Integrating Implementation Science in Interpersonal Violence Research and Practice: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators of Implementation.

Despite the prevalence and harmful consequences of interpersonal violence and the growth in intervention research, applying research evidence and strategies into practice remains limited. This systematic review addresses this gap by using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to characterize barriers and facilitators in efforts to prevent and address interpersonal violence. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and APA PsycInfo.

Advance care planning in adults ages 80 years and older with impaired cognition: Using actual conversations to examine best practices.

Introduction: Recommendations for advance care planning (ACP) in persons with cognitive impairment are based on expert input without insight from actual ACP conversations.

Methods: We used thematic analysis to analyze transcripts of ACP conversations for 88 older adults with normal cognition (n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (n = 13), and scores consistent with dementia (n = 60).

Results: Patients with dementia were least verbally active; however, some shared values and identified surrogates.

Examining dimensions of help-seeking intentions and associations with personal mental illness stigma among racial and ethnic minority immigrants.

This study examined the factor structure of the General Help-seeking Questionnaire and how personal mental illness stigma was associated with different types of help-seeking intentions among racial and ethnic minority immigrants in the United States. A sample of 202 immigrants aged 18-39 were recruited from a Qualtrics panel and completed the online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted.

Provider preparedness to care for sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adult cancer patients: A scoping review.

Objective: The purpose of the current scoping review is to explore knowledge and gaps in the literature on the preparedness of health care providers (HCPs) to deliver cancer care that addresses the needs of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients diagnosed with cancer between ages 15-39 years.

Methods: We conducted two comprehensive searches on OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in February 2022 and June 2024; examined the empirical literature on HCPs who treat SGM AYA cancer patients; characterized existing research; and evaluated each contribution.

Results: A total of thirteen articles were included in the final review.

Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.

Purpose: Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer face significant psychological distress and encounter barriers accessing mental health care. However, limited research exists on psychological health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) survivors of AYA cancer, particularly in comparison with heterosexual survivors and LGB individuals without a history of cancer.

Methods: Using the National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018), we identified LGB survivors of AYA cancer, LGB individuals without a history of cancer, and heterosexual survivors of AYA cancer.

Adapting an Intervention to Address Barriers to Pain Management in Hospice: Formative Research to Inform EMPOWER-D for Dementia Caregivers.

Background: Nearly half of more than 1.7 million older Americans who receive hospice care each year have a primary or comorbid diagnosis of dementia. Pain is often undertreated in this patient population owing to myriad factors, including unmet informational needs among family caregivers.

Anticipatory Guidance: Developing a Patient Navigation Pathway to Reduce the Financial Toxicity of Cancer.

Background: Healthcare providers have an influential role in the experience of financial toxicity among their cancer patients, yet patients commonly report unmet needs and dissatisfaction regarding communication with their providers about financial concerns.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to develop a novel financial navigation pathway that leverages existing patient financial services and resources with corresponding patient-centered, community-informed strategies, via study participants, that may be utilized in routine care to reduce financial hardship among cancer patients.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (n=50) with 34 cancer patients and 16 cancer care professionals at a National Cancer Institute designated comprehensive cancer center located in a dense urban area of the US between December2022 to June 2023.

Further Psychometric Evaluation of the Eight-Item Hospice Philosophy Scale: Results From a National Sample of Interdisciplinary Hospice Clinicians.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the eight-item Hospice Philosophy Scale (HPS-8) through confirmatory factor analysis; differential item functioning by age, gender, race, and professional discipline; and internal consistency reliability. We administered the HPS-8 to a national convenience sample of 471 interdisciplinary hospice clinicians. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported a one-factor model with an error correlation between two similarly worded items, χ(19) = 48.

Respect for the Patient-Oncologist Relationship May Limit Serious Illness Communication by Acute and Postacute Care Clinicians After Discharge to a Skilled Nursing Facility.

Purpose: There is a need to increase palliative care access for hospitalized older adults with cancer discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) at risk of poor outcomes. Assessing and Listening to Individual Goals and Needs (ALIGN) is a palliative care intervention developed to address this gap. This study gathered perspectives from clinicians across care settings to describe perceptions on serious illness communication and care coordination for patients with cancer after discharge to a SNF to guide ALIGN refinements.

Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Black survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.

Background: Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer experience significant psychological distress and encounter barriers to accessing mental health care. Few studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in psychological health outcomes among AYA survivors, and none have compared outcomes within a racially minoritized population.

Methods: National Health Interview Survey data (2010-2018) were analyzed that identified non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) survivors of AYA cancer and age- and sex-matched Black noncancer controls.

Spanish Translation and Dissemination of EMPOWER Materials to Address Barriers to Pain Management at the End of Life.

Introduction: The Effective Management of Pain by Overcoming Worries to Enable Relief (EMPOWER) intervention is an evidence-supported approach for addressing barriers to pain management (e.g., patient/family concerns about addiction) at the end of life.

