7 results match your criteria: "University of Massachusetts Medical Schoolgrid.168645.8[Affiliation]"

Longitudinal microbiome data sets are being generated with increasing regularity, and there is broad recognition that these studies are critical for unlocking the mechanisms through which the microbiome impacts human health and disease. However, there is a dearth of computational tools for analyzing microbiome time-series data. To address this gap, we developed an open-source software package, Microbiome Differentiable Interpretable Temporal Rule Engine (MDITRE), which implements a new highly efficient method leveraging deep-learning technologies to derive human-interpretable rules that predict host status from longitudinal microbiome data.

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Cell wall peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric mesh that protects the bacterium from internal turgor and external insults. In many rod-shaped bacteria, peptidoglycan synthesis for normal growth is achieved by two distinct pathways: the Rod complex, comprised of MreB, RodA, and a cognate class B penicillin-binding protein (PBP), and the class A PBPs (aPBPs). In contrast to laterally growing bacteria, pole-growing mycobacteria do not encode an MreB homolog and do not require SEDS protein RodA for growth.

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Article Synopsis
  • Genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) influences infection outcomes and public health interventions like vaccination, with certain strains showing traits such as hypervirulence and vaccine escape.
  • A study used a molecular barcoding strategy to analyze growth dynamics of diverse M. tuberculosis strains in a mouse model, revealing that the mL2 sublineage exhibits unique growth patterns and resistance to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine protection.
  • Investigations into mL2 strains led to the identification of genetic changes linked to stress response and regulatory genes, which may explain their clinical traits and success in spreading.
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Many oseltamivir resistance mutations exhibit fitness defects in the absence of drug pressure that hinders their propagation in hosts. Secondary permissive mutations can rescue fitness defects and facilitate the segregation of resistance mutations in viral populations. Previous studies have identified a panel of permissive or compensatory mutations in neuraminidase (NA) that restore the growth defect of the predominant oseltamivir resistance mutation (H275Y) in H1N1 influenza A virus.

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spp. are highly adapted pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery in human and nonhuman primates. An unusual feature of pathogenesis is that this organism invades the colonic epithelia from the basolateral pole.

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Article Synopsis
  • TnSeq is a key technique used to investigate gene essentiality and interactions in bacteria, specifically focusing on the behavior of the Himar1 transposon at TA dinucleotides.
  • This study reveals that insertion frequencies at TA sites are not random but are influenced by specific nucleotide contexts, which can be modeled to predict insertion patterns with considerable accuracy.
  • An improved method called TTN-Fitness was developed to enhance the identification of essential genes by comparing actual insertion counts to predicted counts, leading to better differentiation between essential and nonessential genes.
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Toxoplasmosis affects one-third of the human population worldwide. Humans are accidental hosts and are infected after consumption of undercooked meat and water contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii cysts and oocysts, respectively. Neutrophils have been shown to participate in the control of T.

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