Four-electron reduction of benzene by a samarium(II)-alkyl without the addition of external reducing agents.

Benzene reduction by molecular complexes remains an important synthetic challenge, requiring harsh reaction conditions involving group I metals. Reductions of benzene, to date, typically result in a loss of aromaticity, although the benzene tetra-anion, a 10π-electron system, has been calculated to be stable and aromatic. Due to the lack of sufficiently potent reductants, four-electron reduction of benzene usually requires the use of group I metals.

Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women's netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus.

This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus.

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the patient journeys of those with a newly diagnosed paediatric brain tumour in the UK: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, management and patient journey for children and young people with a newly diagnosed brain tumour in the UK.

Design: Exploratory qualitative study focused on patient journeys from multiple perspectives, conducted as part of a wider mixed-methods study.

Setting: Three paediatric oncology tertiary centres in the UK.

Prehospital video triage of suspected stroke patients in Greater Manchester: pilot project report.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, demanding prompt and accurate identification. However, prehospital diagnosis is challenging, with up to 50% of suspected strokes having other diagnoses. A prehospital video triage (PHVT) system was piloted in Greater Manchester to improve prehospital diagnostic accuracy and appropriate conveyance decisions.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Measurement of CP Violation Observables in D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} Decays.

A search for violation of the charge-parity (CP) symmetry in the D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay is presented, with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. A novel model-independent technique is used to compare the D^{+} and D^{-} phase-space distributions, with instrumental asymmetries subtracted using the D_{s}^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay as a control channel.

Neurological and functional outcomes of 32 patients with hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformations: a practical guide for surgical planning.

Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) were once considered inoperable. Microsurgical resection now represents a valuable option for treating patients with hemorrhagic or symptomatic lesions. The aim of this study was to provide a practical guide for surgical planning by analyzing postoperative neurological and functional outcomes.

Social media-based Health Education plus Exercise Program (SHEEP) to improve muscle function among young-old adults with possible sarcopenia in the community: A feasibility study protocol.

Background: Despite the comparatively high prevalence of possible sarcopenia among young-old adults in the community, there is currently no available and effective social media-based intervention to increase the awareness and change the behavior of the target population to prevent sarcopenia. Using co-design methodology, we developed a multicomponent intervention strategy of health education and exercise for sarcopenia prevention utilizing the TikTok platform.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the social media-based intervention to enhance muscle function in community-dwelling young-old adults with possible sarcopenia.

Investigating the point prevalence, types, severity, causes and predictors of vaccines administration errors during COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan.

Background: There is a paucity of research regarding COVID-19 vaccines administration errors (VAEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, severity, causes and predictors of VAEs in Jordan during the recent pandemic.

Method: This was a 3-day (Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday of the third week of November 2021) prospective, covert observational point prevalence study.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The neuroimmune response, characterised by the proliferation and activation of microglial cells, is a driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the extent of immune cell infiltration and interactions in the human AD brain are yet to be established in detail. While microglial cells are at the centre of this neuroimmune response, recent research has explored the possibility of peripheral immune cell involvement, typically focusing on T-cell infiltration.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Millions of people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually and many subsequently develop AD-like characteristics, but the processes occurring in the brain and the reasons for the acquisition of AD-like dementia are unknown. TBI is the leading cause of mortality in young adults and causes a huge socioeconomic burden. Improving outcomes in these patients would be a significant public health benefit.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Microglial reactivity and neuroinflammation are crucial pathological processes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Several attempts to develop a treatment by supressing the immune response in AD have been made, yet these yielded very limited results. Recent studies suggest contrasting effects of microglial reactivity, indicating a biphasic response with both beneficial and deleterious effects at distinct stages of AD.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: 'Dependence' has been proposed as a measurable health outcome reflecting the overall impact of disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the meaning and relevance of 'dependence' in early symptomatic AD (MCI and mild AD dementia) have not been previously investigated. Aims of the current research were to (1) explore the concept of 'dependence' from the perspective of caregivers of patients with early symptomatic AD, (2) assess the content validity of the Dependence Scale (DS; Stern, 1994), a 13-item scale evaluating patient dependence based on a caregiver interview, and (3) explore the relevance of newly incorporated DS rater guidance clarifying potential ambiguities in item phrasing.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Emerging Antifungal Resistance in : Insights from Susceptibility Profiling and Genetic Mutation Analysis.

species, the leading cause of dermatophytosis globally, are increasingly resistant to antifungal treatments, concerns about effective management strategies. In light of the absence of established resistance criteria for terbinafine and azoles, coupled with a dearth of research on resistance mechanisms in , antifungal susceptibility and drug resistance gene diversity were analyzed across 64 , 65 , and 2  isolates collected in China between 2001 and 2024 and 101 published strains. Analyses of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole revealed a concerning increase in with terbinafine resistance, including two novel isolates from China.

