Workplace Violence Is Home Now for Healthcare Workers: Spillover Theory Perspective.

In recent years, workplace violence has become an escalating concern, particularly within the healthcare sector. Healthcare workers, who dedicate their lives to caring for others, are increasingly facing violence within their workplaces as evidenced by existing studies. However, literature overlooks complex associations between workplace violence, workplace stress, and domestic violence and stress.

Longitudinal relationships across sleep, physical activity, and mental wellbeing in early-to-mid-adolescence: a developmental cascades investigation.

Purpose: Sleep (SL), physical activity (PA), and wellbeing (WB) are three factors linked to positive development in adolescence. Despite theoretical support and some empirical evidence of developmental associations between these factors, few studies have rigorously investigated reciprocal associations over time separating between-person and within-person effects, and none have investigated all three in concert. Thus, it remains unclear how the interplay between SL, PA and WB unfolds across time within individuals.

tRNA m1A modification regulates cholesterol biosynthesis to promote antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells.

Activation of CD8+ T cells necessitates rapid metabolic reprogramming to fulfill the substantial biosynthetic demands of effector functions. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms underpinning this process remain obscure. The transfer RNA (tRNA) N1-methyladenine (m1A) modification, essential for tRNA stability and protein translation, has an undefined physiological function in CD8+ T cells, particularly in antitumor responses.

Structural and electronic transition of layered PtSe into non-layered PtSe.

Research into novel two-dimensional (2D) materials has boomed over the past decade, with a bewildering diversity of distinct properties being discovered. In this work, layered PtSe, grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermally converted to non-layered tetragonal PtSe, is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Notably, the resultant PtSe is distinctly metallic, which highlights the significance of sub-stoichiometric phases within transition metal dichalcogenide films.

Exploring child and youth understanding of loneliness through qualitative insights and evaluating loneliness measures considering those lived experiences.

The overall goal of this paper is to enhance the understanding and measurement of loneliness by identifying key experiential characteristics of loneliness in children and adolescents, and determine whether there is a need for refined assessment tools that accurately capture that experience. In Study 1, we synthesized the qualitative research on the child and youth experience of loneliness and found shared characteristics of loneliness, with some differences related to developmental changes (e.g.

Nebulized aminoglycosides for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Methodological considerations and lessons from experimental studies.

Aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent antibiotics exerting a bactericidal effect when concentrations at the site of infection are equal to or greater than 5 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). When administered intravenously, they exhibit poor lung penetration and high systemic renal and ototoxicity, imposing to restrict their administration to 5 days. Experimental studies conducted in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep and pigs provide evidence that high doses of nebulized aminoglycosides induce a rapid and potent bacterial killing in the infected lung parenchyma.

Beyond the null: Recognizing and reporting true negative findings.

Science is based on ideas that might be true or false in describing reality. In order to discern between these two, scientists conduct studies that can reveal evidence for an idea, i.e.

When synthetic biology meets medicine.

In recent years, the world has faced significant challenges with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other infectious diseases such as Zika and Ebola. Furthermore, the rapid rise of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer has placed tremendous strain on healthcare resources and systems. Unfortunately, advancements in drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutics have struggled to keep pace with the emergence and progression of diseases, necessitating the exploration of new technologies for the discovery and development of biomedicines and biotherapies.

A systematic review of the clinical practice guidelines for the assessment, management and treatment of eating disorders during the perinatal period.

Background: Eating disorders during the perinatal period can pose significant risks to both the mother and the baby. Clinical practice guidelines include statements of expected practice intending to improve effectiveness and quality of care within health care services. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesise current clinical practice guideline recommendations on the assessment, management and treatment of eating disorders during the perinatal period.

Facilitating active participation in anticoagulant decisions in advanced kidney disease: co-production of a question prompt list.

Background: People with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of thrombotic and bleeding episodes making anticoagulant treatment decisions challenging. Currently, there are no support tools for people with chronic kidney disease regarding anticoagulant therapy decisions. This work aimed to co-produce materials to support shared-decision making when considering anticoagulant use in advanced chronic kidney disease.

Botulinum toxin-A is ineffective in premature ejaculation treatment: insights from a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

The ejaculatory reflex consists of emission and expulsion, with the latter involving rhythmic muscular contractions that propel seminal fluid. Botulinum toxin, through its inhibitory effects, has been hypothesized to improve premature ejaculation (PE). This study evaluates high-quality evidence on botulinum toxin-A injections into the bulbospongiosal muscle as a treatment for PE.

A systematic review of passive data for remote monitoring in psychosis and schizophrenia.

