ChatGPT and the Future of Health Policy Analysis: Potential and Pitfalls of Using ChatGPT in Policymaking.

Scholars increasingly rely on new artificial intelligence models for convenience and simple access to necessities due to the rapid evolution of scientific literature and technology. The invention of ChatGPT by OpenAI stands out as a key example of how significant advances in large language model technology have recently changed the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Since ChatGPT's development, it has been tested by multiple sectors on various topics to see how well it functions in a natural and conversational mode.

An approach to rapid distributed manufacturing of broad spectrum anti-viral griffithsin using cell-free systems to mitigate pandemics.

This study describes the cell-free biomanufacturing of a broad-spectrum antiviral protein, griffithsin (GRFT) such that it can be produced in microgram quantities with consistent purity and potency in less than 24 h. We demonstrate GRFT production using two independent cell-free systems, one plant and one microbial. Griffithsin purity and quality were verified using standard regulatory metrics.

Staged HIV transmission and treatment in a dynamic model with long-term partnerships.

The transmission dynamics of HIV are closely tied to the duration and overlap of sexual partnerships. We develop an autonomous population model that can account for the possibilities of an infection from either a casual sexual partner or a long-term partner who was either infected at the start of the partnership or has been newly infected since the onset of the partnership. The impact of the long-term partnerships on the rate of infection is captured by calculating the expected values of the rate of infection from these extended contacts.

Combining data and theory for derivable scientific discovery with AI-Descartes.

Scientists aim to discover meaningful formulae that accurately describe experimental data. Mathematical models of natural phenomena can be manually created from domain knowledge and fitted to data, or, in contrast, created automatically from large datasets with machine-learning algorithms. The problem of incorporating prior knowledge expressed as constraints on the functional form of a learned model has been studied before, while finding models that are consistent with prior knowledge expressed via general logical axioms is an open problem.

Crystal structure of a highly conserved enteroviral 5' cloverleaf RNA replication element.

The extreme 5'-end of the enterovirus RNA genome contains a conserved cloverleaf-like domain that recruits 3CD and PCBP proteins required for initiating genome replication. Here, we report the crystal structure at 1.9 Å resolution of this domain from the CVB3 genome in complex with an antibody chaperone.

Reconstitution of the Arginyltransferase (ATE1) Iron-Sulfur Cluster.

As global regulators of eukaryotic homeostasis, arginyltransferases (ATE1s) have essential functions within the cell. Thus, the regulation of ATE1 is paramount. It was previously postulated that ATE1 was a hemoprotein and that heme was an operative cofactor responsible for enzymatic regulation and inactivation.

Standardization of near infrared spectroscopies via sample spectral correlation equalization.

A novel method for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy spectra standardization is presented. NIR spectroscopies have been widely used in analytical chemistry, and many methods have been developed for NIR spectra standardization. To establish a robust standardization transformation, most existing methods require spectral data sets from both primal and secondary instruments for 1-1 correspondence validation.

The effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of a 4-week DBT-informed group therapy in increasing psychological resilience for college students with mental health issues.

Objective: An adapted, time-limited dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training group therapy can prove to be an evidence-based treatment that can easily fit the needs, demands, and limitations of University Counseling Centers to serve college students with mental disorders. The present naturalistic study investigated the effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of a 4-week DBT-informed group therapy in enhancing psychological resilience.

Methods: Participants included 59 college students with heterogeneous mental health concerns.

Engineering giant excitonic coupling in bioinspired, covalently bridged BODIPY dyads.

Strong excitonic coupling in photosynthetic systems is believed to enable efficient light absorption and quantitative charge separation, motivating the development of artificial multi-chromophore arrays with equally strong or even stronger excitonic coupling. However, large excitonic coupling strengths have typically been accompanied by fast non-radiative recombination, limiting the potential of the arrays for solar energy conversion as well as other applications such as fluorescent labeling. Here, we report giant excitonic coupling leading to broad optical absorption in bioinspired BODIPY dyads that have high photostability, excited-state lifetimes at the nanosecond scale, and fluorescence quantum yields of nearly 50%.

Structural causal model with expert augmented knowledge to estimate the effect of oxygen therapy on mortality in the ICU.

Recent advances in causal inference techniques, more specifically, in the theory of structural causal models, provide the framework for identifying causal effects from observational data in cases where the causal graph is identifiable, i.e., the data generation mechanism can be recovered from the joint distribution.

Examining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Coping and Stress Within an Environmental Riskscape.

Existing research on racial/ethnic differences in stress and coping is limited by small samples, single-item measures, and lack of inclusion of Mexican Americans. We address these gaps by analyzing data from the Texas City Stress and Health Study, a cross-sectional sample of Black (N = 257), White (N = 304), US-born (N = 689), and foreign-born (N = 749) Mexican Americans residing in proximity to a petrochemical complex. We compared active and avoidant coping by race/ethnicity and explored multivariable associations between coping and perceived stress.

Iron-sulfur clusters are involved in post-translational arginylation.

Eukaryotic arginylation is an essential post-translational modification that modulates protein stability and regulates protein half-life. Arginylation is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as the arginyl-tRNA transferases (ATE1s), which are conserved across the eukaryotic domain. Despite their conservation and importance, little is known regarding the structure, mechanism, and regulation of ATE1s.

