Cross-sectional study on behavioural determinants associated with sugary foods and beverages and their correlates with body mass index among adolescents in Nagarjun municipality, Nepal.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the status of and factors associated with behavioural determinants (knowledge, attitude and practice) of sugary foods and beverages among adolescents in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study was done at educational institutions located in Nagarjun municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide accelerates osteoporosis by PERK activation of ATF5 unfolding.

Imbalances in gut microbiota and their metabolites have been implicated in osteoporotic disorders. Trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine produced by gut microorganisms and flavin-containing monooxygenase-3, is known to accelerate tissue metabolism and remodeling; however, its role in bone loss remained unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, TMAO production, and osteoporosis development.

Effect of a multimodal continuing professional development initiative on HIV testing in primary care in British Columbia, Canada.

Introduction: Many persons are unaware of HIV infection until they present in an advanced stage of the disease. Diagnosing HIV infection in its earliest stages reduces morbidity and mortality and contributes to improved public health. Increased testing for HIV is critical for prevention, and primary care providers play an essential role in early HIV screening.

Early milk cereal drink consumption correlated with rapid weight gain but not with subsequent adiposity.

Aim: The role of infant nutrition in rapid weight gain (RWG) is not well understood. This study investigated associations between milk cereal drinks, early RWG, and later body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

Methods: In total, 1333 children, from three communities in Western Sweden constituted the combined IDEFICS-I.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Survivorship, Version 2.2024.

The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship include recommendations for screening, evaluation, and treatment of psychosocial and physical problems resulting from adult-onset cancer and its treatment. They also include recommendations to promote healthy behaviors and immunizations in survivors and provide a framework for care coordination. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel's current recommendations regarding sexual health and fertility.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Visualizing risk modification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: development and validation of prediction model for personalized interpregnancy weight management.

The growing recognition of the importance of interpregnancy weight management in reducing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) underscores the importance of effective preventive strategies. However, developing effective systems remains a challenge. We aimed to bridge this gap by constructing a prediction model.

Prognostic implication of sarcopenia diagnosed by updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria in older patients with heart failure: Utility and limitation.

Objectives: The utility of the updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria in diagnosing sarcopenia in older patients with heart failure (HF) remains unclear.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and prognostic impact of sarcopenia diagnosed by the updated AWGS criteria in older patients with HF.

Design: Ambispective cohort study.

An arterial spin labeling-based radiomics signature and machine learning for the prediction and detection of various stages of kidney damage due to diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive capabilities of a radiomics signature obtained from arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging in forecasting and detecting stages of kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as to analyze the correlation between texture feature parameters and biological clinical indicators. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the imaging risk factors associated with early renal injury in diabetic patients, with the ultimate goal of offering novel insights for predicting and diagnosing early renal injury and its progression in patients with DM.

Materials And Methods: In total, 42 healthy volunteers (Group A); 68 individuals with diabetes (Group B) who exhibited microalbuminuria, defined by a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)< 30 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the range of 60-120 mL/min/1.

Changes in nutritional status and fatigue and their associations with quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer after surgery: A 12-month longitudinal study.

Objective: This study examined changes in nutritional status, fatigue, and quality of life, and identified longitudinal factors influencing changes in quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer before and 12 months after surgery.

Methods: A longitudinal, correlational, single-group study was conducted on 89 patients with operable pancreatic cancer in Taiwan. Data were collected preoperatively (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months post-surgery using questionnaires- Mini Nutritional Assessment, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General-and through bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength measurement, and the 30-s sit-to-stand test.

Factors associated with functional ability in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy: a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: During and after treatment, esophageal cancer (EC) patients experience changes in body mass index (BMI), performance status, nutrition status, symptom distress, and physical fitness. This study aims to evaluate temporal changes and their associated factors in BMI, performance status, nutrition status, symptom distress, physical fitness, and functional ability in EC patients during and after treatment.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study recruited EC patients from a medical center in Northern Taiwan.

The impact of overseas assignments on metabolic factors: Panasonic cohort study 23.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of overseas assignments on the metabolic factors associated with lifestyle disease including body mass index, blood pressure, plasma glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzyme, and uric acid in Japanese individuals.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using annual health examination data from employees of the Panasonic Corporation in Japan. We evaluated the differences in the changes in metabolic factors associated with lifestyle disease during the observation periods between the overseas and non-overseas assignment groups.

A worldwide study of subcortical shape as a marker for clinical staging in Parkinson's disease.

Alterations in subcortical brain regions are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, associations between clinical expression and regional morphological abnormalities of the basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are not well established. We analyzed 3D T1-weighted brain MRI and clinical data from 2525 individuals with PD and 1326 controls from 22 global sources in the ENIGMA-PD consortium.

Associations between muscle quality and whole-body vibration exercise-induced changes in plasma hypoxanthine following an oral glucose load in healthy male subjects.

Blood levels of hypoxanthine (HX) have been suggested as potential biomarkers associated with intramuscular metabolic dynamics in response to exercise. This pilot randomized crossover trial (UMIN000036520) aimed to investigate the changes in plasma HX after whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) and their relationships with body composition and muscle-related parameters, enrolling eighteen healthy male volunteers. In the WBVE-alone intervention, the study subjects performed 20-min of WBVE.

A ZnO-nanorod/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite functionalized bridge-like membrane type nanomechanical sensing device for ultrasensitive blood lead detection.

Lead (Pb) ion detection poses a critical problem, particularly in environmental monitoring, industrial operations, and public health, especially for young children and expecting women. Determining lead levels in blood early on is essential to minimizing the long-term consequences of lead exposure. Several sophisticated detection instruments, such as mass spectrometers which perform with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, but require a lab-based setting, multi-step sample preparation, expensive payment and professional operation.

Recommendations for Clinicians, Technologists, and Healthcare Organizations on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Position Statement from the Society of General Internal Medicine.

Generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) is a new technology with potentially broad applications across important domains of healthcare, but serious questions remain about how to balance the promise of generative AI against unintended consequences from adoption of these tools. In this position statement, we provide recommendations on behalf of the Society of General Internal Medicine on how clinicians, technologists, and healthcare organizations can approach the use of these tools. We focus on three major domains of medical practice where clinicians and technology experts believe generative AI will have substantial immediate and long-term impacts: clinical decision-making, health systems optimization, and the patient-physician relationship.

Longitudinal changes in preschoolers' adiposity indicators according to compliance with 24-hour movement behavior guidelines: results from the ToyBox-study.

Background: There is a lack of studies evaluating longitudinal changes in adiposity indicators and the association with 24-hour movement behavior guidelines in preschoolers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate associations between changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, and compliance with the 24-hour movement behavior guidelines in three- to six-year-old children from a European sample.

Methods: In total, data from a European sample of 719 preschoolers (50.