Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children with Disruptive Behaviors and Autism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

A relatively large number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit disruptive behavioral problems. While accumulating data have shown behavioral parent training programs to be efficacious in reducing disruptive behaviors for this population, there is a dearth of literature examining the impact of such programs across the range of ASD severity. To evaluate the effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based treatment for children with problem behaviors and their families, in reducing disruptive behaviors among children (4-10 years) with ASD (without intellectual disabilities).

Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated with Emergency Department Visits.

Psychiatric boarding in an emergency department (ED) has personal and social consequences that can increase healthcare expenditure through a variety of inter-related mechanisms. This study aimed to compare health outcomes (e.g.

Computational and experimental investigation of the effect of cation structure on the solubility of anionic flow battery active-materials.

Recent advances in clean, sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar have enabled significant cost improvements, yet their inherent intermittency remains a considerable challenge for year-round reliability demanding the need for grid-scale energy storage. Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) have the potential to address this need, with attractive attributes such as flexibility to accommodate long- and short-duration storage, separately scalable energy and power ratings, and improved safety profile over integrated systems such as lithium-ion batteries. Currently, the low-solubility of NRFB electrolytes fundamentally limits their energy density.

Specializations of somatosensory innervation in the skin of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae).

Cetacean behavior and life history imply a role for somatosensory detection of critical signals unique to their marine environment. As the sensory anatomy of cetacean glabrous skin has not been fully explored, skin biopsy samples of the flank skin of humpback whales were prepared for general histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of innervation in this study. Histology revealed an exceptionally thick epidermis interdigitated by numerous, closely spaced long, thin diameter penicillate dermal papillae (PDP).

Practicing Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Microbiology Classes by Presenting News Stories with Data Evidence.

Developing scientific literacy is a key objective in undergraduate biology education. However, finding and accessing important primary research articles and drawing conclusions from original data is often challenging for students. The approach described here aims to alleviate these challenges by using news stories as a starting point for identifying important research findings and having students ultimately explain the findings with original data.

Effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter for photodegradation of typical pharmaceuticals.

Permanganate has been widely used in the remediation of contaminated water due to its relatively strong oxidation properties and ease of use. The ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters causes a significant sink of permanganate in treatments, which further impacts the photoformation of reactive species and the removal of trace pollutants by DOM. Significantly, the effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of DOM remains unknown.

Impacts of UV-C Irradiation on Marine Biofilm Community Succession.

Marine biofilms are diverse microbial communities and important ecological habitats forming on surfaces submerged in the ocean. Biofilm communities resist environmental disturbance, making them a nuisance to some human activities ("biofouling"). Antifouling solutions rarely address the underlying stability or compositional responses of these biofilms.

Group feature selection for enhancing information gain in MRI reconstruction.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized radiology. As a leading medical imaging modality, MRI not only visualizes the structures inside the body but also produces functional imaging. However, due to the slow imaging speed constrained by magnetic resonance physics, the MRI cost is expensive, and patients may feel not comfortable in a scanner for a long time.

Examining depression symptoms within OCD: the role of experiential avoidance.

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression commonly co-occur. Past research has evaluated underlying mechanisms of depression in the context of other diagnoses, but few to no studies have done this within OCD.

Aims: This study examines the relationships between distress tolerance (DT), experiential avoidance (EA), depression, and OCD symptom severity across intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for OCD.

A theoretical framework to promote minority PhD and DNP student success in nursing education.

Background: Nursing PhD and DNP programs lack diversity and cultural responsiveness and, as a result, minority students are underrepresented in these programs. Stressors specific to being a member of a minority population, defined as minority stress, contribute to a range of barriers for ethnic/racial minority, male and LGBTQ PhD and DNP students. There is an urgent need for faculty and administrators to support minority doctoral student success by taking proactive steps to identify and begin to deconstruct these barriers.

A Transformative Learning Experience for Senior Nursing Students.

Background: Research suggests that clinical practicums in hospital-based settings are important, even if condensed, to provide students with the opportunity for real-world learning experiences. Rational dialogue makes learning meaningful and empowers students to learn by reflecting on experiences.

Problem: The COVID-19 pandemic minimized availability of traditional one-to-one mentorship practicums.

Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins.

Gram-positive bacteria are ancient organisms. Many bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria, produce toxins to manipulate the host, leading to various diseases. While the targets of Gram-positive bacterial toxins are diverse, many of those toxins use a similar mechanism to invade host cells and exert their functions.

Shifting seasonality of cyclones and western boundary current interactions in Bay of Bengal as observed during Amphan and Fani.

In recent years, the seasonal patterns of Tropical Cyclones (TC) in the Bay of Bengal have been shifting. While tropical depressions have been common in March-May (spring), they typically have been relatively weaker than the TCs during October-December. Here we show that the spatial pattern of recent warming trends during the last two decades in the southwestern Bay has allowed for stronger springtime pre-monsoon cyclones such as Amphan (May 2020, Super Cyclone) and Fani (April-May 2019, Extremely Severe Cyclone).

