Anatomical and functional changes after internal limiting membrane peeling.

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling has been an acceptable step in vitrectomy surgeries for various retinal diseases such as macular hole, chronic macular edema following epiretinal membrane (ERM), and vitreoretinal traction. Despite all the benefits, this procedure has some side effects, which may lead to structural damage and functional vision loss. Light and dye toxicity may induce reversible and irreversible retina damage, which will be observed in postoperative optical coherence tomography scans.

BioClocks UK: driving robust cycles of discovery to impact.

Chronobiology is a multidisciplinary field that extends across the tree of life, transcends all scales of biological organization, and has huge translational potential. For the UK to harness the opportunities presented within applied chronobiology, we need to build our network outwards to reach stakeholders that can directly benefit from our discoveries. In this article, we discuss the importance of biological rhythms to our health, society, economy and environment, with a particular focus on circadian rhythms.

Top Ten epilepsy research priorities: A UK priority setting partnership.

Purpose: Research into epilepsy has experienced decades of chronic underfunding compared to other neurological conditions despite its prevalence and seriousness. To evidence the need for greater investment, the Epilepsy Research Institute (formerly Epilepsy Research UK) funded, led and managed a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP). This "industry standard" methodology brings together healthcare professionals, patients, carers and patient group representatives to identify and prioritise research uncertainties within a defined area of health or care.

IPEM code of practice for proton therapy dosimetry based on the NPL primary standard proton calorimeter calibration service.

Internationally, reference dosimetry for clinical proton beams largely follows the guidelines published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA TRS-398 Rev. 1, 2024). This approach yields a relative standard uncertainty of 1.

Tetrahedral Lithium Stuffing in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes for High-Power-Density and Energy-Density Batteries.

Li-rich cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials introduce new paradigms in the design of high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode materials. However, DRX materials show strikingly sluggish kinetics due to random Li percolation with poor rate performance. Here, we demonstrate that Li stuffing into the tetrahedral sites of the Mn-based rocksalt skeleton injects a novel tetrahedron-octahedron-tetrahedron diffusion path, which acts as a low-energy-barrier hub to facilitate high-speed Li transport.

Swelling and Evaporation Determine Surface Morphology of Grafted Hydrogel Thin Films.

We experimentally study the formation of surface patterns in grafted hydrogel films of nanometer-to-micrometer thickness during imbibition-driven swelling followed by evaporation-driven shrinking. Creases are known to form at the hydrogel surface during swelling; the wavelength of the creasing pattern is proportional to the initial thickness of the hydrogel film with a logarithmic correction that depends on microscopic properties of the hydrogel. We find that, although the characteristic wavelength of the pattern is determined during swelling, the surface morphology can be significantly influenced by evaporation-induced shrinking.

PSC and colitis: A complex relationship.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is one of the most challenging conditions in hepatology, and due to our limited understanding of its pathogenesis, no causal therapies are currently available. While it was long assumed that a minority of people with IBD also develop PSC, which is sometimes labeled an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD, the clinical phenotype, genetic and intestinal microbiota associations strongly argue for PSC-IBD being a distinct form of IBD, existing alongside ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In fact, the liver itself could contribute to intestinal pathology, clinically overt in 60 - 80 % of patients.

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRT) of childhood: a molecularly characterised case report and literature review.

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs) are malignant central nervous system tumours, typically presenting in the posterior fossa of very young children. Prognosis remains poor despite current therapy, while tumorigenesis implicates both genomic and epigenetic dysregulation. Primary diffuse leptomeningeal (PDL) ATRT, characterised by the absence of an intraparenchymal mass lesion, is seldom reported but appears associated with a dismal outcome.

Thermoelectric properties of the low-spin lanthanide cobalate perovskites LaCoO, PrCoO, and NdCoO from first-principles calculations.

An modelling workflow is used to predict the thermoelectric properties and figure of merit of the lanthanide cobalates LaCoO, PrCoO and NdCoO in the orthorhombic phase with the low-spin magnetic configuration. The LnCoO show significantly lower lattice thermal conductivity than the widely-studied SrTiO, due to lower phonon velocities, with a large component of the heat transport through an intraband tunnelling mechanism characteristic of amorphous materials. Comparison of the calculations to experimental measurements suggests the p-type electrical properties are significantly degraded by the thermal spin crossover, and materials-engineering strategies to suppress this could yield improved .

Significant Efficiency Enhancements in Non-Y Series Acceptors by the Addition of Outer Side Chains.

Most current highly efficient organic solar cells utilize small molecules like Y6 and its derivatives as electron acceptors in the photoactive layer. In this work, a small molecule acceptor, SC8-IT4F, is developed through outer side chain engineering on the terminal thiophene of a conjugated 6,12-dihydro-dithienoindeno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IDTT) central core. Compared to the reference molecule C8-IT4F, which lacks outer side chains, SC8-IT4F displays notable differences in molecule geometry (as shown by simulations), thermal behavior, single-crystal packing, and film morphology.

Antibodies and Inflammation: Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Health in Domestic Ruminants.

