Simplifying acquisition of essential diagnostics: A comprehensive costing tool for anatomic pathology.

Objectives: Histopathology is the core diagnostic tool for cancer in pathology laboratories around the world, but there are disparities in access to diagnostics globally. As recognition of the need for cancer care and treatment grows, especially in the wake of World Health Organization programs for cervical, breast, and pediatric cancers, policymakers and health care funders are seeking tools and processes that allow for the largest number of patients to receive a diagnosis at the lowest cost.

Methods: As histopathology represents the most cost-effective diagnostic method by sheer number of tumor types and volume, understanding the detailed logistics and costs for histology as well as the impactful benefits of economies of scale (ie, larger volumes are less expensive per patient) and scope (ie, the multiple stains available after basic histology sectioning) is paramount to planning an effective publicly funded or government laboratory.

Determinants and outcomes of preterm births in Nigerian tertiary facilities.

Objective: To describe the incidence, and sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with preterm birth and perinatal mortality in Nigeria.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected through the Maternal Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity (MPD-4-QED) Programme.

Setting: Data from births in 54 referral-level hospitals across Nigeria between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020.

Exposure to Meta-Analysis During Graduate and Postgraduate Trainings Predicts the Good Knowledge and Use of Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analyses Among Nigerian Physiotherapists.

Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for physiotherapy as an integral part of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are the gold standard in the hierarchy of evidence. However, the extent of knowledge, attitudes, and professional use of RCTs and meta-analyses among physiotherapists in Nigeria remains unclear.

Burden and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage in Nigerian referral-level hospitals.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), risk factors, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in a multicentre study across Nigeria.

Design: A secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional design.

Setting: Referral-level hospitals (48 public and six private facilities).

Unveiling the strong positive relationship: Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes in the Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty (BOLD) study - a secondary analysis validating neonatal near miss classification.

Background: The near miss concept, denoting near collisions between aircraft, originated in aeronautics, but has recently been transferred to the neonatal context as a way of evaluating the quality of health services for newborns, especially in settings with reduced child mortality. However, there is yet no consensus regarding the underlying criteria. The most common indicators used to assess health care quality include mortality (maternal and neonatal) and life-threatening conditions.

Blood donation practices, processing and utilisation of blood components in government tertiary hospitals in Nigeria: a multicentre cooperative study.

Background: Timely access to safe blood and blood components is still a challenge in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine blood donation practices, processing and utilization of blood components across government tertiary hospitals (THs) in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Nigeria in June-July 2020.

Cardiovascular risk factors and kidney function among automobile mechanic and their association with serum heavy metals in Southwest Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is huge due to its associated morbidity, mortality and adverse socio-economic impact. Environmental pollution as a risk factor contributes significantly to the burden of CVD, especially in the low and middle income countries. One of the effective strategies to reduce CVD burden is to prevent or detect cardiovascular risk factors early in at-risk population.

Profiles and Outcomes of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the United States.

Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes both in the United States and globally. As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, the incidence of GDM is anticipated to increase as well. Despite the significant impact of GDM on maternal and neonatal health, research examining the independent associations between GDM and adverse outcomes remains limited in the U.

Comparing observed occurrence of mistreatment during childbirth with women's self-report: a validation study in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria.

Background: There has been substantial progress in developing approaches to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth. However, less is known about the differences in measurement approaches. In this study, we compare measures of mistreatment obtained from the same women using labour observations and community-based surveys in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria.

Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories, Level of Trust in Government Information, and Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccines Among Health Care Workers in Nigeria: Survey Study.

Background: The World Health Organization recently declared vaccine hesitancy or refusal as a threat to global health. COVID-19 vaccines have been proven efficacious and are central to combatting the pandemic. However, many-including skilled health care workers (HCWs)-have been hesitant in taking the vaccines.

Determinants of Interest in Nephrology Career Choice among Internal Medicine Junior Residents in Nigeria.

Introduction: There has been decreased interest in postgraduate nephrology training over the years. This trend could worsen the shortage of nephrologists and inability to meet the health needs of patients with kidney diseases if not urgently addressed.

Aim: To determine interest in and determinants of nephrology career choice among junior internal medicine residents in Nigeria.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: the high expectations that heralded the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been plagued with vaccine hesitancy (VH). The prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 VH in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria are explored.

