Naturally occurring variation in a cytochrome P450 modifies thiabendazole responses independently of beta-tubulin.

Widespread anthelmintic resistance has complicated the management of parasitic nematodes. Resistance to the benzimidazole (BZ) drug class is nearly ubiquitous in many species and is associated with mutations in beta-tubulin genes. However, mutations in beta-tubulin alone do not fully explain all BZ resistance.

Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.

End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).

Injury induced endotheliopathy: overview, diagnosis, and management.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to examine recent advances in the understanding of injury-induced endotheliopathy and therapeutics to mitigate its development in critically injured patients.

Recent Findings: Clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that syndecan-1 ectodomains can be found in circulation after various types of trauma and injury and correlates with worse outcomes. As the mechanisms of endotheliopathy are better understood, pathologic hyperadhesive forms of von Willebrand factor, along with a relative deficiency of its cleaving enzyme, a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motifs, member 13 (ADAMTS13), have emerged as additional biomarkers.

Knowledge and Use of Menthol-Mimicking Cigarettes Among Adults in the US.

Importance: Cigarette companies have been introducing synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes into the US marketplace as menthol cigarette bans are implemented. These cigarettes may reduce the public health benefits of menthol cigarette bans.

Objective: To examine the epidemiology of the use of synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes among adults in the US.

Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with psychological distress, subsequent fractures, loss of independence, reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, and death.

Objective: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures in adults 40 years or older with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis or history of fragility fracture.

Population: Adults 40 years or older without known osteoporosis or history of fragility fractures.

Home Health Care Research for Children With Disability and Medical Complexity.

Pediatric home health care represents a vital system of care for children with disability and medical complexity, encompassing services provided by family caregivers and nonfamily home health care providers and the use of durable medical equipment and supplies. Home health care is medically necessary for the physiologic health of children with disability and medical complexity and for their participation and function within home, school, and community settings. While the study of pediatric home health care in the United States has increased in the last decade, its research remains primarily methodologically limited to observational studies.

Design and implementation of optics for the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (EXCLAIM).

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide at redshifts z < 1 and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts z = 2.5 - 3.

A One-Dimensional Energy Balance Model Parameterization for the Formation of CO Ice on the Surfaces of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets.

Eccentric planets may spend a significant portion of their orbits at large distances from their host stars, where low temperatures can cause atmospheric CO to condense out onto the surface, similar to the polar ice caps on Mars. The radiative effects on the climates of these planets throughout their orbits would depend on the wavelength-dependent albedo of surface CO ice that may accumulate at or near apoastron and vary according to the spectral energy distribution of the host star. To explore these possible effects, we incorporated a CO ice-albedo parameterization into a one-dimensional energy balance climate model.

Target an arbitrary probability of response using weighted staircase procedures.

Threshold estimation procedures are widely used to measure the stimulus level corresponding to a specified probability of response. The weighted up-and-down procedure, familiar to many due to its use in standard pure-tone audiometry, allows the experimenter to target any probability of response by using different ascending and descending step sizes. Unfortunately, thresholds have a signed mean error that made using weighted staircases inadvisable.

Faculty rewards from course-based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) in biochemistry.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) courses. These courses provide research opportunities for many more students than are typically exposed to traditional independent research experiences, including women, historically underrepresented groups in science, and non-traditional students. However, the benefits for faculty who teach CURE courses have been less well documented, potentially discouraging faculty from offering such courses.

Optimizing Exposure Measures in Large-Scale Household Air Pollution Studies: Results from the Multicountry HAPIN Trial.

Repeated measurements of household air pollution may provide better estimates of average exposure but can add to costs and participant burden. In a randomized trial of gas versus biomass cookstoves in four countries, we took supplemental personal 24-h measurements on a 10% subsample for mothers and infants, interspersed between protocol samples. Mothers had up to five postrandomization protocol measurements over 16 months, while infants had three measurements over one year.

Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.

Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is highly prevalent in late life and a common co-pathology with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC is a slowly progressive, amnestic clinical syndrome. Alternatively, when present with ADNC, LATE-NC is associated with a more rapid course.

Towards a unified approach in managing resistance to vaccines, drugs, and pesticides.

Everywhere, pests and pathogens evolve resistance to our control efforts, impairing human health and welfare. Developing sustainable solutions to this problem requires working with evolved immune and ecological systems, rather than against these evolutionary forces. We advocate a transdisciplinary approach to resistance based on an evolutionary foundation informed by the concepts of integrated pest management and One Health.

HIF1α Plays a Crucial Role in the Development of TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma by Orchestrating a Metabolic Shift Toward Fatty Acid Synthesis.

Tumor development often requires cellular adaptation to a unique, high metabolic state; however, the molecular mechanisms that drive such metabolic changes in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) remain poorly understood. TFE3-RCC, a rare subtype of RCC, is defined by the formation of chimeric proteins involving the transcription factor TFE3. In this study, we analyzed cell lines and genetically engineered mice, demonstrating that the expression of the chimeric protein PRCC-TFE3 induced a hypoxia-related signature by transcriptionally upregulating HIF1α and HIF2α.

Exposure Contrasts of Women Aged 40-79 Years during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to adverse health outcomes among women aged 40-79. Little is known about how shifting from biomass cooking to a cleaner fuel like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) could impact exposures for this population. We report 24-h exposures to particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) among women aged 40 to <80 years participating in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial.

Evaluation of the Soda Tax on Obesity and Diabetes in California: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Unlabelled: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to weight gain, obesity, and diabetes. Soda tax has been proposed to reduce consumption of SSBs. What remains unclear is whether the soda tax has an effect on health and health care costs.

Sustainable corrosion prevention of mild steel in acidic media with herb extract.

Mild steel provides strength to various building and industrial materials but it is badly affected by corrosion. In the present study, we investigate the efficacy of , a plant-based green corrosion inhibitor to minimize mild steel corrosion in a 1 M HSO solution. Weight loss, surface coverage, inhibition efficiency, and corrosion rate measurements were evaluated for various inhibitor concentrations and time intervals.

Sensitivity of future regional and global energy markets and macroeconomic activity to a hypothetical global energy market disruption.

In this paper we contribute to a long history of research studying interactions between energy systems, international energy trade, and macroeconomic activity. We develop and employ methods to quantify transmission pathways for energy markets to affect the macroeconomy and CO emissions. We track the long-term consequences of a hypothetical permanent disruption to global energy markets, cession of Russian fossil fuel exports, for energy markets, regional and global economic activity (gross domestic product [GDP]), labor and capital markets, and CO emissions against two dramatically different reference scenarios.

Electrically Active Biomaterials for Stimulation and Regeneration in Tissue Engineering.

In the human body, bioelectric cues are crucial for tissue stimulation and regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) significantly enhances the regeneration of nerves, bones, cardiovascular tissues, and wounds. However, the use of conventional devices with stimulating metal electrodes is invasive and requires external batteries.

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.

Cohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy roll-out, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - the multicentre, multimethod PotPrev Study.

Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.

Effect of multiple counselling contacts along the continuum of care on use of postpartum family planning in a cohort of Ethiopian women: a dose-response analysis.

Objective: Dose-response analysis of the effect of each additional contact where family planning (FP) was discussed during antenatal, delivery, postnatal or immunisation visits on the uptake of postpartum family planning (PPFP) within 12 months.

Design: A cohort where pregnant women were enrolled and reinterviewed approximately 12 months postpartum. Life table analyses examined differentials in probabilities of adopting contraception over 12 months postpartum by level of exposure to FP counselling.

Heart-brain microvascular MRI study: protocol for a multicentre, observational, cohort study in the UK assessing associations between small vessel disease of the heart and brain.

Introduction: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of dementia and stroke. While coronary small vessel disease (coronary microvascular dysfunction) causes microvascular angina and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.