The methanol and ethanol solvates of 4-glutarato-,-diiso-propyl-tryptamine.

The solid-state structures of two solvated forms of 4-glutarato-,-diiso-propyl-tryptamine were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, namely, 5-[(3-{2-[bis(propan-2-yl)azaniumyl]ethyl}-1-indol-4-yl)oxy]-5-oxopentanoate meth-anol monosolvate, CHNO·CHOH, and the analogous ethanol monosolvate, CHNO·CHO. In both compounds, the 4-glutarato-,-di-iso--pro-pyl-tryptamine exists as a zwitterion with a protonated tertiary ammonium and a deprotonated glutarato carboxyl-ate. The tryptamine zwitterions and alcohol solvates in both structures combine to produce near identical hydrogen-bonding networks, with N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds joining the mol-ecules together in two-dimensional networks parallel to the (100) plane.

Role of hydrogen bonding in bulk aqueous phase decomposition, complexation, and covalent hydration of pyruvic acid.

Pyruvic acid (PA) is a model for amphiphilic oxygenated organic compounds, and together with its hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) water complexes, their presence can alter atmospheric aerosol formation. However, the fundamental understanding of PA reaction mechanisms in different environments is still being debated. Here, the role of H-bonding on PA's degradation, complexation, and covalent hydration in bulk aqueous phase is investigated theoretically.

Microcin MccI47 selectively inhibits enteric bacteria and reduces carbapenem-resistant colonization when administered an engineered live biotherapeutic.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the reservoir for multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, specifically carbapenem-resistant (CR) and other , which often lead to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, severe extraintestinal infections, and lethal outcomes. Selective GI decolonization has been proposed as a new strategy for preventing transmission to other body sites and minimizing spreading to susceptible individuals. Here, we purify the to-date uncharacterized class IIb microcin I47 (MccI47) and demonstrate potent inhibition of numerous , including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, at concentrations resembling those of commonly prescribed antibiotics.

Comparing walking and running in persistence hunting.

It has been proposed that humans' exceptional locomotor endurance evolved partly with foraging in hot open habitats and subsequently about 2 million years ago with persistence hunting, for which endurance running was instrumental. However, persistence hunting by walking, if successful, could select for locomotor endurance even before the emergence of any running-related traits in human evolution. Using a heat exchange model validated here in 73 humans and 55 ungulates, we simulated persistence hunts for prey of three sizes (100, 250, and 400 kg) and three sweating capacities (nonsweating, low, high) at 6237 combinations of hunter's velocity (1-5 m s, intermittent), air temperature (25-45 °C), relative humidity (30-90%), and start time (8:00-16:00).

Seasonal temperature variability observed at abyssal depths in the Arabian Sea.

The abyssal ocean is generally considered an aseasonal environment decoupled from the variabilities observed at and just below the ocean's surface. Herein, we describe the first in-situ timeseries record of seasonal warming and cooling in the Arabian Sea at a depth of 4000 m. The seasonal cycle was observed over the nearly four-year-long record (from November 2018 to March 2022).

Current Research on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have piqued the curiosity of researchers all over the world due to their extensive biological activity. They are less toxic and biodegradable with the capacity to greatly boost pharmacophore bioactivity. ZnO-NPs are the most extensively used metal oxide nanoparticles in electronic and optoelectronics because of their distinctive optical and chemical properties which can be readily modified by altering the morphology and the wide bandgap.

The crystal structure of baeocystin.

The title compound, baeocystin or 4-phosphor-yloxy--methyl-tryptamine {systematic name: 3-[2-(methylazaniumyl)ethyl]-1-indol-4-yl hydrogen phosphate}, CHNOP, has a single zwitterionic mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. The mol-ecule has an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the ammonium cation and the hydro-phosphate anion. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

MDITRE: Scalable and Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Host Status from Temporal Microbiome Dynamics.

Longitudinal microbiome data sets are being generated with increasing regularity, and there is broad recognition that these studies are critical for unlocking the mechanisms through which the microbiome impacts human health and disease. However, there is a dearth of computational tools for analyzing microbiome time-series data. To address this gap, we developed an open-source software package, Microbiome Differentiable Interpretable Temporal Rule Engine (MDITRE), which implements a new highly efficient method leveraging deep-learning technologies to derive human-interpretable rules that predict host status from longitudinal microbiome data.

