3,188 results match your criteria: "University of Massachusetts-Boston[Affiliation]"

Purpose in life is an aspect of well-being associated with less subjective stress. The present research sought to expand this literature by testing the association between both dispositional and momentary purpose with stress in daily life using a micro-longitudinal study design. Participants (N = 303) reported their dispositional purpose at baseline and reported their momentary purpose and stress three times a day for 8 days.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Asian American caregivers supporting loved ones with dementia experience greater burden and more stress than other racial/ethnic groups, warranting the need for more culturally and linguistically appropriate formal support, such as in nursing homes. Transitioning loved ones into nursing homes with dementia care units is a complex process that can be impacted by a multitude of factors. Employing several established frameworks, including the socioecological model, this qualitative study will focus on the largest Asian American subgroup (people of Chinese descent) and explore the experience of family caregivers as they support the transition of their loved ones with dementia into nursing homes in the USA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Many countries are creating clinical practice guidelines for psychotherapy, primarily based on quantitative research, while there's a growing interest in incorporating qualitative research findings.
  • A group of 19 qualitative psychotherapy researchers from 10 countries highlights the benefits of including qualitative data, which can enhance guidelines by focusing on aspects like therapist-client dynamics and cultural contexts.
  • The report suggests systemic recommendations for guideline development processes and offers methodological advice to effectively integrate qualitative research in crafting more responsive therapy guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Armed conflict and forced migration (ACFM) represent a set of extreme environments that are increasingly common for children and adolescents to experience. Adolescence may constitute a sensitive period (puberty and psychoneurological maturation) through which ACFM adversity leaves a lasting mark. Adolescence has become a focal point for analysis and intervention as it relates to the effects of early life adversity on puberty, linear growth, and mental health.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Radical-Mediated Trifunctionalization Reactions.

Molecules

July 2024

Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.

Synthetic radicals have intrinsic power for cascading and multifunctional reactions to construct diverse molecular scaffolds. In the previous review series, we covered 1,2-difunctionalizations, remote 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-difunctionalizations, addition followed by cyclization reactions, and cycloaddition-initiated difunctionalizations. Presented in this paper are radical addition-initiated trifunctionalization reactions of alkenes, alkynes, and their derivatives.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

GSLs are the major glycolipids in vertebrates and mediate many key biological processes from intercellular recognition to regulation of signal transduction. The fast-expanding field of glycobiology has led to a growing demand for diverse and structurally defined GSLs, and enzymatic GSL synthesis is developing rapidly in accordance. This article provides an overview of natural GSL biosynthetic pathways and surveys the bacterial enzymes applied to GSL synthesis and recent progress in synthesis strategies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Infectious disease outbreaks present ongoing and substantial challenges to health systems at local, national, and global levels, testing their preparedness, response capabilities, and resilience. This study aimed to identify and analyze critical health system-level factors that influence infection outbreaks, focusing on the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Conducted as a secondary data analysis, this study utilized national datasets from Korea.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In a typical undergraduate biology curriculum, students do not dive into research until they first wade through large amounts of content. Biology courses in the first few years of the college curriculum tend to be lecture-based and exam-based courses. As a result, science students are mainly exposed to content knowledge-not the skills scientists practice daily.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic required behavioral researchers to rapidly pivot to the implementation of remote study protocols to facilitate data collection. Remote implementation required robust and flexible research protocols including reliable audio/visual technology that met all the quality, security, and privacy hallmarks of lab-based equipment, while also being portable and usable by nontechnical staff and participants. The project's primary purpose was to develop a technology kit that could be deployed for data collection in homes with young children.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Xylazine, a veterinary sedative, has emerged as a concerning element in the landscape of substance use in the United States. This integrative review synthesizes evidence from a systematic examination of 14 selected studies conducted between 2008 and 2023. The primary objective is to comprehensively understand the epidemiology and prevalence of xylazine use, particularly its involvement in drug-related deaths, regional variations, national impact, co-occurrence with opioids, and challenges associated with detection and intervention.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Habitat fragmentation can negatively impact wildlife populations by simplification of ecological interactions, but little is known about how these impacts extend to host-associated symbiotic communities. The symbiotic communities of amphibians play important roles in anti-pathogen defences, particularly against the amphibian chytrid fungus (). In this study, we analyse the role of macroparasitic helminth communities in concert with microbial communities in defending the host against infection within the context of forest fragmentation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Aims: Freshwater nitrogen inputs are increasing globally, altering the structure and function of wetland ecosystems adapted to low nutrient conditions. Carnivorous wetland plants of the genus Utricularia are hypothesized to reduce their reliance on carnivory and increase their assimilation of environmental nutrients when the supply of ambient nutrients increases. Despite success in using stable isotope approaches to quantify carnivory of terrestrial carnivorous plants, quantifying carnivory of aquatic Utricularia requires improvement.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This study examined the longer-term individual- and school-level changes in students 7 months after a 1-hour delay in school start time (SST). Two cohorts of grade 11 students (N = 227; 60.8% female, age = 17.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the effects of specialized inpatient trauma treatment on individuals with complex psychological trauma and dissociative disorders, focusing on their adaptive functioning, emotion regulation, and dissociation.
  • Data from 54 inpatient patients showed significant improvements in adaptive functioning and emotion regulation after treatment, with large effect sizes indicating notable progress.
  • The research concludes that targeted inpatient treatment can effectively enhance outcomes for patients with complex posttraumatic and dissociative symptoms, highlighting the need for proper screening and symptom-specific care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

College Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities' Experiences, Conception, and Development of Emotional Wellness.

