Predictors of donation after circulatory death lung utilization and allograft survival.

Background: Understanding donor factors associated with successful lung transplantation (LTx) following donation after circulatory death (DCD) is important in optimizing donor management. In this study, we examined critical care and ventilatory factors associated with DCD LTx and allograft survival using a unique detailed donor management database.

Methods: The Donor Management Goals national registry was queried for DCD donors between January 2016 and July 2023.

Research report: Management of dysphagia using pharyngeal electrical stimulation in the general intensive care population - A service development.

Background: Dysphagia places a substantial burden on the critically ill, affecting 12%-84% of this cohort, and is independently associated with worse outcomes. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES-treatment) is a novel dysphagia therapy with an emerging evidence base. This retrospective observational study describes our dysphagia service and reports the use of PES-treatment as a standard of care in recovering critically ill patients at a single-site tertiary UK hospital.

Donor and recipient factors associated with primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation: A donor management goal registry analysis.

Background: Current risk-adjusted models for predicting primary graft dysfunction (PGD) following lung transplantation (LTx) do not include bedside donor critical care data. Donor management goals (DMGs) represent predefined critical care endpoints aimed at optimizing multiorgan donor management. Here we sought to identify novel predictors to better understand the relationship between donor management and PGD following LTx.

Implications of the Composite Allocation Score System for Lung Transplantation in the United States: Review of the New System.

Due to criticism regarding undue adherence to fixed geographic boundaries, the Lung Allocation Score system was recently replaced by the more holistic allocation via continuous distribution. This review highlights the historical evolution of US lung allocation paradigms, outlines rationale for continuous distribution under the Composite Allocation Score system and discusses expected implications of this new system.

Embracing Digital Transformation: A Three-Cycle Audit on Improving Intraoperative Tourniquet Documentation Following BOAST (British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma) Guidelines.

Introduction Tourniquets are vital devices in orthopaedic surgery that aid in creating a bloodless field. While they reduce operative time and outcomes, improper use can lead to severe complications. The British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) offers guidelines for safe intraoperative tourniquet usage, emphasising proper application and accurate documentation.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement surgery: A multi-national survey of temporomandibular joint surgeons.

Temporomandibular disorders include a wide spectrum of extra-articular and intra-articular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In salvage cases involving intra-articular end-stage disease, alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a management option which can be utilised to rehabilitate a disabled joint's function and form. Whilst post-TMJR infection is rare, it is one of the most serious complications.

A Retrospective Audit of the Triage Process Introduced for Breast Referrals Received During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: Due to restrictions on breast clinic appointments during the Covid-19 pandemic, a triage process was introduced for new patient referrals. The robustness of this process was examined by analysing the incidence of cancer diagnosis and wait times to treatment.

Methods: Patients were triaged by secondary care consultant surgeons to an urgent appointment if they had high-risk symptoms based on prespecified guidelines eg, a lump or previous cancer.

Short-term outcomes after third-time lung transplantation: A single institution experience.

Background: Reoperative lung transplantation (LTx) survival has improved over time such that a growing number of patients may present for third-time LTx (L3Tx). To understand the safety of L3Tx, we evaluated perioperative outcomes and 3-year survival after L3Tx at a high-volume US LTx center.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients who underwent bilateral L3Tx at our institution.

A general health economics review of the hidden costs involved in discharging coeliac patients from hospital-based specialty clinics to community-based management.

Aim: The aim of this work was to highlight the impact and hidden costs incurred by the NHS in supporting this management process.

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is a common auto-immune condition which affects around 1% of the general population. In 2005 there was a drive by the government to discharge patients with CD from specialist hospital follow up to community-based management to improve cost efficiency.

Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a Behavioural Disorder? An Evidence Review for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Remission through Lifestyle Modification.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily rising worldwide due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle combined with unhealthy food habits. Currently, the burden of diabetes on healthcare systems is unprecedented and rising daily. Several observational studies and randomized controlled trials provide clinical evidence that T2DM remission is possible by adopting dietary interventions and a strict exercise training protocol.

The CLEFT Student Section: Engaging the future of cleft through fundraising; Structure of the section and results from inaugural year.

Background: There is a disparity in access, quality, and sustainability of cleft care in low and middle income countries, where burden of disease is greatest. CLEFT-Bridging the Gap (registered charity number: 1194581) is a UK-based charity that aims is to solve this through teaching, empowerment and development of sustainable cleft services. A Student Section, composed of medical, dental and speech and language therapy students, was established to support these endeavours through fundraising.

Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a disorder in which the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone, is most common in older adults and postmenopausal women. While most people with PHPT are asymptomatic at diagnosis, symptomatic disease can lead to hypercalcaemia, osteoporosis, renal stones, cardiovascular abnormalities and reduced quality of life. Surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue (parathyroidectomy) is the only established treatment for adults with symptomatic PHPT to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and to be cured of PHPT.

Teaching empathy to medical students.

Background: Empathy is a core skill essential to patient-centred care. Yet a decline in empathy throughout undergraduate medical education is well recognised. The mainstay of existing teaching approaches to foster medical students' empathic ability has largely focused on the cognitive domain of empathy within the context of communication skills learning.

Auditory symptoms and autistic spectrum disorder: A scoping review and recommendations for future research.

Introduction: Auditory symptoms in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are well described within the neurodevelopmental literature, yet there is minimal mention of ASD in Otolaryngology literature. This is surprising considering the potential clinical and diagnostic implications of this link, and the potential for ASD to present to Otolaryngologists in the form of unexplained auditory symptoms. The aims of this literature review were to explore the intersection of auditory symptoms and ASD from the perspective of clinical Otolaryngology, and to outline a clinically focused research agenda based on emerging themes relevant to Otolaryngology.

The interface of paediatric ENT and autism spectrum disorder: a complex conundrum for otolaryngologists.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition encompassing complex physical and neurological symptoms, including complex sensory symptoms. This review explores the interface between autism spectrum disorder and paediatric ENT.

Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ('PRISMA') guideline, a robust literature search and review was conducted by two researchers.

How does hip and knee arthroplasty affect golfer performance and what should be expected regarding return to play?

Aims: Hip and knee arthroplasty is commonly performed for end-stage arthritis. There is limited information to guide golfers on the impact this procedure will have postoperatively. This study aimed to determine the impact of lower limb arthroplasty on amateur golfer performance and return to play.

The impact of obesity and bariatric surgery on the immune microenvironment of the endometrium.

Background: The incidence of endometrial cancer is rising in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Obesity increases endometrial cancer risk and weight loss is protective, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesise that the immune microenvironment may influence susceptibility to malignant transformation in the endometrium.