Determinants and progression of stigma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.

: Stigma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND) may be felt or enacted; felt stigma covers feeling devalued by the illness, whereas enacted stigma refers to being treated differently because of it. Stigma in ALS/MND has been shown to increase social withdrawal, worsen quality of life, and reduce use of assistive devices, so we explored prevalence and factors influencing stigma. : Participants in the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions-ALS study completed scales measuring stigma, fatigue, spasticity, functioning, mood, worry, self-esteem, and perceived health, as well as demographic information and symptoms like head drop or emotional lability.

Newborn Screening for Deafness/Hard of Hearing in the Genomic Era.

Background: Newborn hearing screening is a physiologic screen to identify infants who may be deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and would benefit from early intervention. Typically, an infant who does not pass the newborn hearing screen is referred for clinical audiology testing, which may be followed by genetic testing to identify the etiology of an infant's DHH.

Content: The current newborn hearing screening paradigm can miss mild cases of DHH or later-onset DHH, leaving a child at risk for unrecognized DHH, which could impact long-term language, communication, and social development.

Using Family History Data to Improve the Power of Association Studies: Application to Cancer in UK Biobank.

In large cohort studies the number of unaffected individuals outnumbers the number of affected individuals, and the power can be low to detect associations for outcomes with low prevalence. We consider how including recorded family history in regression models increases the power to detect associations between genetic variants and disease risk. We show theoretically and using Monte-Carlo simulations that including a family history of the disease, with a weighting of 0.

Paracrine role of endothelial IGF-1 receptor in depot-specific adipose tissue adaptation in male mice.

During recent decades, changes in lifestyle have led to widespread nutritional obesity and its related complications. Remodelling adipose tissue as a therapeutic goal for obesity and its complications has attracted much attention and continues to be actively explored. The endothelium lines all blood vessels and is close to all cells, including adipocytes.

Pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of pancytopenia in disseminated histoplasmosis: a scoping review.

Purpose: Pancytopenia in the setting of disseminated histoplasmosis is sparsely described in the literature. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of pancytopenia in disseminated histoplasmosis and highlighted clinical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of cases and series on disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with pancytopenia published between 2001 and 2024.

A novel deep synthesis-based insider intrusion detection (DS-IID) model for malicious insiders and AI-generated threats.

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to IT security, particularly with the rise of generative AI technologies, which can create convincing fake user profiles and mimic legitimate behaviors. Traditional intrusion detection systems struggle to differentiate between real and AI-generated activities, creating vulnerabilities in detecting malicious insiders. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel Deep Synthesis Insider Intrusion Detection (DS-IID) model.

Exact projected entangled pair ground states with topological Euler invariant.

We report on a class of gapped projected entangled pair states (PEPS) with non-trivial Euler topology motivated by recent progress in band geometry. In the non-interacting limit, these systems have optimal conditions relating to saturation of quantum geometrical bounds, allowing for parent Hamiltonians whose lowest bands are completely flat and which have the PEPS as unique ground states. Protected by crystalline symmetries, these states evade restrictions on capturing tenfold-way topological features with gapped PEPS.

Realizing high power factor and thermoelectric performance in band engineered AgSbTe.

AgSbTe is a promising p-type thermoelectric material operating in the mid-temperature regime. To further enhance its thermoelectric performance, previous research has mainly focused on reducing lattice thermal conductivity by forming ordered nanoscale domains for instance. However, the relatively low power factor is the main limitation affecting the power density of AgSbTe-based thermoelectric devices.

Multiphase superconductivity in PdBi.

Unconventional superconductivity, where electron pairing does not involve electron-phonon interactions, is often attributed to magnetic correlations in a material. Well known examples include high-T cuprates and uranium-based heavy fermion superconductors. Less explored are unconventional superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, where interactions between spin-polarised electrons and external magnetic field can result in multiple superconducting phases and field-induced transitions between them, a rare phenomenon in the superconducting state.