Formation and transformation of halonitromethanes from dimethylamine in the presence of bromide during the UV/chlorine disinfection.

Halonitromethanes (HNMs) is a typical class of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts with high toxicity. The effect of Br on the formation and transformation of HNMs from dimethylamine (DMA) during the ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine disinfection has been investigated in current study. Results reveal that only chloronitromethane, dichloronitromethane and trichloronitromethane (TCNM) could be found during the UV/chlorine disinfection.

Nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability: An international replication study.

Purpose: Negative nurse attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability have been implicated as a contributing factor to the cascade of health disparities faced by this population. The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disability that transcend national borders and differing systems of care.

Methods: This cross-sectional correlational predictive replication study used an online electronic survey with a snowball sample of 115 Australian nurses, from March to August 2020.

"We Were Absolutely in the Dark": Manifest Content Analysis of Developmental Disability Nurses' Experiences During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic.

People with developmental disabilities (DD) are devastatingly impacted by COVID-19, yet no studies have explored the experiences of developmental disability nurses during the pandemic. In April 2020, as part of a multiple method study, we used manifest content analysis to evaluate nurses' 287 open-ended responses to our online survey question: "What is the of being a developmental disability nurse while encountering challenges to meeting basic care needs during the early COVID-19 pandemic?" We identified four themes: living with fear and stress, helping others to understand and cope, navigating a changing landscape, and being left out. Findings reinforce the need for accessible health information for people with developmental disability, guidelines relevant to developmental disability nursing settings, emotional support for developmental disability nurses, and education of health care professionals about the contribution of the developmental disability nurse in supporting the holistic well-being of people with DD.

City-scale energetics: window on adaptive thermal insulation in North American cities.

Previous research demonstrated that cities are similar to individual mammals in their relationship between the rate of energy use for heating and outdoor air temperature (T). At Ts requiring heating of indoor living spaces, the energy-T plot of a city contains information on city-wide thermal insulation (I), making it possible to quantify city-wide I by use of the city as the unit of measure. We develop methods for extracting this insulation information, deriving the methods from prior research on mammals.

Dose-dependent effects of pharmaceutical treatments on bone matrix properties in ovariectomized rats.

As both anabolic and anti-catabolic osteoporosis drugs affect bone formation and resorption processes, they may contribute to bone's overall mechanical behavior by altering the quality of the bone matrix. We used an ovariectomized rat model and a novel fracture mechanics approach to investigate whether treatment with an anabolic (parathyroid hormone) or anti-catabolic (alendronate) osteoporosis drugs will alter the organic and mineral matrix components and consequently cortical bone fracture toughness. Ovariectomized (at 5 months age) rats were treated with either parathyroid hormone or alendronate at low and high doses for 6 months (age 6-12 months).

Compensating for a stressful pregnancy? Glucocorticoid treatment during gravidity reduces metabolic rate in female fence lizards post-parturition.

Reproduction is a critical part of an animal's life history, but one which incurs significant costs to survival and future reproductive potential. These physiological consequences are likely to be influenced by context - for example, if an individual is subject to environmental stressors, physiological and behavioral changes associated with reproduction may be altered. Glucocorticoids, hormones produced as part of the physiological response to stressors, may alter how reproduction affects female physiology and behavior, and therefore the outcomes of reproductive trade-offs.

The crystalline forms of nine hydrochloride salts of substituted tryptamines.

The crystal structures of the hydrochloride salts of nine substituted tryptamines, namely, 1-methyltryptammonium chloride, CHN·Cl, (1), 2-methyl-1-phenyltryptammonium chloride, CHN·Cl, (2), 5-methoxytryptammonium chloride, CHNO·Cl, (3), 5-bromotryptammonium chloride, CHBrN·Cl, (4), 5-chlorotryptammonium chloride, CHClN·Cl, (5), 5-fluorotryptammonium chloride, CHFN·Cl, (6), 5-methyltryptammonium chloride, CHN·Cl, (7), 6-fluorotryptammonium chloride, CHFN·Cl, (8), and 7-methyltryptammonium chloride, CHN·Cl, (9), are reported. The seven tryptamines with N-H indoles, (3)-(9), show very similar structures, with N-H..

A case report and statewide surveillance of "weak meat" condition of Alaska weathervane scallops, Patinopecten caurinus, linked to a recently identified pathogenic parasite, Merocystis kathae (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae).

Weathervane scallop, Patinopecten caurinus, the largest scallop species in the world, is distributed from northern California, U.S.A.

Elevated temperature increases reproductive investment in less preferred mates in the invasive European corn borer moth.

Rapidly changing environments may weaken sexual selection and lead to indiscriminate mating by interfering with the reception of mating signals or by increasing the costs associated with mate choice. If temperature alters sexual selection, it may impact population response and adaptation to climate change. Here, we examine how differences in temperature of the mating environment influence reproductive investment in the European corn borer moth ().