Villain Action in Lattice Gauge Theory.

We prove that Villain interaction applied to lattice gauge theory can be obtained as the limit of both Wilson and Manton interactions on a larger graph which we call the . This is the lattice gauge theory analog of a well-known property for spin () models where Villain type interactions are the limit of spin systems defined on a . Perhaps surprisingly in the setting of lattice gauge theory, our proof also applies to non-Abelian lattice theory such as (3)-lattice gauge theory and its limiting Villain interaction.

Feelings of Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department.

: Very few studies describe the various feelings experienced in the emergency department (ED). Our study describes the pain, stress, and negative and positive emotions experienced by patients admitted to the ED in relation to age, gender, and reason for ED admission. : Patients admitted to the ED of seven French hospitals were surveyed as part of the randomised multicentre study SOFTER IV (n = 2846).

TGFβ links EBV to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

In a subset of children and adolescents, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a severe acute hyperinflammatory shock termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at four to eight weeks after infection. MIS-C is characterized by a specific T cell expansion and systemic hyperinflammation. The pathogenesis of MIS-C remains largely unknown.

Worldwide Innovative Network (WIN) Consortium in Personalized Cancer Medicine: Bringing next-generation precision oncology to patients.

The human genome project ushered in a genomic medicine era that was largely unimaginable three decades ago. Discoveries of druggable cancer drivers enabled biomarker-driven gene- and immune-targeted therapy and transformed cancer treatment. Minimizing treatment not expected to benefit, and toxicity-including financial and time-are important goals of modern oncology.

In Vitro Activity of Bacteriophages Against Ocular Methicillin-resistant S. aureus Isolates Collected in the US.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of sight-threatening infections in the US. These strains pose a significant challenge in managing ocular infections, as they frequently exhibit resistance to first-line empirical antibiotics. To assess the potential of bacteriophages as innovative topical therapies for treatment of recalcitrant ocular infections, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a set of anti-S.

Sustainable 4D Printed Meta Biocomposite Materials for Programmable Structural Shape Changing.

Biological structures provide inspiration for developing advanced materials from sustainable resources, enabling passive structural morphing. Despite an increasing interest for parsimony-oriented innovation, sustainable shape-changing materials based on renewable resources remain underexplored. In this work, the architecture of a single plant fiber cell wall (S, for instance) is simplified to design novel concepts of 4D printed tubular moisture-driven structural actuators, using the hygromorphic properties of continuous flax fiber (cFF) reinforced materials.

Vaccine Effectiveness Dynamics against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Community-tested Patients in France 2023-2024.

Background: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the community is not well described. This study assessed VE against a positive test of influenza (VEf) and SARS-CoV-2 (VECov).

Methods: Data from two large networks of community-based laboratories in France were collected during standard of care in the 2023-2024 epidemic season (n = 511,083 RT-PCR tests).

Neurochemical Assessment of Tissue Levels of Neurotransmitters for Approximating Neurotransmitter System Connectivity.

The post-mortem measurement of tissue neurotransmitters is an interesting technique to address the gross biochemical activity. Its primary limitation is a lack of temporal resolution, although this is mitigated by enhanced spatial resolution, compared to methods. This neurochemical data is quantitative and requires no complex transformation, making it ideal to analyze neurochemical connectivity via the correlation of the biochemical signals between brain regions.

Hierarchical clustering of clinical and flow cytometry parameters is associated with deterioration in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department: A preliminary study.

Anticipating the evolution of septic patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is challenging for front-line physicians in the Emergency Department (ED). Prognosis depends mainly on early identification, antibiotics, organ support, but also immune status. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to perform a cluster analysis to investigate whether specific phenotypes, including cellular immunology parameters, are associated with the prognosis in patients with CAP presenting to the ED.

Increased assimilation efficiency and mortality rate in Gammarus fossarum exposed to PVC microplastics.

Shredder organisms play a key role in rivers by feeding and fragmenting coarse organic matter that will then be exploited by other consumers. The effects of microplastics (MPs) on Gammarus sp., an ubiquitous genus of freshwater amphipods, and its shredding activity have been broadly investigated.

High-Dose Vitamin D in Clinically Isolated Syndrome Typical of Multiple Sclerosis: The D-Lay MS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with the risk of disease activity, but data on the benefits of supplementation are conflicting.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose cholecalciferol as monotherapy in reducing disease activity in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) typical for MS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The D-Lay MS trial was a parallel, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in 36 MS centers in France.

Temporal evolution of functional immune reconstitution after allogeneic HSCT.

Background: Immune reconstitution (IR) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is currently monitored by measuring the absolute number of immune effectors. However, this approach does not capture functional immune capacities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the temporal evolution of functional IR alongside traditional immune cell counts measurements.

Molecular and cell phenotype programs in oral epithelial cells directed by co-exposure to arsenic and smokeless tobacco.

Chronic exposure to arsenic can lead to various health issues, including cancer. Concerns have been mounting about the enhancement of arsenic toxicity through co-exposure to various prevalent lifestyle habits. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are commonly consumed in South Asian countries, where their use frequently co-occurs with exposure to arsenic from contaminated groundwater.

Strategies for early detection and detailed characterization of oral lesions and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Fanconi anemia patients.

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder associated with profound DNA repair defects, marked by failure to thrive, congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and an increased susceptibility to cancer. Clinical manifestations of FA vary widely, with BMF and clonal evolution predominantly affecting younger individuals, while adults are more frequently presenting with solid tumors. Individuals with FA are at a 500-fold increased risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which tends to appear at a median age of 30 years, often at advanced stages with only a 57% two-year survival rate.

Microplastics storage at the sediment-water interface in a gravel-bed river: Importance of local hydro-sedimentary conditions in downwelling, upwelling, and sedimentation zones.

Rivers are often seen as vectors for microplastic transport from land to the ocean; however, the sediment-water interface of rivers also provides opportunity for the temporary storage and retention of plastic debris. Hydrological, sedimentary, physical, chemical and biological factors influence microplastic fate and transport, yet the influence of the interactions between these different drivers and mechanisms on microplastic transport at the sediment-water interface remains poorly understood. This study investigates how hydrological exchanges impact microplastics distribution in streambed sediments by comparing microplastic concentrations in zones with surface-groundwater exchange fluxes (upwelling or downwelling) and zones with sediment accumulation along gravel bars situated in the lower catchment of the Ain River (France).

Cerebral blood flow in Andean children and adolescents living above 5000m.

A number of indigenous populations have resided at high-altitude for generations, resulting in various phenotypical adaptations promoting successful high-altitude adaptation. While many of these adaptations have been investigated in adults, little is known regarding how children residing at high-altitudes adapt, particularly with regards to the cerebrovasculature. Under hypoxic environments, compensatory changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are necessary to couple oxygen delivery to metabolic demand in the face of reduced oxygen availability.

Integrating clinical-molecular data to predict PARP inhibitors efficacy in advanced ovarian cancer patients after interval cytoreductive surgery.

Objective: Selecting the maintenance strategy for advanced tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is challenging. This study evaluates the correlation among chemotherapy response score (CRS), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status, and KELIM score; identifies predictors of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) efficacy and stratifies recurrence risk in PARPi-treated population.

Methods: Median Progression-free Survival (mPFS) and hazard ratios (HRs) were retrospectively calculated in HGSC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3/4 cycles), interval cytoreductive surgery, and adjuvant treatment.

Appropriateness of treatments for postpartum and post-abortion uterine vascular anomalies.

Purpose: Secondary postpartum and post-abortion hemorrhage due to uterine vascular anomalies can range from mild to life threatening episodes. Although clinicians have access to various treatment options, no studies have systematically evaluated their appropriateness across diverse clinical scenarios. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of treatments for secondary postpartum and post-abortion hemorrhage using hypothetical scenarios that integrate different clinical presentations and imaging findings of uterine vascular anomalies.

Severity Scale of Influenza and Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations to Support Viral Genomic Surveillance: A Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network Pilot Study.

Background: This study aimed to establish a Severity Scale for influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI), requiring hospitalization, for surveillance and research purposes (the SevScale). Such a scale could aid the interpretation of data gathered from disparate settings. This could facilitate pooled analyses linking viral genetic sequencing data to clinical severity, bringing insights to inform influenza surveillance and the vaccine strain selection process.

Epistemic limitations of measurable residual disease in haematological malignancies.

The growing use of measurable residual disease (MRD) assays across haematology-oncology creates an urgent need for clinicians and researchers to reflect on the biological and clinical rationale of this class of biomarkers. In this Viewpoint, we critically examine two premises behind MRD's use in haematology-oncology, focusing on its biological plausibility as a predictive biomarker and surrogate endpoint, and the evidence needed for it to influence decision making in haematological cancers. Examining these premises leads us to advocate for the establishment of more robust biological and clinical evidence to ensure the clinically useful and safe application of MRD.

Training the embodied self in its impermanence: meditators evidence neurophysiological markers of death acceptance.

Background: Human predictive capacity underlies its adaptive strength but also the potential for existential terror. Grounded in the predictive processing framework of brain function, we recently showed using a magnetoencephalogram visual mismatch-response (vMMR) paradigm that prediction-based self-specific neural mechanisms shield the self from existential threat-at the level of perception-by attributing death to the 'other' (nonself). Here we test the preregistered hypothesis that insight meditation grounded on mindful awareness is associated with a reduction in the brain's defensiveness toward mortality.

The interstitial lung disease patient pathway: from referral to diagnosis.

Background: Suspected interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients may be referred to an ILD-specialist centre or a non-ILD-specialist centre for diagnosis and treatment. Early referral and management of patients at ILD-specialist centres has been shown to improve survival and reduce hospitalisations. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the ILD patient diagnostic pathway and prompted centres to adapt.

Comprehensive molecular portrait reveals genetic diversity and distinct molecular subtypes of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNETs) are rare bowel tumors arising from malignant enteroendocrine cells, which normally regulate digestion throughout the intestine. Though infrequent, their incidence is rising through better diagnosis, fostering research into their origin and treatment. To date, siNETs are considered to be a single entity and are clinically treated as such.

Distinct gene regulatory dynamics drive skeletogenic cell fate convergence during vertebrate embryogenesis.

Cell type repertoires have expanded extensively in metazoan animals, with some clade-specific cells being crucial to evolutionary success. A prime example are the skeletogenic cells of vertebrates. Depending on anatomical location, these cells originate from three different precursor lineages, yet they converge developmentally towards similar cellular phenotypes.