known as uterine niche, refers to a myometrial defect of the anterior wall of the uterine isthmus, specifically at the site of the previous C-section scar. The prevalence of isthmocele has increased in tandem with the rise in deliveries by caesarean section. Risk factors include aspects related to the surgical procedure.

Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis: The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Development of myocardial fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis precedes left ventricular decompensation and is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis.

Objective: To investigate whether early valve intervention reduced the incidence of all-cause death or unplanned aortic stenosis-related hospitalization in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and myocardial fibrosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, randomized, open-label, masked end point trial was conducted between August 2017 and October 2022 at 24 cardiac centers across the UK and Australia.

Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: A Rare Cause of Quadriparesis in a Young and Seemingly Healthy Patient.

Hypokalemia is a common laboratory finding in hospitalized patients, typically resulting from insufficient potassium intake, renal or gastrointestinal losses, or intracellular shifts. While the underlying cause is often easily identifiable, certain cases present diagnostic challenges, and if left unrecognized, the consequences can be life-threatening. We report a rare and atypical case of severe symptomatic hypokalemia as the initial presentation of newly diagnosed Graves' disease.

Access to Hysterectomy-What Is the Realistic Rate for Pure Vaginal Hysterectomy? A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study.

Hysterectomy (HE) is the most common surgical procedure in gynecology worldwide. The guidelines of most countries unanimously recommend vaginal hysterectomy (VH) as the access of first choice. However, there are significant international differences in the implementation of this recommendation.

Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease-Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement.

Recent studies underscore the role of gut and oral microbiota in influencing neuroinflammation through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, including in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent findings on the involvement of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with AD, emphasizing novel insights and therapeutic implications. This review reveals that dysbiosis in AD patients' gut and oral microbiota is linked to heightened peripheral and central inflammatory responses.

Redox Homeostasis and Molecular Biomarkers in Precision Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases.

Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was carefully explored, delving into the cellular redox status and its critical involvement in the pathophysiological complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review outlines the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and the function of antioxidants in maintaining redox balance.

Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of New Gel Formulations with Cyclodextrin Complexes and Volatile Oils with Antimicrobial Activity.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate hydrogels containing a cyclodextrin complex with clove essential oil and other free volatile oils with antimicrobial properties (tea tree and rosemary essential oils), focusing on their pharmaco-technical and rheological characteristics. The formulations varied in the Carbopol 940 (a hydrophilic polymer) and volatile oils' concentrations. Rheological analysis indicated that the gels displayed pseudoplastic behavior, with the flow index (n) values below 1, ensuring appropriate consistency and handling.

Central nervous system manifestations in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Despite the growing evidence supporting the existence of CNS involvement in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (CNS-GvHD), the characteristics and course of the disease are still largely unknown. In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical, biological, radiological, and histopathological characteristics, as well as the clinical course of 66 patients diagnosed with possible CNS-GvHD (pCNS-GvHD), selected by predetermined diagnostic criteria. Results were then contrasted depending on whether pCNS-GvHD occurred before or after day 100 following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Pulmonary Infarction in a Young Man With Situs Inversus Totalis.

We report the case of a 45-year-old male patient, a smoker, with a known condition of situs inversus totalis (SIT), who was diagnosed with an alveolar consolidation process during a chest imaging examination. Thorough medical investigations, including a surgical lung biopsy, resulted in the diagnosis of pulmonary infarction. The patient's clinical picture began suddenly, with chest pain of a stabbing character on the left side, inspiratory dyspnea, one episode of hemoptysis, fever (40°C), chills, and profuse sweating.