Methods: using a cross sectional survey, a pre-tested and validated questionnaire on a "Google form" was distributed via social media platforms and hard copies in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.

Pre-Caesarean Section Vaginal Preparation with Chlorhexidine Solution in Preventing Puerperal Infectious Morbidities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Globally, peripartum or puerperal infections account for about one tenth of maternal mortality, most of which occur in low income countries. Therefore, vaginal preparation with an antiseptic prior to a caesarean delivery could be considered an additional measure to prevent subsequent infectious morbidities.

Objectives: To evaluate vaginal preparation with 0.

Adolescent experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in health facilities: secondary analysis of a community-based survey in four countries.

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbearing among adolescents-especially younger adolescents-is associated with health complications and lost opportunities for education and personal development. In addition to established challenges adolescents and young women face in sexual and reproductive healthcare, evidence suggests that they also face mistreatment during childbirth.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the WHO study 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth' cross-sectional community survey in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria.

Prevalence of sickle cell trait and its association to renal dysfunction among blood donors at University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo, Nigeria.

Introduction: Prospective blood donors are routinely screened for blood borne infections but medical illnesses and haemoglobin genotype are overlooked despite a high prevalence of haemoglobin AS among Nigerian donors.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of haemoglobin AS and its association to renal function, if any.

Method: Apparently healthy donors were studied between February and December 2018.

Covid-19 pandemic: chronicle of responses and experiences of the infection prevention and control committee at a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria.

Since the advent of 2019-Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria in February 2020, the number of confirmed cases has risen astronomically to over 61,307 cases within 8 months with more than 812 healthcare workers infected and some recorded deaths within their ranks. Infection prevention and control is a key component in ensuring safety of healthcare workers in the hospital as healthcare-associated infection is one of the most common complications of healthcare management. Unbridled transmission of infection can lead to shortage of healthcare personnel, reduced system efficiency, increased morbidity and mortality among patients and in some instances, total collapse of healthcare delivery services.

A multicenter prospective study of early gestational diabetes mellitus: Rates, severity, and risk factors based on IADPSG-defined fasting glycemia.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) defined fasting glycemia.

Methods: A prospective multicenter study testing fasting venous plasma glucose (FPG) in women aged 18-45 years between 6 and 23 weeks of pregnancy in secondary health facilities in Ondo State, Nigeria. Early GDM was defined using the IADPSG threshold for fasting hyperglycemia, and its severity was examined.

Self medication practices and its determinants in health care professionals during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: cross-sectional study.

Background The exposure of health care professionals (HCP) to patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the course of performing their professional duties may expose them to contracting the virus. This may likely increase their tendency to self-medicate for prevention or treatment of perceived infection. Aim This study determined the prevalence of COVID-19 related self-medication and its determinants among HCPs in three tertiary hospitals in Southern Nigeria.

Vaginal examinations and mistreatment of women during facility-based childbirth in health facilities: secondary analysis of labour observations in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria.

Background: Previous research on mistreatment of women during childbirth has focused on physical and verbal abuse, neglect and stigmatisation. However, other manifestations of mistreatment, such as during vaginal examinations, are relatively underexplored. This study explores four types of mistreatment of women during vaginal examinations: (1) non-consented care, (2) sharing of private information, (3) exposure of genitalia and (4) exposure of breasts.

Persistent Hypertension Up to One Year Postpartum among Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in a Low-Resource Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are associated with lifelong cardiovascular disease risk. Persistent postpartum hypertension in HDPs could suggest progression to chronic hypertension. This phenomenon has not been well examined in low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs), and most previous follow-ups typically last for maximally six weeks postpartum.

The Indications and Findings at Colonoscopy in a Tertiary Hospital in North-Central Nigeria: A Seven-Year Review.

Background: Colonoscopy is an invaluable tool used in the diagnosis of colorectal diseases. It is also useful in the prevention and treatment of some of these diseases. The knowledge of the prevailing colorectal diseases is key to planning for prevention.

Repression of HDAC5 by acetate restores hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90-95 % of worldwide diabetes cases and is primarily characterized by insulin resistance. Its progression as a chronic metabolic disease has been largely associated with female reproductive abnormalities, including ovarian dysfunction with consequent infertility. Epigenetic modifications have been suggested as a possible link to metabolic comorbidities.