3,001 results match your criteria: "University of Massachusetts Lowell[Affiliation]"

Experiences of complex trauma and adversity, especially for children, are ongoing global crises necessitating adaptation. Bioadaptability to adversity and its health consequences emphasizes the dynamism of adaptation to trauma and the potential for research to inform intervention strategies. Epigenetic variability, particularly DNA methylation, associates with chronic adversity while allowing for resilience and adaptability.

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Covalent functionalization of pristine graphene can modify its properties, enabling applications in optoelectronics, biomedical fields, environmental science, and energy. However, the chemical reactivity of pristine graphene is relatively low, and as such, methods have been developed to increase the reactivity of graphene. This review focuses on substrate engineering as an effective strategy to enhance the reactivity of graphene through strain and charge doping.

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Introduction: Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Method: This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As by an oncology provider among 306 recently-diagnosed male and female cancer patients.

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Nucleic acids have emerged as new materials with promising applications in nanotechnology, molecular electronics, and biosensing, but their electronic properties, especially at the single-molecule level, are largely underexplored. The Z-form is an exotic left-handed helical oligonucleotide conformation that may be involved in critical biological processes such as the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic processes. In this work, the electrical conductance of individual Guanine Cytosine (GC)-rich DNA:RNA molecules is measured in physiological buffer and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent, corresponding to the natural (right-handed helix) A-form typical in DNA:RNA hybrids and the (left-handed) Z-form conformations, respectively.

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Objectives: To examine how risk of hospitalization among assisted living (AL) residents differs by dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid and by the percent of dually enrolled individuals in an AL community.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We used Medicare data from 2008 to 2018 and a national directory of licensed AL communities to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a change in their ZIP+4 code suggesting a new residence in an AL.

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Justice-involved veterans return to civilian life with a variety of mental and physical health challenges that often go untreated and increase their risk for self-harm and involvement in the criminal-legal system. Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) were created to respond to the unique problems of justice-involved veterans by attempting to coordinate services and support with the U.S.

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Previous research suggests that depression impacts HIV outcomes, including viral suppression. This meta-analysis quantifies the association between depression and HIV viral suppression. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and OVID to identify studies published through 2012 to 2022.

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Objective: Neurocognitive symptoms (NCS) may be early indicators of opioid-related harm. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and potential attribution of opioid-related NCS among patients on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) by using natural language processing (NLP) to extract data from the electronic health records (EHR) within the Veterans Health Administration.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients prescribed LTOT in 2018.

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Hydrophobic feedstocks such as waste cooking oil have recently been considered for microbial biotransformation due to their abundance, low cost, and unique advantage for lipid-derived fermentation products. Most fermentations with hydrophobic substrates are conducted at the tube or flask scale (less than 1 L total volume) or with the hydrophobic substrate comprising a small fraction of the media. Low substrate concentrations require additional feeding.

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Dispersal can affect individual-level fitness and population-level ecological and evolutionary processes. Factors that affect dispersal could therefore have important eco-evolutionary implications. Here, we investigated the extent to which an inflammation and tissue repair response-peritoneal fibrosis-which is known to restrict movement, could influence dispersal by conducting a mark-recapture experiment in a lake in Alaska with threespine stickleback (.

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Humans no doubt use language to communicate about their emotional experiences, but does language in turn help humans understand emotions, or is language just a vehicle of communication? This study used a form of artificial intelligence (AI) known as large language models (LLMs) to assess whether language-based representations of emotion causally contribute to the AI's ability to generate inferences about the emotional meaning of novel situations. Fourteen attributes of human emotion concept representation were found to be represented by the LLM's distinct artificial neuron populations. By manipulating these attribute-related neurons, we in turn demonstrated the role of emotion concept knowledge in generative emotion inference.

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Heat strain in road construction workers during the summer in New Mexico: a preliminary study.

Ann Work Expo Health

December 2024

Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Cornell Dr, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.