A Quantitative Study of Transport of Surfactant Boli in a Three-Dimensional Lung Model of Neonates.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is mainly treated with the intratracheal delivery of pulmonary surfactants. The success of the therapy depends on the uniformity of distribution and efficiency of delivery of the instilled surfactant solution to the respiratory zone of the lungs. Direct imaging of the surfactant distribution and quantifying the efficiency of delivery is not feasible in neonates.

Model of Family Caregiver Resilience and Burden in Opioid Use Disorder: A Theoretical Framework.

This theory synthesis provides a theoretical model for nursing researchers to examine factors that influence resilience and burden in family caregivers of individuals with opioid use disorder. Two frameworks, the Resiliency Model and the Conceptual Framework for Family Involvement with Adults with Co-occurring Substance and Mental Disorders, were synthesized and modified by incorporating concepts and conceptual relationships from recent research studies and experiential knowledge from clinical practice to develop a new model. The model predicts the impact of caregiver characteristics, caregiver support, stressors, and caregiver-care recipient dyad characteristics on caregiver well-being.

Strategic intergroup alliances increase access to a contested resource in male bottlenose dolphins.

Efforts to understand human social evolution rely largely on comparisons with nonhuman primates. However, a population of bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia, combines a chimpanzee-like fission-fusion grouping pattern, mating system, and life history with the only nonhuman example of strategic multilevel male alliances. Unrelated male dolphins form three alliance levels, or "orders", in competition over females: both within-group alliances (i.

Individual-specific characterization of event-related hemodynamic responses during an auditory task: An exploratory study.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been established as an informative modality for understanding the hemodynamic-metabolic correlates of cortical auditory processing. To date, such knowledge has shown broad clinical applications in the diagnosis, treatment, and intervention procedures in disorders affecting auditory processing; however, exploration of the hemodynamic response to auditory tasks is yet incomplete. This holds particularly true in the context of auditory event-related fNIRS experiments, where preliminary work has shown the presence of valid responses while leaving the need for more comprehensive explorations of the hemodynamic correlates of event-related auditory processing.

The partial merger of two dolphin societies.

Interactions between mammalian social groups are generally antagonistic as individuals in groups cooperate to defend resources from non-members. Members of the family Delphinidae inhabit a three-dimensional habitat where resource defence is usually impractical. Here, we describe a long-term partial fusion of two communities of Atlantic spotted dolphins ().

A skewed literature: Few studies evaluate the contribution of predation-risk effects to natural field patterns.

A narrative in ecology is that prey modify traits to reduce predation risk, and the trait modification has costs large enough to cause ensuing demographic, trophic and ecosystem consequences, with implications for conservation, management and agriculture. But ecology has a long history of emphasising that quantifying the importance of an ecological process ultimately requires evidence linking a process to unmanipulated field patterns. We suspected that such process-linked-to-pattern (PLP) studies were poorly represented in the predation risk literature, which conflicts with the confidence often given to the importance of risk effects.

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Pharmacological Activity of Novel Quaternary Salts of 4-Substituted Tryptamines.

Aeruginascin (4-phosphoryloxy-,,-trimethyltryptammonium) is an analogue of psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-,-dimethyltryptamine) that has been identified in several species of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Our team previously reported the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological activity of the putative metabolite of aeruginascin (4-hydroxy-,,-trimethyltryptammonium; 4-HO-TMT) and its potential prodrug (4-acetoxy-,,-trimethyltryptammonium; 4-AcO-TMT). Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and pharmacological activity of several quaternary tryptammonium analogues of 4-HO-TMT and 4-AcO-TMT, namely, 4-hydroxy-,-dimethyl--ethyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMET), 4-hydroxy-,-dimethyl---propyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMPT), and 4-hydroxy-,-dimethyl--isopropyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMiPT), as well as their hypothesized prodrugs 4-acetoxy-,-dimethyl--ethyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMET), 4-acetoxy-,-dimethyl---propyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMPT), and 4-acetoxy-,-dimethyl--isopropyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMiPT).

