Chlamydia trachomatis Enhances HIV Infection of Non-Activated PBMCs.

Sexual contact is the most common route of HIV transmission, and the concurrent presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as (CT) and (gonococcus, GC) is known to increase the HIV risk. Antibiotic treatment decreases the incidence of STIs but not HIV. CT and GC activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4, which act as sensors of microbial infection are critical for initiating immune responses to control infection.

#EBUSTwitter: Novel Use of Social Media for Conception, Coordination, and Completion of an International, Multicenter Pathology Study.

Context.—: Social media sites are increasingly used for education, networking, and rapid dissemination of medical information, but their utility for facilitating research has remained largely untapped.

Objective.

An Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells.

The seeming setbacks noted for stem cells underscore the need for experimental studies for safe and efficacious application to patients. Both clinical and experimental researchers have gained valuable knowledge on the characteristics of stem cells, and their behavior in different microenvironment. This introductory chapter focuses on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on the predominance in the clinic.

Advice for my chief resident.

I have been privileged to have served as a division of rheumatology chief and/or program director for 18 years and as a department of medicine chair and medicine residency program director for another 22 years. During the latter, I collected and codified advice for my chief residents. Selected highlights are presented as follows.

Who Gets Testosterone? Patient Characteristics Associated with Testosterone Prescribing in the Veteran Affairs System: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: There has been concern about the growing off-label use of testosterone. Understanding the context within which testosterone is prescribed may contribute to interventions to improve prescribing.

Objective: To evaluate patient characteristics associated with receipt of testosterone.

Malpractice suits in chest radiology: an evaluation of the histories of 8265 radiologists.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present rates of claims, causes of error, percentage of cases resulting in a judgment, and average payments made by radiologists in chest-related malpractice cases in a survey of 8265 radiologists.

Materials And Methods: The malpractice histories of 8265 radiologists were evaluated from the credentialing files of One-Call Medical Inc., a preferred provider organization for computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in workers' compensation cases.

Tendinopathy: a review of the pathophysiology and evidence for treatment.

The understanding of tendinopathy has evolved over the past several decades. Initially thought to be a primarily inflammatory process, histologic evaluation has revealed that there is an absence of inflammatory cells, and rather, tendinopathy is more of a degenerative process. Various types of medications, rehabilitation, modalities, injections, and minimally invasive procedures have been described as treatment for this condition.

Intimate partner violence: IPV in the LGBT community.

Nationally, the rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) individuals are similar to or greater than rates for heterosexuals. Many have experienced psychological and physical abuse as sexual minorities, making it difficult for them to seek help for IPV. Physician behavior, such as not assuming that all patients are heterosexual, being nonjudgmental, and using inclusive language, can empower LGBT patients to disclose IPV.

Intimate partner violence: childhood exposure to domestic violence.

Children who are exposed to domestic violence (DV) may experience many short- and long-term negative effects. They are up to 3.8 times more likely to become perpetrators or victims in adulthood than are children not exposed to DV.

Intimate partner violence: counseling, community resources, and legal issues for IPV victims and perpetrators.

The family physician's office is a potentially safe place to discuss intimate partner violence (IPV). RADAR (Remember to ask routinely, Ask directly [in private], Document findings, Assess safety, Review options) is a tool for identifying and responding to IPV. Physicians should ask permission to document abuse, consider using a body map, and ensure confidentiality.

Intimate partner violence: office screening for victims and perpetrators of IPV.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects more than 12 million individuals annually. Power and control are central concepts underlying abusive relationships. Physicians may see IPV victims, perpetrators, and their children for annual examinations, as well as for injuries and health conditions associated with abuse.

Does recombinant factor XIII eliminate early manifestations of multiple-organ injury after experimental burn similarly to gut ischemia-reperfusion injury or trauma-hemorrhagic shock?

The authors have previously shown that recombinant factor XIII (rFXIII) eliminates early manifestations of multiple-organ injury caused by experimental superior mesenteric artery occlusion or trauma-hemorrhagic shock. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that rFXIII provides similar protective effect in experimental burn injury. Rats were randomly divided into five groups (eight animals per group): group 1: burn + placebo treatment; group 2: burn + rFXIII pretreatment; group 3: burn + rFXIII treatment; group 4: sham burn + placebo treatment, and group 5: sham burn + rFXIII treatment.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III chemoprevention trial of selenium supplementation in patients with resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: ECOG 5597.

