Armodafinil as Monotherapy in Treating Narcolepsy with Cataplexy.

In narcolepsy with cataplexy, sodium oxybate and the recently FDA-approved drug pitolisant are preferred medications. Armodafinil, a longer-acting, non-amphetamine stimulant, is often used in patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy. It enhances alertness by increasing presynaptic dopamine transmission presynaptically, amplifying serotonin in the cerebral cortex, activating glutamatergic circuits, which may contribute to its vigilance-enhancing properties, and stimulating orexin activity.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Long-Term Outcomes among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder at Opioid Treatment Programs.

Objectives: Racial and ethnic differences in long-term outcomes associated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are poorly understood.

Methods: The present analyses were based on 751 participants with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were initially recruited from opioid treatment programs located in California, Connecticut, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington and participated in a randomized controlled trial and at least one follow-up interview. 9.

Polymer-siRNA nanovectors for treating lung inflammation.

Uncontrolled inflammation is the driver of numerous lung diseases. Current treatments, including corticosteroids and bronchodilators, can be effective. However, they often come with notable side effects.

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒ), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification.

Oral administration of ethinyl estradiol and the brain-selective estrogen prodrug DHED in a female common marmoset model of menopause: Effects on cognition, thermoregulation, and sleep.

Menopausal symptoms of sleep disturbances, cognitive deficits, and hot flashes are understudied, in part due to the lack of animal models in which they co-occur. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are valuable nonhuman primates for studying these symptoms, and we examined changes in cognition (reversal learning), sleep (48 h/wk of sleep recorded by telemetry), and thermoregulation (nose temperature in response to mild external warming) in middle-aged, surgically-induced menopausal marmosets studied at baseline, during 3-week phases of ethinyl estradiol (EE, 4 μg/kg/day, p.o.

Force-Responsive Delivery of Anticancer Drugs via a DNA Mechanical Nanovehicle.

Cellular mechanical dysregulation can lead to diseases and conditions like tumorigenesis. Drug delivery systems that recognize and respond to specific cellular mechanical characteristics are potentially useful for targeted therapy. We report here the creation of a DNA mechanical nanovehicle that is responsive to cell surface receptor-mediated tensile forces, which can then correspondingly deliver an anticancer drug in situ.

A Working Memory Model of Sentence Processing as Binding Morphemes to Syntactic Positions.

As they process complex linguistic input, language comprehenders must maintain a mapping between lexical items (e.g., morphemes) and their syntactic position in the sentence.

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β Inhibition on Ureteral and Renal Scarring in a Rat Model of Upper Urinary Tract Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation.

Objective: To determine whether adjuvant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibition with pirfenidone (PFD) can mitigate ureteral wall scarring and related complications in a rat model of upper urinary tract ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE).

Methods: Transmural ablation of the ureter was performed with IRE in 24 rats. Post-IRE, animals were randomly assigned to receive PFD or no drug, followed by euthanasia at 2-, 5-, or 10-days.

State-Level Structural Racism and Children's Dental Care Access and Oral Health.

Introduction: Black children in the United States have lower rates of dental visits and higher rates of poor oral health. However, few studies have examined the role of structural racism as a contributor to racial gaps in children's oral health. This study assessed associations between state-level structural racism and oral health outcomes of children and the related Black-White disparities.

Cationic conjugated polymers with tunable hydrophobicity for efficient treatment of multidrug-resistant wound biofilm infections.

Biofilm-associated infections arising from antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a critical challenge to global health. We report the generation of a library of cationic conjugated poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) polymers featuring trimethylammonium terminated sidechains with tunable hydrophobicity. Screening of the library identified an amphiphilic polymer with a C hydrophobic spacer as the polymer with the highest antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms in the dark with excellent selectivity.

Chilean brush-tailed mouse (): a diurnal precocial rodent as a new model to study visual receptive field properties of superior colliculus neurons.

Lab rodent species commonly used to study the visual system and its development (hamsters, rats, and mice) are crepuscular/nocturnal, altricial, and possess simpler visual systems than carnivores and primates. To widen the spectra of studied species, here we introduce an alternative model, the Chilean degu (). This diurnal, precocial Caviomorph rodent has a cone-enriched, well-structured retina, and well-developed central visual projections.

DNA damage causes ATM-dependent heterochromatin loss leading to nuclear softening, blebbing, and rupture.

The nucleus must maintain stiffness to preserve its shape and integrity to ensure proper function. Defects in nuclear stiffness caused from chromatin and lamin perturbations produce abnormal nuclear shapes common in aging, heart disease, and cancer. Loss of nuclear shape via protrusions called blebs lead to nuclear rupture that is well-established to cause nuclear dysfunction, including DNA damage.

What Can we Learn About Human Nature from Interacting with Strangers? Relationship Type Determines Behavior in the Dictator Game.