Withdrawn Behavior in Preschool: Implications for Emotion Knowledge and Broader Emotional Competence.

The present study investigated the respective roles of withdrawal, language, and context-inappropriate (CI) anger in the development of emotion knowledge (EK) among a subsample of 4 and 5 year-old preschoolers ( = 74). Measures included parent-reported withdrawn behavior, externalizing behavior, and CI anger, as well as child assessments of receptive language and EK. Ultimately, findings demonstrated that receptive language mediated the relationship between withdrawn behavior and situational EK.

Using social network analysis to confirm the 'gambit of the group' hypothesis for a small cetacean.

Social network analysis (SNA) can be used to explore a population's social structure and how individuals contribute to social cohesion. Quantifying relationships between individuals in a network can vary depending on the data available or the relationship of interest. Studies of readily visible species can use direct interaction measures in SNA, while studies of cryptic species usually rely on the 'gambit of the group'; individuals observed in a group are considered associates.

Immunotherapy of glioblastoma explants induces interferon-γ responses and spatial immune cell rearrangements in tumor center, but not periphery.

A patient-tailored, ex vivo drug response platform for glioblastoma (GBM) would facilitate therapy planning, provide insights into treatment-induced mechanisms in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME), and enable the discovery of biomarkers of response. We cultured regionally annotated GBM explants in perfusion bioreactors to assess iTME responses to immunotherapy. Explants were treated with anti-CD47, anti-PD-1, or their combination, and analyzed by multiplexed microscopy [CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX)], enabling the spatially resolved identification of >850,000 single cells, accompanied by explant secretome interrogation.

A dual-interpolator method for improving parallel MRI reconstruction.

Autocalibration signal is acquired in the k-space-based parallel MRI reconstruction for estimating interpolation coefficients and reconstructing missing unacquired data. Many ACS lines can suppress aliasing artifacts and noise by covering the low-frequency signal region. However, more ACS lines will delay the data acquisition process and therefore elongate the scan time.

Risk capacity and investment priority as moderators in the relationship between big-five personality factors and investment behavior: a conditional moderated moderated-mediation model.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between big-five personality traits and investment behavior, particularly in the Indian context. Riding on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we built a multi-layered moderated moderated-mediation model exploring the complex relationships between personality traits, investment attitude, and investment strategy. We collected data from 934 respondents from the southern part of India and analyzed using the Hayes (2018) PROCESS macros to test the hypotheses.

Bottlenose dolphin communication during a role-specialized group foraging task.

A division of labor with role specialization is defined as individuals specializing in a subtask during repetitions of a group task. While this behavior is ubiquitous among humans, there are only four candidates found among non-eusocial mammals: lions, mice, chimpanzees, and bottlenose dolphins. Bottlenose dolphins in the Cedar Keys, Florida, engage in role specialized "driver-barrier feeding", where a "driver" dolphin herds mullet towards "barrier" dolphins.

Agreeableness and Conscientiousness promote successful adaptation to the Covid-19 pandemic through effective internalization of public health guidelines.

Social distancing (SD) was an effective way of reducing virus transmission during the deadly and highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the present study explored how the Big 5 traits relate to variations in SD in a sample of university students (n = 285), and replicated these findings using informant reports. Self-determination theory's concepts of autonomous motivation and intrinsic community values were explored as potential mechanisms linking traits to SD.

COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine and lockdown policies, the pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients have minimal symptoms, approximately 20% of verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences.

Genomic architecture of supergenes: connecting form and function.

Supergenes are tightly linked sets of loci that are inherited together and control complex phenotypes. While classical supergenes-governing traits such as wing patterns in butterflies or heterostyly in -have been studied since the Modern Synthesis, we still understand very little about how they evolve and persist in nature. The genetic architecture of supergenes is a critical factor affecting their evolutionary fate, as it can change key parameters such as recombination rate and effective population size, potentially redirecting molecular evolution of the supergene in addition to the surrounding genomic region.