Purpose: Selenium has been reported to have chemopreventive benefits in lung cancer. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving selenium supplementation.

Patients And Methods: Patients with completely resected stage I NSCLC were randomly assigned to take selenized yeast 200 μg versus placebo daily for 48 months.

Rhinology fellowship training and its scholarly impact.

Background: Previous examination of the impact of fellowship training on scholarly productivity among otolaryngologists found that head and neck surgeons and otologists had a higher mean h-index than fellowship-trained rhinologists. Because fellowship training in rhinology is a historically newer trend, the objectives of the present analysis were to further characterize research productivity among fellowship-trained academic rhinologists, including geographic and temporal trends, to gain insight into the future direction of scholarly pursuits within the field.

Methods: Fellowship-trained rhinologists in academic practices were identified from the American Rhinologic Society online listings and organized by academic rank, number of years in practice, location, and h-index, as calculated using the Scopus database.

Spinal-related malpractice suits against radiologists in the USA-rates, anatomic location, percent of adverse judgments, and average payments.

To present overall rates, anatomic location, percent of adverse settlements to the radiologists, and average payments to the plaintiff in spinal-related malpractice suits in a survey of 8,265 radiologists. The malpractice histories of 8,265 radiologists from 36 states were evaluated from credentialing data required of all radiologists participating in the network of One Call Medical Incorporated, a broker for CT/MR in workmen's compensation cases. Two hundred twenty-six of the 8,265 radiologists (31.

Uncovering malpractice in appendectomies: a review of 234 cases.

Background: General surgery is a "high-risk specialty" with respect to medical malpractice rates, and appendicitis is one of the most common diagnoses encountered by practitioners. Our objectives were to detail issues affecting malpractice litigation regarding appendicitis and appendectomies, including outcomes, awards, alleged causes of malpractice, and other factors instrumental in determining legal responsibility and increasing patient safety.

Study Design: Publically available federal and state court records were examined for pertinent jury verdict and settlement reports.

Neuro-ophthalmological Complications of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) can lead to prominent nerve hypertrophy, which can mimic other forms of neuropathy radiologically. Neuro-ophthalmological complications can also occur in CIDP, either at presentation or chronically in the disorder. This can also cause diagnostic difficulties.

Call-Fleming syndrome: headache in a 16-year-old girl.

Background: Call-Fleming syndrome, also known as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, is an important cause of severe headache characterized by segmental constriction of cerebral arteries in multiple vascular distributions. It is commonly described in adults, with a female predominance.

Patient: We report a case of a 16-year-old girl with history of anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and migraines on several medications presenting with 2 weeks of worsening headaches.

Human umbilical-cord-blood mononucleated cells enhance the survival of lethally irradiated mice: dosage and the window of time.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the window of time and dose of human umbilical-cord-blood (HUCB) mononucleated cells necessary for successful treatment of radiation injury in mice. Female A/J mice (27-30 weeks old) were exposed to an absorbed dose of 9-10 Gy of (137)Cs γ-rays delivered acutely to the whole body. They were treated either with 1 × 10(8) or 2 × 10(8) HUCB mononucleated cells at 24-52 h after the irradiation.

Epidemiology of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of 4994 patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine the incidence and survival of patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) between the years of 1973 and 2009 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using a national database.

Methods: The SEER registry was utilized to calculate incidence and survival trends for patients with SNSCC between 1973 and 2009.

Incidence trends and long-term survival analysis of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: Sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS) is a rare malignancy which often presents with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and epistaxis. It is the most common sarcoma in children. In this study, we analyze the incidence and long-term survival for SNRMS using a national population-based database.

The modest beginnings of one genome project.

One of the top things on a geneticist's wish list has to be a set of mutants for every gene in their particular organism. Such a set was produced for the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae near the end of the 20th century by a consortium of yeast geneticists. However, the functional genomic analysis of one chromosome, its smallest, had already begun more than 25 years earlier as a project that was designed to define most or all of that chromosome's essential genes by temperature-sensitive lethal mutations.