Flower power: Floral and resource manipulations reveal how and why reproductive trade-offs occur for lowbush blueberry ().

Plant reproductive trade-offs are thought to be caused by resource limitations or other constraints, but more empirical support for these hypotheses would be welcome. Additionally, quantitative characterization of these trade-offs, as well as consideration of whether they are linear, could yield additional insights. We expanded our flower removal research on lowbush blueberry () to explore the nature of and causes of its reproductive trade-offs.

Bearing fruit: flower removal reveals the trade-offs associated with high reproductive effort for lowbush blueberry.

Past studies have shown that taxa from disparate groups often respond similarly to reduced reproductive effort. These common responses imply that high reproductive effort trades off with a consistent set of other life functions for most angiosperms, albeit modulated by their growth form and life history. However, many questions remain about reproductive trade-offs in plants, including just how many other life functions they involve, how diverse these functions may be, and how the severity of these trade-offs may vary through time.

Social media processes in disasters: Implications of emergent technology use.

This article seeks to extend social science scholarship on social media technology use during disruptive events. Though social media's role in times of crisis has been previously studied, much of this work tends to focus on first-responders and relief organizations. However, social media use during disasters tends to be decentralized and this organizational structure can promote different types of messages to top-down information systems.

Helping struggling students in introductory biology: a peer-tutoring approach that improves performance, perception, and retention.

The high attrition rate among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors has long been an area of concern for institutions and educational researchers. The transition from introductory to advanced courses has been identified as a particularly "leaky" point along the STEM pipeline, and students who struggle early in an introductory STEM course are predominantly at risk. Peer-tutoring programs offered to all students in a course have been widely found to help STEM students during this critical transition, but hiring a sufficient number of tutors may not be an option for some institutions.

Correlations between arsenic in Maine groundwater and microbial populations as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Arsenic is known to cause serious health effects when consumed in drinking water. In the state of Maine, approximately half of the population relies on private groundwater wells for their drinking water. Of those wells, as many as 13% may contain arsenic levels above the current EPA maximum contaminant level of 10 microgl(-1).

Development of chemically mediated prey-search response in postlarval lobsters (Homarus americanus) through feeding experience.

Postlarval lobsters were fed live amphipods (Gammarus oceanicus), soft clam spat (Mya arenaria), or frozen brine shrimp (Artemia salina) for five weeks in order to determine by behavioral bioassay if chemically mediated prey-search behavior is established by feeding experience. Chemosensory responses of predatorily naive lobsters to live clam and amphipod metabolites were low and erratic. After five weeks, amphipod-fed lobsters had developed strong responses towards amphipod metabolites but not clam metabolites.

Attraction of predatorily naive postlarval lobsters to extracts of metabolites of common prey:Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria, Cancer irroratus, andAsterias vulgaris.

Postlarval lobsters (4th-7th stage) exclusively fed frozen brine shrimp (Artemia saline) were assayed for food-search response to extracts and metabolites from four common prey: soft clams (Mya arenaria), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), rock crabs (Cancer irroratus), and sea stars (Asterias vulgaris). Concentrations of soluble primary amines, protein, and ammonia in prey tissues and metabolites were determined. No significant responses were observed for any prey metabolites diluted to 1 and 10%, while onlyA.

Scaling of events spaced in time.

Pigeons were trained to peck on a key, which could be lit by red or green light, and produce feeder-light stimuli intermittently. On some trials, food followed the fourth feeder flash providing the key color was red, while on other trials food followed the sixteenth flash providing the color was green. The change in color from red to green was produced by a peck to a second, changeover key.

OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION BY DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND DROSOPHILA SIMULANS.

The effects of texture and larval residues in the medium on oviposition site selection (OSS) by Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans were studied. Drosophila melanogaster laid over 95% of its eggs in sieved medium (vs. unsieved medium); D.

A fragment-cofragment model of antibody incidence structures.

In the predecessor to this paper, "Uncovering Antibody Incidence Structures," Markowsky and Wohlgemuth presented a model which allowed one to calculate best possible solutions for the relation between individuals and antibodies given certain sets of tests each of which is analyzed simply for the presence or absence of a reaction. In this paper, we show that many of the concepts and theorems of the first paper generalize to the case where we actually try to compare the strengths of various reaction tests. As one might expect, the resulting model has a greater ability to detect the presence of antibodies than the model presented in the first paper.

Effects of female behavior on wing display and courtship of male Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster.

Corrolations between female rejection behaviors and male wing display were calculated for both Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster intraspicific pair-matings. No significant correlations were found for D. melanogaster, but in D.

Defining specificities, genes, antigens, and antibodies- A matrix approach.

We study the consequences of assigning single letter symbols to operationally defined entities such as genes, antigens, specificities, and antibodies. If this is to be done and if reagents are not specific in recognizing the products of single genes or single antigens, then these entities must be defined by a 'definition matrix' to avoid mislabeling a matrix of data. A method is given whereby for a given matrix of data all possible definition matrices consistent with this data can be obtained.

Matrix techniques applied to CML-typedH-2 mutants.

Techniques associated with the Labeled Reaction Matrix model are used to provide several assignments of discrete labels to some serologically identical, CML-typedH-2 haplotypes. It is shown how this model can utilize the internal consistency of a labeling scheme to aid in making decisions on assigning values of 'positive' or 'negative' to reactions of questionable strength. A few examples of labeling schemes that may suggest further experimentation are derived.

Proposed Model for the Peroxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Indole-3-acetic Acid in the Presence of the Inhibitor Ferulic Acid.

Linear increments in ferulic acid concentration produce logarithmic increases in the ferulic acid-induced lag periods prior to the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid in a system containing 2,4-dichlorophenol and MnCl(2) in acetate buffer at pH 5.6. Maintaining the ratio of indole-3-acetic acid to ferulic acid constant at 100 while linearly raising the ferulic acid concentration results in linear increases in the lag period.