Baricitinib Provides Significant Improvements in Quality of Life and Functioning in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis with Baseline Body Surface Area ≤ 40% and Severe Itch.

Introduction: Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), a body surface area (BSA) of ≤ 40%, and an itch numerical rating scale (NRS) score of ≥ 7 ("BARI itch dominant") have been characterized as an important group to consider for the oral janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (BARI). Herein we aim to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and functioning outcomes in adult patients with BSA ≤ 40% and itch NRS ≥ 7 at baseline (BL) who received BARI 4 mg in the topical corticosteroid (TCS) combination trial BREEZE-AD7.

Materials: BREEZE-AD7 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group outpatient study involving adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD who received once-daily placebo or 2-mg or 4-mg BARI in combination with TCS for 16 weeks.

A randomised feasibility trial comparing group and individual format GROUPS FOR HEALTH interventions for loneliness in people who experience psychosis.

Objectives: Loneliness in people who experience psychosis is common and associated with poor mental health. In this randomised trial, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted Groups for Health (G4H) intervention for loneliness, delivered in group or individual format.

Design: Mixed methods, two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Update on Menopause Hormone Therapy; Current Indications and Unanswered Questions.

Objective: To provide clinicians involved in managing menopause with a summary of current evidence surrounding menopause hormone therapy (MHT).

Design: The authors evaluate and synthesize existing pooled evidence relating to MHT's clinical indications, efficacy, and safety and explore the limitations of existing data.

Patients: The review focuses on MHT-related outcomes in women with natural-timed menopause captured within observational studies, RCTs, and pooled data from pivotal meta-analyses and reviews.

Determining safety, usability, acceptability and potential for clinical use of an innovative walking frame design with in- and community patients.

Purpose: Falls cost the NHS over £2 billion a year, with incidence increasing rapidly with age. Design of indoor walking frames remains limited, often needing to be lifted and not supporting sit-to-stand and turning manoeuvres, which can lead to falling. This study explored aspects of safety and satisfaction and potential for clinical use of a novel prototype walking frame.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic vaping devices that produce an aerosol by heating an e-liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and regulators want to know if ECs can help people quit smoking, and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This is a review update conducted as part of a living systematic review.

Time-varying reproduction number estimation: fusing compartmental models with generalized additive models.

The reproduction number, the mean number of secondary cases infected by each primary case, gives an indication of the effort required to control the disease. Beyond the well-known reproduction number, there are two natural extensions, namely the and reproduction numbers. As behaviour, population immunity and viral characteristics can change with time, these reproduction numbers can vary over time.

Quantifying Bone Collagen Fingerprint Variation Between Species.

Collagen is the most ubiquitous protein in the animal kingdom and one of the most abundant proteins on Earth. Despite having a relatively repetitive amino acid sequence motif that enables its triple helical structure, in type 1 collagen, that dominates skin and bone, there is enough variation for its increasing use for the biomolecular species identification of animal tissues processed or degraded beyond the amenability of DNA-based analyses. In recent years, this has been most commonly achieved through the technique of collagen peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) known as ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry), applied to the analysis of tens of thousands of samples across over one hundred studies in the past decade alone.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal prolapse among the global population.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when one or more pelvic organs (uterus, bowel, bladder or top of the vagina) descend from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Symptoms include pelvic discomfort, fullness, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on symptom severity.

Current attitudes to testicular prosthesis insertion during radical orchidectomy-An international perspective.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess current international clinician practices, attitudes and barriers related to testicular prosthesis implantation in patients with testicular cancer at the time of radical inguinal orchidectomy.

Methods: An international online survey of urologists who perform radical orchidectomy for testicular cancer was developed. The recruitment process used social media and the emailing lists of national urological societies.

Prevalence and Pattern of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Undergraduate Students in Tertiary Institutions, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Background: Sleep is a very important physiologic process which is necessary to maintain a state of well-being. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is prevalent among all age groups with variations in presentation and severity. It is often underreported, especially among young people in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries LMICs.

Perceptions and Attitudes of People With Cancer and Diabetes Towards Patient Guidelines: A Mixed Methods Study.

