In through the out door: A loop-binding-first model for topological cohesin loading.

Cohesin is a ring-shaped complex that is loaded on DNA in two different conformations. In one conformation, it forms loops to organize the interphase genome; in the other, it topologically encircles sibling chromosomes to facilitate homologous recombination and to establish the cohesion that is required for orderly segregation during mitosis. How, and even if, these two loading conformation are related is unclear.

Healthcare expenditures for people with substance use disorders in drug courts compared to their peers in traditional courts.

Individuals within the criminal justice system are at greater risk of substance use-related morbidity and mortality and have substantial healthcare needs. In this quasi-experimental study, we assessed utilization patterns of Massachusetts Medicaid Program (MassHealth) services and associated expenditures among drug court probationers compared to a propensity score-matched sample of traditional court probationers. Risk of reoffending, employment status, age, and living arrangement data were used to calculate propensity scores and match probationers between the two court types, producing a final sample of 271 in each court (N=542).

Contribution of intraflagellar transport to compartmentalization and maintenance of the photoreceptor cell.

The first steps of vision take place in the ciliary outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. The protein composition of outer segments is uniquely suited to perform this function. The most abundant among these proteins is the visual pigment, rhodopsin, whose outer segment trafficking involves intraflagellar transport (IFT).

Management of Continuous Glucose Monitors in Radiation Oncology Patients.

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are an increasingly prevalent electronic medical device used by patients with diabetes, offering several advantages over "finger sticks." There is a resulting rise in patients with CGMs seen in radiation oncology clinics. Manufacturers specify that CGMs should not be exposed to radiation (both diagnostic and therapeutic) due to the risk of device damage, creating challenges for patients and providers.

susceptibilities to ganaplacide and diversity in potential resistance mediators in Ugandan isolates.

Novel antimalarials are urgently needed to combat rising resistance to available drugs. The imidazolopiperazine ganaplacide is a promising drug candidate, but decreased susceptibility of laboratory strains has been linked to polymorphisms in the cyclic amine resistance locus (PfCARL), acetyl-CoA transporter (PfACT), and UDP-galactose transporter (PfUGT). To characterize parasites causing disease in Africa, we assessed drug susceptibilities to ganaplacide in 750 .

Perioperative Management of Buprenorphine at an Urban Academic Medical Center.

Introduction: Buprenorphine is a partial mu opioid receptor agonist with high affinity to its receptor, which raises concerns of blocking or displacing full opioid agonists when used during the perioperative period of surgical patients. However, buprenorphine itself has high analgesic potency and discontinuing buprenorphine may lead to suboptimal pain control and risk for opioid use disorder relapse. There is limited data for the continuation of buprenorphine perioperatively.

Midlife Women's Menopausal Transition Symptom Experience and Access to Medical and Integrative Health Care: Informing the Development of MENOGAP.

Background: Individuals with a uterus experience menopause, the cessation of menses, on average at age 51 years in the United States. While menopause is a natural occurrence for most, over 85% of women experience multiple interfering symptoms. Menopausal women face health disparities, including a lack of access to high-quality healthcare and greater disparities are experienced by women who are black, indigenous, and people of color.

Neighborhood Resources Associated With Psychological Trajectories and Neural Reactivity to Reward After Trauma.

Importance: Research on resilience after trauma has often focused on individual-level factors (eg, ability to cope with adversity) and overlooked influential neighborhood-level factors that may help mitigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective: To investigate whether an interaction between residential greenspace and self-reported individual resources was associated with a resilient PTSD trajectory (ie, low/no symptoms) and to test if the association between greenspace and PTSD trajectory was mediated by neural reactivity to reward.

Design, Setting, And Participants: As part of a longitudinal cohort study, trauma survivors were recruited from emergency departments across the US.

Benign and Malignant Outcomes in the Offspring of Females Exposed In Utero to Diethylstilbestrol (DES): An Update from the NCI Third Generation Study.

Background: Females exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) have an elevated risk of cervical dysplasia, breast cancer, and clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the cervix/vagina. Testicular cancer risk is increased in prenatally exposed males. Epigenetic changes may mediate the transmission of DES effects to the next ("third") generation of offspring.

Exome-wide association analysis identifies novel risk loci for alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a clinically severe, acute disease that afflicts only a fraction of patients with alcohol use disorder. Genomic studies of alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) have identified several genes of large effect, but the genetic and environmental factors that lead to AH and AC, and their degree of genetic overlap, remain largely unknown. This study aims to identify genes and genetic variations that contribute to the development of AH.

Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Progress, Promises and Challenges.

Bone defects from accidents, congenital conditions, and age-related diseases significantly impact quality of life. Recent advancements in bone tissue engineering (TE) involve biomaterial scaffolds, patient-derived cells, and bioactive agents, enabling functional bone regeneration. Stem cells, obtained from numerous sources including umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and dental pulp, hold immense potential in bone TE.

PRC1.6 localizes on chromatin with the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex for promoter-specific silencing.

An obligate step in the life cycle of HIV-1 and other retroviruses is the establishment of the provirus in target cell chromosomes. Transcriptional regulation of proviruses is complex, and understanding the mechanisms underlying this regulation has ramifications for fundamental biology, human health, and gene therapy implementation. The three core components of the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex, TASOR, MPHOSPH8 (MPP8), and PPHLN1 (Periphilin 1), were identified in forward genetic screens for host genes that repress provirus expression.

A 12-year Retrospective Cohort Study of Point-of-care Ultrasound and Aortic Dissection Risk Score in Type A Aortic Dissection.

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is a vascular emergency with time-dependent mortality. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and AD risk score (ADRS) have been proposed as diagnostic tools to risk stratify patients and reduce time to diagnosis.

Study Objective: We evaluate POCUS findings and ADRS in a retrospective cohort of patients with known type A AD.

Factors Influencing Margin Clearance and the Number of Stages of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Chart Review.

How patient and tumor factors influence clearance margins and the number of Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) stages when treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains widely uncharacterized. It is important to elucidate these relationships, as surgical outcomes may be compared nationally between colleagues. Our objective is to evaluate the relationships between defect size and patient demographics, as well as between BCC subtypes and the number of MMS stages.

Effect of self-efficacy among persons who inject drugs treated with direct-acting antivirals on Hepatitis C treatment initiation, duration, completion, adherence, and cure.

Background: Self-efficacy, a patient-level factor, has been shown to facilitate patient engagement in treatment and optimize treatment-related outcomes in various health contexts. Research on interventions supporting hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment uptake and adherence among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is needed, but whether self-efficacy factors influence DAA treatment cascade outcomes in this population has been less studied.

Methods: Using the HERO study data, we analyzed a subset of participants with any general health self-efficacy data (n=708) measured at baseline and end-of-treatment time points using a 5-items instrument (facets: 'goal setting', 'goal attainment', 'having a positive effect', 'being in control', and 'working to improve').

Early and Late Aortic-Related Mortality and Rupture After Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) has been used as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgical repair to treat patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). The aim of this study was to evaluate aortic-related mortality (ARM) and aortic aneurysm rupture after FB-EVAR of TAAAs.

Methods: Patients enrolled in 8 prospective, nonrandomized, physician-sponsored investigational device exemption studies between 2005 and 2020 who underwent elective FB-EVAR of asymptomatic intact TAAAs were analyzed.

Meaningful changes in motor function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): A multi-center study.

Evaluations of treatment efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare genetic disease that results in progressive muscle wasting, require an understanding of the 'meaningfulness' of changes in functional measures. We estimated the minimal detectable change (MDC) for selected motor function measures in ambulatory DMD, i.e.