Intellect Dev Disabil

August 2024

Alexander M. Fields, Florida Atlantic University; Olivia Lewis, Department of Counselor, Adult, and Higher Education, Oregon State University; Madeline Castle, Mississippi State University; Rebecca B. Smith-Hill, Department of Educational Studies, University of South Carolina; and Chelsea V. Stinnett, Institute for Community Inclusion, University of Massachusetts Boston.

This study aimed to understand the ways in which college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience and develop their understanding of emotions and emotional wellness. Semi-structured interviews with college students with IDD were conducted. The research team utilized consensual qualitative research (CQR) to analyze interviews and came to consensus in generating domains, core ideas, and a cross-analysis to answer the research question, "What are the experiences of college students with IDD in developing an understanding of emotions and emotional wellness?" Findings suggest college students with IDD have experience developing and maintaining their emotional wellness, though they may experience barriers prior to and during college enrollment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

New Technologies for Monitoring Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics.

Ann Rev Mar Sci

July 2024

2Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.

In recent years, our view of coastal ecosystems has expanded and come into greater focus. We are currently making more types of observations over larger areas and at higher frequencies than ever before. These advances are timely, as coastal ecosystems are facing increasing pressures from climate change and anthropogenic stressors.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This brief report describes findings from a single case withdrawal design study which explored the impact of training and emailed video prompts to promote a teacher's implementation of a culturally responsive teaching plan in a therapeutic school. Data collectors gathered implementation data as well as observed students' academic engagement and disruptive behavior. The teacher also provided self-report data regarding student outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This paper investigates the demographic and socio-economic correlates of dietary patterns in South Africa, drawing on a sample of young adults experiencing internal migration and urbanisation. We use data from the 2018 baseline survey of the Migrant Health Follow-Up Study, an original longitudinal cohort study consisting of 3,087 internal migrants and rural residents aged 18-40 nested within the Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System in rural northeast South Africa. We employ principal components analysis to identify dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires and ordinary least squares regression to assess whether migration and other socio-economic characteristics correlate with specific dietary patterns at baseline.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rapid diagnostics are critical infectious disease tools that are designed to detect a known biomarker using antibodies specific to that biomarker. However, a way to detect unknown disease variants has not yet been achieved in a paper test format. We describe here a route to make an adaptable paper immunoassay that can detect an unknown biomarker, demonstrating it on SARS-CoV-2 variants.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

An unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been recognized as one of the biggest challenges to commercializing silicon (Si) anodes for high-energy-density batteries. This work thoroughly investigates a binary cation matrix of Mg+Li electrolyte and its role in SEI development, suppression, and evolution of a Si anode. Findings demonstrate that introducing Mg ions dramatically reduces the SEI growth before lithiation occurs, primarily due to the suppression of solvent reduction, particularly ethylene carbonate (EC) reduction.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Toward AI-driven neuroepigenetic imaging biomarker for alcohol use disorder: A proof-of-concept study.

iScience

July 2024

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a disorder of clinical and public health significance requiring novel and improved therapeutic solutions. Both environmental and genetic factors play a significant role in its pathophysiology. However, the underlying epigenetic molecular mechanisms that link the gene-environment interaction in AUD remain largely unknown.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This study evaluated the impact of a direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing video designed to educate the public about patients' rights to evidence-based mental health care (EBMHC). Participants ( N = 632) were randomly assigned to an active DTC video condition, a control video condition, or a control condition without a video. Participants who watched the DTC video ( vs .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Significance: In in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM), twin-image artifacts pose a significant challenge, and reduction or complete elimination is essential for object reconstruction.

Aim: To facilitate object reconstruction using a single hologram, significantly reduce inaccuracies, and avoid iterative processing, a digital holographic reconstruction algorithm called phase-support constraint on phase-only function (PCOF) is presented.

Approach: In-line DHM simulations and tabletop experiments employing the sliding-window approach are used to compute the arithmetic mean and variance of the phase values in the reconstructed image.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The varied perspectives of organisational effectiveness: What's at stake for early childhood development programmes in Rwanda?

Glob Public Health

January 2024

Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security & Global Governance, McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.

Within global health and development, dissatisfaction with nongovernmental organisations' effectiveness (NGOs) is an increasingly pervasive aspect of programming. Today, the international community no longer accepts that NGOs are doing what they claim. This change in expectations has emphasised the importance of measuring organisational effectiveness for improved health and development impact.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF