3,004 results match your criteria: "University of Massachusetts Lowell.[Affiliation]"
Trauma Violence Abuse
December 2024
College of Public Health, Department of Social Work, George Mason University, VA, USA.
Researchers are increasingly conducting research using primary source data involving observation of, and exposure to, violent extremist individuals, their acts, their online content, and the ideologies that they act in support of. Of concern is that this increased use of primary source material has not occurred alongside a serious investigation of the traumatic outcomes that may result from constant exposure to such materials within the process of conducting academic research. As such, the goal of this review is to conduct a rapid evidence assessment to identify (a) What theories currently exist that conceptualize trauma stemming from vicarious observation of extremist atrocities? (b) In what similar domains (if any) have researchers conceptualized the trauma that stems from vicarious observation of extremist atrocities? (c) What is the current evidence base for these theories? And (d) What are the immediate research needs to extend this research and support the research workforce? Articles were identified using search strings related to types of trauma, and relevant domains of work (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccup Environ Med
December 2024
Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of precarious employment (PE) on the risk of diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Swedish workers in occupations with strenuous working conditions.
Methods: This nationwide register-based cohort study included workers registered as living in Sweden in 2005, aged 21-60 at the 2010 baseline. Three samples were included: workers with high biomechanical workload (n=680 841), repetitive work (n=659 422) or low job control (n=703 645).
Veterans treatment court (VTC) is the fastest growing type of treatment court in the United States with over 600 VTCs in operation today. Despite this recent proliferation, minimal scholarship has been conducted investigating how the state-level statutory landscape influences VTCs. The current study begins to address this gap by comprehensively reviewing and analyzing state legislation that governs the enactment, operation, and eligibility requirements of VTCs nationwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed
December 2024
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. Electronic address:
Experiences of complex trauma and adversity, especially for children, are ongoing global crises necessitating adaptation. Bioadaptability to adversity and its health consequences emphasizes the dynamism of adaptation to trauma and the potential for research to inform intervention strategies. Epigenetic variability, particularly DNA methylation, associates with chronic adversity while allowing for resilience and adaptability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
Covalent functionalization of pristine graphene can modify its properties, enabling applications in optoelectronics, biomedical fields, environmental science, and energy. However, the chemical reactivity of pristine graphene is relatively low, and as such, methods have been developed to increase the reactivity of graphene. This review focuses on substrate engineering as an effective strategy to enhance the reactivity of graphene through strain and charge doping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotine Tob Res
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; 100 Cambridge St., Suite 1600, Boston, MA.
Introduction: Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).
Method: This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As by an oncology provider among 306 recently-diagnosed male and female cancer patients.
Small
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
Nucleic acids have emerged as new materials with promising applications in nanotechnology, molecular electronics, and biosensing, but their electronic properties, especially at the single-molecule level, are largely underexplored. The Z-form is an exotic left-handed helical oligonucleotide conformation that may be involved in critical biological processes such as the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic processes. In this work, the electrical conductance of individual Guanine Cytosine (GC)-rich DNA:RNA molecules is measured in physiological buffer and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent, corresponding to the natural (right-handed helix) A-form typical in DNA:RNA hybrids and the (left-handed) Z-form conformations, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Med Dir Assoc
December 2024
Center for Equity in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Objectives: To examine how risk of hospitalization among assisted living (AL) residents differs by dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid and by the percent of dually enrolled individuals in an AL community.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting And Participants: We used Medicare data from 2008 to 2018 and a national directory of licensed AL communities to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a change in their ZIP+4 code suggesting a new residence in an AL.
Vict Offender
January 2024
School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell MA. USA.
Justice-involved veterans return to civilian life with a variety of mental and physical health challenges that often go untreated and increase their risk for self-harm and involvement in the criminal-legal system. Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) were created to respond to the unique problems of justice-involved veterans by attempting to coordinate services and support with the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Behav
December 2024
School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
Previous research suggests that depression impacts HIV outcomes, including viral suppression. This meta-analysis quantifies the association between depression and HIV viral suppression. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and OVID to identify studies published through 2012 to 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin J Pain
December 2024
Department of Public Health and Center for Health Statistics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
Objective: Neurocognitive symptoms (NCS) may be early indicators of opioid-related harm. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and potential attribution of opioid-related NCS among patients on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) by using natural language processing (NLP) to extract data from the electronic health records (EHR) within the Veterans Health Administration.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients prescribed LTOT in 2018.
Biotechnol J
December 2024
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Hydrophobic feedstocks such as waste cooking oil have recently been considered for microbial biotransformation due to their abundance, low cost, and unique advantage for lipid-derived fermentation products. Most fermentations with hydrophobic substrates are conducted at the tube or flask scale (less than 1 L total volume) or with the hydrophobic substrate comprising a small fraction of the media. Low substrate concentrations require additional feeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Behav
December 2024
The Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, Waltham, MA, USA.
Dispersal can affect individual-level fitness and population-level ecological and evolutionary processes. Factors that affect dispersal could therefore have important eco-evolutionary implications. Here, we investigated the extent to which an inflammation and tissue repair response-peritoneal fibrosis-which is known to restrict movement, could influence dispersal by conducting a mark-recapture experiment in a lake in Alaska with threespine stickleback (.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Humans no doubt use language to communicate about their emotional experiences, but does language in turn help humans understand emotions, or is language just a vehicle of communication? This study used a form of artificial intelligence (AI) known as large language models (LLMs) to assess whether language-based representations of emotion causally contribute to the AI's ability to generate inferences about the emotional meaning of novel situations. Fourteen attributes of human emotion concept representation were found to be represented by the LLM's distinct artificial neuron populations. By manipulating these attribute-related neurons, we in turn demonstrated the role of emotion concept knowledge in generative emotion inference.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Work Expo Health
December 2024
Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Cornell Dr, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Unlabelled: In the summer season, road construction workers perform physically demanding tasks outdoors, placing them at greater risk for exertional heat illness conditions. Assessing core temperature (Tcore) is critical as it serves as a key indicator of heat strain and helps to estimate the risk of heat-related illness. Despite the increased risk of hyperthermia, previous research has not assessed Tcore in road construction workers in the United States during summer work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Work Expo Health
December 2024
Division of Respiratory Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Health Policy Technol
December 2024
Center for Biomedical and Health Research in Data Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA.
Objective: Patients have difficulty understanding medical jargon in electronic health record (EHR) notes. Lay definitions can improve patient comprehension, which is the goal of the NoteAid project. We assess whether the NoteAid definitions are understandable to laypeople and whether understandability differs with respect to layperson characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrect identification of species is necessary if we are to understand their biology, ecology, and evolutionary history, as well as to catalog their global biodiversity. This is acutely critical for many micrometazoans like rotifers, which are often difficult to identify because of their small size and complicated morphologies. Rotifers are ubiquitous micrometazoans that are found worldwide in fresh, brackish, and some marine waters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new gastrotrich species of the genus Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Cephalodasyidae) is described from Capron Shoal, Florida, USA. The new species is up to 630 μm long. There are six TbA that arises directly from a fleshy hand-like base.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
August 2024
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Am J Ind Med
December 2024
Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Med Phys
December 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Safe implementation and translation of FLASH radiotherapy to the clinic requirehs development of beam monitoring devices capable of high temporal resolution with wide dynamic ranges. Ideal detectors should be able to monitor LINAC pulses, withstand high doses and dose rates, and provide information about the beam output, energy/range, and profile.
Purpose: Two novel detectors have been designed and tested for ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) monitoring: a multilayer nano-structured 3-layer high-energy-current (HEC3) detector, and a segmented large area, 4-section flat (S4) detector with the goal of exploring their properties for a future combined design.
J Athl Train
December 2024
Ruth S. Ammon College of Education and Health Sciences, Adelphi University
Context: The importance of analyzing head impact exposure among football players is well established, yet few studies have explored the differences across position groups in high school athletes. Better understanding of these differences may provide optimized intervention strategies for coaches and healthcare providers.
Objective: To quantify the difference of head impacts per exposure (Imp/E) and impact burden high school football player position groups.