Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO): 2017 update of the evidence-based guidelines from the world society of emergency surgery ASBO working group.

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common surgical emergency, causing high morbidity and even some mortality. The adhesions causing such bowel obstructions are typically the footprints of previous abdominal surgical procedures. The present paper presents a revised version of the Bologna guidelines to evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of ASBO.

Impact of social factors on the quality of life of patients with refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: To assess the impact of social factors on the quality of life of Bulgarian patients with refractory epilepsy.

Case Report: We have studied 70 patients with refractory epilepsy (RE) and 70 patients with pharmacosensitive epilepsy. All of them were between 18 and 65 years of age, without cognitive decline, progressive somatic or neurological disease or recent seizures.

Impact of stigma on the quality of life of patients with refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: To assess the impact of perceived stigma on the quality of life of Bulgarian patients with refractory epilepsy.

Methods: We studied 70 adult patients with refractory epilepsy, without cognitive impairment, progressive somatic, neurological disease or recent seizures, and 70 patients with pharmacosensitive epilepsy. All participants completed a 3-item stigma scale, the patients with refractory epilepsy also completed a Health Related Quality of Life measure (the QOLIE-89).

Partial relaxation of diaphragm and lung function parameters.

The present study investigates the effect of partial relaxation of diaphragm on the lung functions in the absence of active lung and neuromuscular disorders. Comprehensive functional tests of the breathing was performed on 22 subjects with partial relaxation of the diaphragm (elevated hemidiaphragm) found during an X-ray study on the occasion of gastrointestinal disorder. On the basis of the results of two group of patients, one with ventilatory disorders (n = 9-4 men and 5 women) and another with normal lung ventilation (n = 13-7 men and 6 women) the conclusion was drawn that in the absence of additional pathology the partial relaxation of the diaphragm does not causes any changes in the lung function parameters with the exception of the tendency towards low values of the parameters for the respiratory muscle strength (PImax and PEmax).