Gastrointestinal infections present major challenges to ruminant livestock systems, and gut health is a key constraint on fitness, welfare, and productivity. Fecal biomarkers present opportunities to monitor animal health without using invasive methods, and with greater resolution compared to observational metrics. Here we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for three potential fecal biomarkers of gut health in domestic ruminants: two immunological (total immunoglobulin [Ig]A and total IgG) and one inflammatory (lactoferrin).

Developing and evaluating a health pack to support dog owners to manage the weight of their companion animals.

Introduction: Obesity is a serious and prevalent problem in dogs. The causes are multifactorial, but owners play a key role and so this paper reports the development and evaluation of a health pack designed to help owners to manage the weight of their dogs.

Method: The pack was informed by previous research, behavior change theory (i.

Recommendations for reporting and evaluating proton therapy beyond dose and constant relative biological effectiveness.

Background And Purpose: In proton therapy, a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is used to convert proton dose into an equivalent photon dose. However, RBE varies with tissue type, fraction dose, and beam quality parameters beyond dose such as linear energy transfer (LET) raising concerns about increased local effectiveness and potential toxicity.

Through each other's eyes: initial results and protocol for the co-design of an observational measure of adolescent-parent interaction using first-person perspective.

Background: Current observational methods to understand adolescent-parent interaction are limited in terms of ecological and content validity. We outline initial results and a protocol for future work from a programme of work to: (1) establish a new method for data capture of adolescent-parent interaction at home using wearable cameras and; (2) develop a new relevant and comprehensive observational micro-coding scheme. In Part 1, we report our completed preliminary work, comprised of an initial scoping review, and public engagement work.

Toughening of thermoset composites using glass/polypropylene commingled stitching yarns.

This paper investigates the damage resistance and tolerance of thermoset composite laminates stitched by glass and hybrid glass/polypropylene commingled yarns. Different impact energies (10-70 J) were applied to stitched composite laminates before compression after impact (CAI) tests were conducted. The results showed that, except for 70J, commingled yarn-stitched laminates absorbed more energy than glass-stitched laminates.

Meeting report - Alpine desmosome disease meeting 2024: advances and emerging topics in desmosomes and related diseases.

Desmosomes are adhesive cell contacts abundant in tissues exposed to mechanical strain, such as the stratified and simple epithelia of the epidermis and mucous membranes, as well as the myocardium. Besides their role in mechanical cell cohesion, desmosomes also modulate pathways important for tissue differentiation, wound healing and immune responses. Dysfunctional desmosomes, resulting from pathogenic variants in genes encoding desmosomal components, autoantibodies targeting desmosomal adhesion molecules or inflammation, cause the life-threatening diseases arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and pemphigus and contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Values of Life: 40 years of The Value of Life.

This special section brings together international scholars celebrating the 40 anniversary of John Harris' book, (1985), and John Harris and his contributions to the field of bioethics more generally.

'If one doesn't happen, the other will': forensic mental health service patients' experiences of co-occurring self-harm and aggression.

Background: Co-occurring self-harm and aggression (dual harm) is particularly prevalent among forensic mental health service (FMHS) patients. There is limited understanding of why this population engages in dual harm.

Aims: This work aims to explore FMHS patients' experiences of dual harm and how they make sense of this behaviour, with a focus on the role of emotions.

An in silico analysis of heart rate impact on wall shear stress hemodynamic parameters in aortic coarctation.

This study examines how heart rate (HR) affects hemodynamics in a South African infant with Coarctation of the Aorta. Computed tomography angiography segments aortic coarctation anatomy; Doppler echocardiography derives inlet flow waveforms. Simulations occur at 100, 120, and 160 beats per minute, representing reduced, resting, and elevated HR levels.

The Efficacy of 3 Bleaching Methods on Stained Polymer-Based CAD/CAM Materials.

Introduction And Aims: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 3 bleaching methods on stained polymer-based CAD/CAM blocks in terms of surface roughness, hardness stability, discolouration reduction and susceptibility to re-staining following bleaching.

Methods: Two-mm-thick slabs (N = 128) were prepared from CeraSmart (CS), Grandio Blocs (GB), Vita Enamic (VE), and direct resin composite GrandioSO (RC). Coffee-stained specimens (n = 8) were subdivided into bleaching (BL) groups: in-office bleaching (OB), home bleaching (HB), whitening mouthwash (MW), and a control group with 14-day storage in water (CL).

Impact of family childhood adversity on risk of violence and involvement with police in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Background: Childhood adversities, such as exposure to parental mental illness, domestic violence and abuse, substance use, and family poverty, have been linked to involvement in violence in early adulthood. However, evidence on the cumulative impact of multiple adversities throughout childhood on violence and crime in adolescence remains scarce. This study investigates the associations between trajectories of family adversity and poverty during childhood, and the risk of involvement in violence and contact with police in adolescence.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type causing an acute kidney injury.

SummaryWe report a case of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type, a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, causing an acute kidney injury. A woman in her mid-30s presented with a large pelvic mass and abdominal distention, this was associated with rapidly deteriorating renal function, which did not improve with standardised kidney injury treatment. There was a high suspicion of ovarian cancer.