The preparation of recombinant arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1) for biophysical characterization.

Arginyltransferases (ATE1s) are eukaryotic enzymes that catalyze the non-ribosomal, post-translational addition of the amino acid arginine to an acceptor protein. While understudied, post-translation arginylation and ATE1 have major impacts on eukaryotic cellular homeostasis through both degradative and non-degradative effects on the intracellular proteome. Consequently, ATE1-catalyzed arginylation impacts major eukaryotic biological processes including the stress response, cellular motility, cardiovascular maturation, and even neurological function.

A Qualitative, Multiperspective Inquiry of Multiple Sclerosis Telemedicine in the United States.

Background: Telemedicine has expanded access to high-quality, appropriate, and affordable health care for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explored how the expansion of MS telemedicine is perceived and experienced by people with MS, health care providers (HCPs), and payers and policy experts (PYs).

Methods: Forty-five semistructured interviews with 20 individuals with MS, 15 HCPs, and 10 PYs were conducted between September 2020 and January 2021.

Development of a real-time quantitative PCR assay for detection and quantification of the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii from coastal environments.

Alteromonas macleodii is a ubiquitous marine bacterial species found in a variety of habitats that displays both planktonic and particle-associated lifestyles. Transcriptomic studies demonstrate that, even when present at low abundance, it can make significant contributions to biogeochemical cycles, and its specific association with key marine phytoplankton species indicates other ecological roles as well. It has also been shown to be one of the early colonizers of copper-treated marine vessels.

Predicting Hospital Readmissions in a Commercially Insured Population over Varying Time Horizons.

Background: Reducing hospital readmissions is a federal policy priority, and predictive models of hospital readmissions have proliferated in recent years; however, most such models tend to focus on the 30-day readmission time horizon and do not consider readmission over shorter (or longer) windows.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a predictive model of hospital readmissions over three different readmission timeframes in a commercially insured population.

Design: Retrospective multivariate logistic regression with an 80/20 train/test split.

Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 1 Exhibits Enzymatic Activity toward Tenofovir Diphosphate.

Tenofovir (TFV; prescribed as TFV disoproxil fumarate and TFV alafenamide prodrugs) is currently used for HIV prevention and treatment. TFV must be phosphorylated twice into TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) to become pharmacologically active. Previously, we reported heterogeneity in TFV-DP distribution in colorectal tissue (a putative site of HIV infection) sections collected from research participants receiving a TFV-containing enema.

The price paradox of biosimilar-like long-acting insulin.

Objectives: To describe the uptake and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of Basaglar, the first long-acting insulin biosimilar, in a commercially insured population in the United States.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of commercial pharmacy claims and pharmacy co-payment offsets.

Methods: We assessed Basaglar uptake by examining trends in the composition of the long-acting insulin market in the United States from 2014 to 2018.

The interaction, mechanism and function of GPR158-RGS7 cross-talk.

GPR158 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is broadly expressed in the brain and displays unique structural characteristics and signaling mechanisms. GPR158 is a binding partner for the regulator of G protein signaling 7 (RGS7) and augments its expression, subcellular localization, and catalytic activity. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies have revealed the structure of GPR158 alone and in complex with RGS7.

Modular and efficient synthesis of a poly (propylene imine) (PPI) dendron applied to acid-sensitive doxorubicin conjugation.

The shorter synthesis of a novel poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendron that can be quantitatively conjugated in good yields in a modular fashion to various modified Michael acceptors is reported herein. The focal point of the PPI dendron was coupled to an ester-linked thioctic acid-modified spacer to allow for an improved scalable synthesis and to allow attachment to other suitable systems, such as nanoparticle surfaces. The two modified Michael acceptors reported here are an acyl hydrazine Michael acceptor as well as an azide Michael acceptor.

Association of polysubstance use disorder with treatment quality among Medicaid beneficiaries with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: The opioid crisis is transitioning to a polydrug crisis, and individuals with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUDs) often have unique clinical characteristics and contextual barriers that influence treatment needs, engagement in treatment, complexity of treatment planning, and treatment retention.

Methods: Using Medicaid data for 2017-2018 from four states participating in a distributed research network, this retrospective cohort study documents the prevalence of specific types of co-occurring SUD among Medicaid enrollees with an opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis, and assesses the extent to which different SUD presentations are associated with differential patterns of MOUD and psychosocial treatments.

Results: We find that more than half of enrollees with OUD had a co-occurring SUD, and the most prevalent co-occurring SUD was for "other psychoactive substances", indicated among about one-quarter of enrollees with OUD in each state.

Genome Sequences of Bacteriophages Fabian, FlowerPower, Geostin, RetrieverFever, and Vorvolakos.

This paper reports the genome sequences of five bacteriophages that were isolated using Streptomyces scabiei. Phages Fabian, FlowerPower, Geostin, RetrieverFever, and Vorvolakos were assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster BF based on shared gene content, with each phage containing between 16 and 21 tRNA genes.

Complete Genome Sequences of Bacteriophages Annihilus, TonyStarch, Thiqqums, CricKo, ClubPenguin, RosaAsantewaa, and PherryCruz.

Seven siphoviruses were isolated from soil using hosts. Their genome sequences ranged from 42,730 to 57,624 bp long and had a GC content of approximately 60%. Based on their gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, all seven phages were assigned to cluster BI.