The stability of ethnic identity in England and Wales 2001-2011.

The instability of ethnicity measured in the national census is found to have doubled from the period 1991-2001 to the period 2001-2011, using the Longitudinal Study that links a sample of individuals' census records across time. From internal evidence and comparison with results from the Census Quality Survey and the Labour Force Survey, estimates are made of instability due to changing question wording, imputation of missing answers, proxy reporting, recording errors and changes in the allocation of write-in answers. Of the remaining instability, durable changes of ethnicity by individuals are thought to be considerably less common than changes due to a person's sense of identity not closely fitting the categories offered in the census question.

Integrated modelling of age and sex patterns of European migration.

Age and sex patterns of migration are essential for understanding drivers of population change and heterogeneity of migrant groups. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate such patterns for international migration in the European Union and European Free Trade Association from 2002 to 2008, which was a period of time when the number of members expanded from 19 to 31 countries. Our model corrects for the inadequacies and inconsistencies in the available data and estimates the missing patterns.

Multiple-membership multiple-classification models for social network and group dependences.

The social network literature on network dependences has largely ignored other sources of dependence, such as the school that a student attends, or the area in which an individual lives. The multilevel modelling literature on school and area dependences has, in turn, largely ignored social networks. To bridge this divide, a multiple-membership multiple-classification modelling approach for jointly investigating social network and group dependences is presented.

The impact of a toolkit on use of standardised measurement tools in stroke rehabilitation.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a toolkit of psychometrically robust measurement tools, the Greater Manchester Assessment for Stroke Rehabilitation (G-MASTER) toolkit, on the use of measurement tools during stroke rehabilitation

Design: Mixed methods cohort design using non-participant observation of multi-disciplinary team meetings and semi-structured interviews with members of the team over three months before and three months after implementation of the assessment toolkit. Development and implementation of the toolkit are also described.

Setting: Ten in-patient stroke services in a large UK city.

Task modulation of brain responses in visual word recognition as studied using EEG/MEG and fMRI.

Do task demands change the way we extract information from a stimulus, or only how we use this information for decision making? In order to answer this question for visual word recognition, we used EEG/MEG as well as fMRI to determine the latency ranges and spatial areas in which brain activation to words is modulated by task demands. We presented letter strings in three tasks (lexical decision, semantic decision, silent reading), and measured combined EEG/MEG as well as fMRI responses in two separate experiments. EEG/MEG sensor statistics revealed the earliest reliable task effects at around 150 ms, which were localized, using minimum norm estimates (MNE), to left inferior temporal, right anterior temporal and left precentral gyri.

Letter from America: UK and US state-funded dental provision.

Objectives: Current UK and US economic conditions have re-focussed attention on the need to deliver dental care with limited finance and resources. This raises hard questions determining which services will be offered and what they should achieve to satisfy public demands and needs. We consider impending dental health reforms in the US and UK within the context of contemporary experiences to identify issues and delivery goals for the two nations.

"Do none of you talk to each other?": the challenges facing the implementation of interprofessional education.

There is a growing interest internationally in the development of interprofessional education (IPE), with the potential goal of achieving more effective healthcare delivery. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of introducing IPE within undergraduate health professional programmes, using a systematic review of the evidence and focus-group interviews. This paper reports findings from the focus-group interviews.

Contemporary experience with the management of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.

Experience with 40 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia seen during the 7-year period 1992-98 is detailed. The average age was 46.2 years and 27 of the patients (67.