There is increasing use of digital tools to monitor people with psychosis and schizophrenia remotely, but using this type of data is challenging. This systematic review aimed to summarise how studies processed and analysed data collected through digital devices. In total, 203 articles collecting passive data through smartphones or wearable devices, from participants with psychosis or schizophrenia were included in the review.

The impact of bleaching using 15% carbamide peroxide on surface properties of CAD-CAM composite structures.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the home bleaching method on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of both polished and unpolished CAD-CAM resin composite materials. A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, Enamic (VE), along with four resin composite blocks (RCB) (Grandio [GN], Lava™ Ultimate [LV], BRILLIANT Crios [B], and Cerasmart [CS]), were prepared to dimensions of 14 mm × 12 mm × 2 mm and were categorized into unpolished and polished groups (n = 4). Microhardness measurements were conducted using a Vickers microhardness tester (300 gf load for 20 s) at various time points: before home bleaching, after home bleaching with 15% Opalescence for 8 h and for 56 h, 24 h after bleaching, and one month after bleaching.

Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study.

It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases).

Evaluation of auditory alerting systems for safe electric scooter operations.

It is well understood that a significant shift away from fossil fuel based transportation is necessary to limit the impacts of the climate crisis. Electric micromobility modes, such as electric scooters and electric bikes, have the potential to offer a lower-emission alternative to journeys made with internal combustion engine vehicles, and such modes of transport are becoming increasingly commonplace on our streets. Although offering advantages such as reduced air pollution and greater personal mobility, the widespread approval and uptake of electric micromobility is not without its challenges.

Implementing targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination: a qualitative study.

Background: As the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme progressed, greater emphasis was placed on the implementation of localized targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination coverage. This study examines one UK region's approach to the delivery of targeted vaccination activities and identifies key factors influencing implementation.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of key individuals involved in vaccination delivery across Greater Manchester (GM).

Combined PARP14 inhibition and PD-1 blockade promotes cytotoxic T cell quiescence and modulates macrophage polarization in relapsed melanoma.

Background: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling blockade by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) effectively restores immune surveillance to treat melanoma. However, chronic interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-induced immune homeostatic responses in melanoma cells contribute to immune evasion and acquired resistance to ICI. Poly ADP ribosyl polymerase 14 (PARP14), an IFNγ-responsive gene product, partially mediates IFNγ-driven resistance.

Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications.

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches.

Is Ockham's razor losing its edge? New perspectives on the principle of model parsimony.

The preference for simple explanations, known as the parsimony principle, has long guided the development of scientific theories, hypotheses, and models. Yet recent years have seen a number of successes in employing highly complex models for scientific inquiry (e.g.

Hatching of whipworm eggs induced by bacterial contact is serine-protease dependent.

Whipworms (Trichuris spp) are ubiquitous parasites of humans and domestic and wild mammals that cause chronic disease, considerably impacting human and animal health. Egg hatching is a critical phase in the whipworm life cycle that marks the initiation of infection, with newly hatched larvae rapidly migrating to and invading host intestinal epithelial cells. Hatching is triggered by the host microbiota; however, the physical and chemical interactions between bacteria and whipworm eggs, as well as the bacterial and larval responses that result in the disintegration of the polar plug and larval eclosion, are not completely understood.

Site-selective photo-crosslinking for the characterisation of transient ubiquitin-like protein-protein interactions.

Non-covalent protein-protein interactions are one of the most fundamental building blocks in cellular signalling pathways. Despite this, they have been historically hard to identify using conventional methods due to their often weak and transient nature. Using genetic code expansion and incorporation of commercially available unnatural amino acids, we have developed a highly accessible method whereby interactions between biotinylated ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) probes and their binding partners can be stabilised using ultraviolet (UV) light-induced crosslinks.

Negative Pressure Dressings to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Emergency Laparotomy: The SUNRRISE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients undergoing unplanned abdominal surgical procedures are at increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). It is not known if incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) can reduce SSI rates in this setting.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of iNPWT in reducing the rate of SSI in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy with primary skin closure.

Sleep Quality Among a Sample of Medical Students and the Association with Academic Performance: An Updated Data.

Sleep is influenced by various factors, including social, economic, genetic, and medical factors, and work and study schedules. Medical students are highly susceptible to sleep-related problems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sleep patterns and quality of medical students and determine their correlation with academic achievement.

Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.

Background: People from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to smoke and less likely to succeed in achieving abstinence, making tobacco smoking a leading driver of health inequalities. Contextual factors affecting subpopulations may moderate the efficacy of individual-level smoking cessation interventions. It is not known whether any intervention performs differently across socioeconomically-diverse populations and contexts.