Unlabelled: In the summer season, road construction workers perform physically demanding tasks outdoors, placing them at greater risk for exertional heat illness conditions. Assessing core temperature (Tcore) is critical as it serves as a key indicator of heat strain and helps to estimate the risk of heat-related illness. Despite the increased risk of hyperthermia, previous research has not assessed Tcore in road construction workers in the United States during summer work.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates respiratory exposures of US home care aides to harmful chemicals while using different cleaning and disinfecting products during bathroom cleaning, focusing on VOCs and QACs present in these products.
  • - A total of 22 aides tested three cleaning products: bleach-based, QACs-based, and a "green" product, with air sampling conducted to measure VOCs and QACs in a controlled environment.
  • - Results showed the presence of 38 unique VOCs, with many not listed on product labels, highlighting potential health risks due to limited toxicity information and occupational exposure limits for the identified chemicals.
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Correct identification of species is necessary if we are to understand their biology, ecology, and evolutionary history, as well as to catalog their global biodiversity. This is acutely critical for many micrometazoans like rotifers, which are often difficult to identify because of their small size and complicated morphologies. Rotifers are ubiquitous micrometazoans that are found worldwide in fresh, brackish, and some marine waters.

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A new gastrotrich species of the genus Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Cephalodasyidae) is described from Capron Shoal, Florida, USA. The new species is up to 630 μm long. There are six TbA that arises directly from a fleshy hand-like base.

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Background: The capacity to anticipate future health issues is important for both policy makers and practitioners in the USA, as such insights can facilitate effective planning, investment, and implementation strategies. Forecasting trends in disease and injury burden is not only crucial for policy makers but also garners substantial interest from the general populace and leads to a better-informed public. Through the integration of new data sources, the refinement of methodologies, and the inclusion of additional causes, we have improved our previous forecasting efforts within the scope of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to produce forecasts at the state and national levels for the USA under various possible scenarios.

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Dual-band complex-amplitude metasurface empowered high security cryptography with ultra-massive encodable patterns.

Nanophotonics

August 2024

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study introduces an innovative cryptographic method using a dual-band complex-amplitude meta-hologram to improve information security and capacity, overcoming limitations found in previous strategies.
  • - By combining a modified visual secret-sharing scheme with a one-time-pad private key, this method allows for encoding two different patterns while enhancing the quality of decryption.
  • - A prototype meta-hologram was designed and tested, showing promising results that align with the design parameters, which could be beneficial in fields like information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Article Synopsis
  • Occupational exposure as a painter is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by IARC, with insufficient documentation on the specific chemicals causing health issues among painters.
  • A systematic review focused on approved coating products revealed 61 unique chemical substances, including known and possible carcinogens that may lead to serious health problems like various cancers, asthma, and skin diseases.
  • The findings highlight critical data gaps regarding exposure to certain hazardous ingredients, suggesting the need for further research and strategies to minimize chemical exposures in the painting profession.*
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Pulsed beam monitoring for electron FLASH.

Med Phys

December 2024

Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Safe implementation and translation of FLASH radiotherapy to the clinic requirehs development of beam monitoring devices capable of high temporal resolution with wide dynamic ranges. Ideal detectors should be able to monitor LINAC pulses, withstand high doses and dose rates, and provide information about the beam output, energy/range, and profile.

Purpose: Two novel detectors have been designed and tested for ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) monitoring: a multilayer nano-structured 3-layer high-energy-current (HEC3) detector, and a segmented large area, 4-section flat (S4) detector with the goal of exploring their properties for a future combined design.

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Context: The importance of analyzing head impact exposure among football players is well established, yet few studies have explored the differences across position groups in high school athletes. Better understanding of these differences may provide optimized intervention strategies for coaches and healthcare providers.

Objective: To quantify the difference of head impacts per exposure (Imp/E) and impact burden high school football player position groups.

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Saliva is a widely used sample in epigenetic research with children due to its non-invasive nature. Since DNA methylation (DNAm) profile is cell type (CT) specific, salivary DNAm associations with exposures may be influenced by CT compositions, which is highly variable in saliva as it contains immune and buccal epithelial cells (BEC). Reference-based CT deconvolution and statistically adjusting estimated CT in DNAm analyses have become an increasingly common practice.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study shows that increasing the surface roughness of organic thin-film thermoelectrics can significantly enhance their performance, specifically the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT).
  • * A new method was developed to create nanorough PEDOT:Tos films, achieving a ZT of 0.99, which is 83% higher than smooth versions, and a prototype thermoelectric device using these films generated 118.7 nW at a 50 K temperature difference.
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Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide worldwide. Research on human health effects has been limited and the toxicokinetics of glyphosate have not been widely examined. This research aimed to study the excretion profile and half-life of glyphosate in farmers and residents who use glyphosate to control weeds in their agricultural fields and near their households, respectively.

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