"We Take Care of Our Young, No Matter What," Experiences of Engagement in HIV Care Among Black Mothers Parenting Dependent Children in Southwestern Pennsylvania: A Retrospective Descriptive Qualitative Study.

This retrospective descriptive study sought to explore the lived experiences of Black mothers with HIV navigating HIV medical care while parenting dependent children. Six themes were generated from the semi-structured interviews conducted with mothers ( N = 9) related to motherhood, interactions with health care systems and providers, coping, social support, HIV self-management, and HIV prevention. Findings suggested that supportive interpersonal relationships with HIV health care providers, HIV nondisclosure to family and friends, and social network support, inclusive of health care providers, were protective factors in achieving optimal treatment adherence and viral suppression.

A Process Evaluation of a Palliative Care Social Work Intervention for Cancer Patients in Skilled Nursing Facilities.

Assessing and Listening to Individual Goals and Needs (ALIGN) is a palliative care social work intervention that aims to improve delivery of goal-concordant care for hospitalized older adults with cancer discharged to skilled nursing facilities. Explore processes through which ALIGN may improve delivery of goal-concordant care to substantiate the conceptual model grounding the intervention and to inform mechanistic hypotheses of how the intervention might be effective. A process evaluation triangulating findings from patient and caregiver interviews with a matrix analysis of ALIGN social worker notes.

Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in Maryland (2018), by Industry and Occupation.

Objectives: Opioid-related overdose deaths (OROD) increase annually, yet little is known about workplace risk factors. This study assessed differences in OROD rates across industry and occupation in Maryland, in addition to demographic differences within industry and occupation.

Methods: The 2018 State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System was used to compare OROD between industries and occupations.

Logotherapy-Based Interventions for Chinese Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia Through Online Groups: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Chinese family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) can suffer from physical and psychological burden. This study aimed to examine the effects of logotherapy-based interventions on Chinese family caregivers of older adults with dementia to decrease caregiver burden. This mixed-methods study used a pre-experimental design with pre-posttests and semi-structured interviews.

Racial/ethnic/gender-Based Differences in Health Trajectories Among American Older Adults: 10-Year Longitudinal Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.

Health disparity by race/ethnicity or gender has been well-documented. However, few researchers have examined health outcomes based on the intersection of individuals' race, ethnicity, and gender or investigated various health dimensions. Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study explores racial/ethnic/gender-based differences in trajectories of multiple health outcomes over a ten-year period among American older adults.

BIPOC experiences of (anti-)racist patient engagement in adolescent and young adult oncology research: an electronic Delphi study.

To characterize Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients' experiences of patient engagement in AYA oncology and derive best practices that are co-developed by BIPOC AYAs and oncology professionals. Following a previous call to action from AYA oncology professionals, a panel of experts composed exclusively of BIPOC AYA cancer patients (n = 32) participated in an electronic Delphi study. Emergent themes described BIPOC AYA cancer patients' direct experiences and consensus opinion on recommendations to advance antiracist patient engagement from BIPOC AYA cancer patients and oncology professionals.

Higher perceived stress during admission is associated with shorter retention in short-term residential substance use disorder treatment.

Introduction: Over one million people in the U.S. received residential treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) in 2020.

Spirituality moderates the relationship between cancer caregiver burden and depression.

Objectives: Cancer has become a chronic disease that requires a considerable amount of informal caregiving, often quite burdensome to family caregivers. However, the influence of spirituality on the caregivers' burden and mental health outcomes has been understudied. This study was to examine how caregiver burden, spirituality, and depression change during cancer treatment and investigate the moderating role of spirituality in the relationship between caregiver burden and depression for a sample of caregivers of persons with cancer.

Early emotional caregiving environment and associations with memory performance and hippocampal volume in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure.

Early adversities, including prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and a negative postnatal emotional caregiving environment, impact children's long-term development. The protracted developmental course of memory and its underlying neural systems offer a valuable framework for understanding the longitudinal associations of pre- and postnatal factors on children with PDE. This study longitudinally examines memory and hippocampal development in 69 parent-child dyads to investigate how the early caregiving emotional environment affects children with PDE's neural and cognitive systems.

Risk of chronic health conditions in lesbian, gay, and bisexual survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers.

Background: In the general population, individuals with minoritized sexual orientation and gender identity have a higher burden of chronic health conditions than heterosexual individuals. However, the extent to which sexual orientation is associated with excess burden of chronic conditions in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYACS) is unknown.

Methods: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) AYACSs, LGB individuals without a history of cancer, and heterosexual AYACSs were identified by self-reported data from the cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey (2013-2020).

Estimating the Impact of Hospice Care on Key Patient-Family Care Outcomes Using a Nationwide U.S. Probability Sample.

Hospice is touted as an exemplary model for end-of-life care. However, there is little generalizable evidence estimating benefits of hospice at the national level. Using a national population-based probability sample of U.