Objective: To explore patients' perceptions and attitudes towards patient guidelines (PGs) and to identify specific factors related to PG content, design, presentation, and management that may influence patients' use or adoption of PGs.

Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Initial semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse group of individuals, including people with diabetes or oncology, and clinicians.

Barriers and facilitators to engagement with between-session work for low-intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based interventions: a qualitative exploration of practitioner perceptions.

Background: To address the growing demand for psychological treatment, healthcare providers are increasingly utilising low-intensity interventions, characterised by reduced practitioner contact and emphasis on independent patient engagement with therapeutic materials through between-session work (BSW). While BSW is critical for maximising treatment outcomes, patients and practitioners report challenges with its completion. Research identifying factors influencing between-session engagement in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has largely focused on high-intensity CBT, limiting understanding within low-intensity contexts.

The disparities and development trajectories of nations in achieving the sustainable development goals.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for societal progress and planetary health. However, it remains unclear whether universal patterns exist in how nations pursue these goals and whether key development areas are being overlooked. Here, we apply the product space methodology, widely used in development economics, to construct an 'SDG space of nations'.

Tumour hypoxia in driving genomic instability and tumour evolution.

Intratumour hypoxia is a feature of all heterogenous solid tumours. Increased levels or subregions of tumour hypoxia are associated with an adverse clinical prognosis, particularly when this co-occurs with genomic instability. Experimental evidence points to the acquisition of DNA and chromosomal alterations in proliferating hypoxic cells secondary to inhibition of DNA repair pathways such as homologous recombination, base excision repair and mismatch repair.

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Courts: How England and Wales Could Benefit From Following an Australian Model.

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of symptoms and signs that may follow from exposure of the unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. Characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, one secondary outcome from FASD, is encounters with the criminal justice system (CJS). In some countries, for example, England and Wales, it seems likely that many cases are missed at this point and, thus, courts are at risk of making unsafe judgements.

A meta-core outcome set for stillbirth prevention and bereavement care following stillbirth in LMIC.

Study Objective: Stillbirth is burdensome in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Currently, there are two core outcome sets (COS) for stillbirth (prevention and bereavement care), but these were developed with limited reflection of the needs of parents in an LMIC setting. To address this gap, the objective of this study was to establish consensus on the most important outcomes for stillbirth prevention and bereavement care following stillbirth in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Metronidazole is a chromatographic interference on a routine HPLC-UV assay for thiopurine metabolites.

Background Thiopurine metabolites, 6-thioguanine (6TG) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6MMP), are monitored to aid therapeutic management of thiopurine drugs. At Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), thiopurine metabolites are measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Whole blood samples are lysed and subjected to hydrolysis with derivatisation of 6MMP before HPLC-UV detection at 304nm for the 6MMP-derivative and 342nm for 6TG.

Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to examine acquisition of Escherichia coli clones during international travel.

International travel facilitates the acquisition and carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E). We describe genomes of predominant ESBL-E clones detected before and after travel among subjects departing from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2015-2021, and genomes publicly available from countries visited by travelers. WGS (Illumina NovaSeq) was performed on 70 ESBL-E isolates from 66 travelers (18 pre- and 52 post-travel).

Directed Evolution's Selective Use of Quantum Tunneling in Designed Enzymes─A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Natural enzymes are powerful catalysts, reducing the apparent activation energy for reactions and enabling chemistry to proceed as much as 10 times faster than the corresponding solution reaction. It has been suggested for some time that, in some cases, quantum tunneling can contribute to this rate enhancement by offering pathways through a barrier inaccessible to activated events. A central question of interest to both physical chemists and biochemists is the extent to which evolution introduces mechanisms below the barrier, or tunneling mechanisms.

Growth decline in European beech associated with temperature-driven increase in reproductive allocation.

Climate change is impacting forests in complex ways, with indirect effects arising from interactions between tree growth and reproduction often overlooked. Our 43-y study of European beech () showed that rising summer temperatures since 2005 have led to more frequent seed production events. This shift increases reproductive effort but depletes the trees' stored resources due to insufficient recovery periods between seed crops.