Behavioral decision-making research has been exceptionally useful in the quest of the social sciences to understand human nature. A frequent assumption of this research is that using strangers as anonymous interaction partners allows for the clearest demonstration of human nature. But a diverse array of literature - from social and clinical psychology to ethology - suggests that a stranger is far from a "baseline partner.

Exploring Black Birthing Experiences: A Systematic Review and Social-Ecological Analysis of Disparities in the United States.

Background: Black birthing people in the United States face disproportionately high risks and adverse experiences during childbirth compared to their White counterparts. These challenges are shaped by a complex interplay of factors across individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels.

Objective: This systematic review explores the lived experiences of Black birthing people in the United States, using the Social Ecological Model to identify and analyze factors contributing to disparities in Black birthing health experiences.

E-cigarette (EC) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use in the United Arab Emirates, an emerging EC and HTP market: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) UAE Survey.

Introduction: E-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are recent arrivals to the nicotine product market in the Middle East, which are rapidly growing in popularity in the region. There is a lack of surveillance data at the country-level on use of these products and factors associated with their use.

Methods: This study analyzed a subset of data from the UAE Healthy Future Study, a population-based cohort study of the Emirati population, to determine the factors associated with EC and HTP use among a sample of Emirati adults (≥ 18 years).

Social Determinants of Quality of Life in the Last Year of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Multimorbidity.

Quality of life (QOL) at the end of life often declines in relation to various determinants, yet the role of social determinants, including social capital, in end-of-life care is frequently overlooked. This study aims to examine the association between social determinants and QOL in the last year of life and to test the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between social determinants and QOL among older adults with multimorbidity (MM). We used secondary data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) in Rounds 10 and 11, involving 3,085 adults aged 65 and older.

An update of a systematic review and meta-analyses exploring flavours in intervention studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Aims: To determine patterns of e-cigarette flavour use (sweet, tobacco, menthol/mint) in interventional studies of e-cigarettes for stopping smoking, and to estimate associations between flavours and smoking/vaping outcomes.

Methods: Update of secondary data analyses, including meta-analyses subgrouped by flavour provision and narrative syntheses, incorporating data from January 2004 to February 2024. Eligible studies were identified from a Cochrane review.

Polyelectrolyte-Carbon Dot Complex Coacervation.

This Letter presents complex coacervation between the biopolymer diethylaminoethyl dextran hydrochloride (DEAE-Dex) and carbon dots. The formation of these coacervates was dependent on both DEAE-Dex concentration and solution ionic strength. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the blue fluorescence of the carbon dots was unaffected by coacervation.

Investigation of the interaction mechanism of citrus pectin-polyphenol-protein complex.

Citrus pectin is an anionic polysaccharide in citrus, which may improve the stability of citrus juices. This study investigated the influence of citrus pectin on the stability of protein-polyphenol complexes in the citrus juice model system and its interaction mechanism by multispectral and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the citrus pectin-proanthocyanidin-zein complex improved the model citrus juices' cloud and thermal stability.

Optimization of Polyelectrolyte Coacervate Membranes via Aqueous Phase Separation.

Polymeric membranes fabricated via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation process rely heavily on toxic aprotic organic solvents, like -methyl-pyrrolidine (NMP) and dimethylformamide. We suggest that the "saloplastic" nature of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) makes them an excellent candidate for fabricating next-generation water purification membranes that use a more sustainable aqueous phase separation process. In this study, we investigate how the properties of PECs and their interactions with salt can form pore-containing membranes from the strong polyelectrolytes poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) in the presence of potassium bromide (KBr).

"1-800-Help-Me-With-Open-Science-Stuff": A Qualitative Examination of Open Science Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) assistant professors in the United States related to barriers and facilitators to engaging in open science practices and identify opportunities for improving open science training and support in the field.

Method: Thirty-five assistant professors (16 from very high research activity [R1] institutions, 19 from institutions with other Carnegie classifications) participated in one 1-hr virtual focus group conducted via Zoom recording technology. The researchers used a conventional content analysis approach to analyze the focus group data and develop categories from the discussions.

Data science shows that entropy correlates with accelerated zeolite crystallization in Monte Carlo simulations.

We have performed a data science study of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation trajectories to understand factors that can accelerate the formation of zeolite nanoporous crystals, a process that can take days or even weeks. In previous work, MC simulations predicted and experiments confirmed that using a secondary organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) accelerates the crystallization of all-silica LTA zeolite, with experiments finding a three-fold speedup [Bores et al., Phys.

Generics and Quantified Generalizations: Asymmetry Effects and Strategic Communicators.

Generic statements ('Tigers have stripes') are pervasive and developmentally early-emerging modes of generalization with a distinctive linguistic profile. Previous experimental work suggests that generics display a unique asymmetry between the prevalence levels required to accept them and the prevalence levels typically implied by their use. This asymmetry effect is thought to have serious social consequences: if speakers use socially problematic generics based on prevalence levels that are systematically lower than what is typically inferred by their recipients, then using generics will likely exacerbate social stereotypes and biases.