The effect of automated insulin delivery system use on diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Diabetes distress (DD) is prevalent among people with diabetes. While automated insulin delivery systems (AIDs) improve glycaemic control, their impact on DD is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of AIDs on DD in people with diabetes and their caregivers.

Specialist training in infectious diseases in Europe.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine the structure of training programmes and assessment of physicians training to become infectious disease (ID) specialists in Europe in early 2024, and to document the provision of specialists, trainees and training centres in each country.

Methods: Delegates to the ID Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) entered national data on a web-based survey tool in late 2023-early 2024. Results were compared to UEMS recommendations on the structure and content of postgraduate training in ID in Europe (2018), and to results of a similar survey in early 2021.

High specificity of an AI-powered framework in cross-checking male professional football anterior cruciate ligament tear reports in public databases.

Purpose: While public databases like Transfermarkt provide valuable data for assessing the impact of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in professional footballers, they require robust verification methods due to accuracy concerns. We hypothesised that an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered framework could cross-check ACL tear-related information from large publicly available data sets with high specificity.

Methods: The AI-powered framework uses Google Programmable Search Engine to search a curated, multilingual list of websites and OpenAI's GPT to translate search queries, appraise search results and analyse injury-related information in search result items (SRIs).

Acute and chronic effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to determine the acute and chronic effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on cardiac autonomic function, glucose variability, inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, hemodynamic variables, and exercise capacity.

Methods: A search was carried out according to a specific search strategy, following the PRISMA statement, and three independent reviewers have undertaken the article selection process. Searches were carried out in June 2023, on the following electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS (Elsevier), and Web of Science.

Pros and cons of sub-specialisation in orthopaedics and traumatology-Is the general orthopaedic and trauma surgeon a relic of the past?

The evolution of orthopaedics has witnessed a pronounced shift from generalist practice to subspecialisation, a trend that has fundamentally reshaped the field over the past century. Originally, orthopaedic surgeons were trained to address a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions. However, increasing complexity and specialization in knowledge have driven a progressive narrowing of focus within orthopaedics.

European clinical practice guideline: managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: To propose a European consensus for managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) to guide primary care and specialist physicians.

Methods: Twenty-three European experts (otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons) participated in a modified Delphi process to revise 38 statements about the definition, clinical management, and treatment of LPRD. Three voting rounds were conducted on a 5-point scale and a consensus was defined a priori as agreement by 80% of the experts.

Clinical outcomes from robotic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients under and over 70 years old: a single institution retrospective cohort study with a comprehensive systematic review on behalf of TROGSS - The Robotic Global Surgical Society.

Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare outcomes of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) in patients under and over 70 years old, performed by a fellowship-trained robotic surgeon at a single institution.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing robotic primary transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between 2020 and 2022 was conducted. Patients were categorized into two age groups: those under 70 years and 70 years and older.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated vasculitis: a heterogeneous condition with possible severe disease course.

Objective: To describe presentation, treatment and outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) associated-vasculitis in cancer patients in a multicentre study.

Methods: Thanks to the ImmunoCancer International Registry (ICIR), a multidisciplinary network focused on the research of the immune related adverse events related to cancer immunotherapies, patients presenting with a clinical and/or radiological suspicion of vasculitis, and histological evidence of vasculitis after being exposed to ICIs were retrospectively identified.

Results: Twenty eight cases were identified in the ICIR registry.

TIHI Toolkit: A Peak Finder and Analyzer for Spectroscopic Data.

Complex signal vectors, particularly spectra, are integral to many scientific domains. Interpreting these signals often involves decomposing them into contributions from independent components and subtraction or deconvolution of the channel and instrument noise. Despite the fundamental nature of this task, researchers frequently rely on costly commercial tools.

Management of Posterior Glottic Stenosis: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To review the current literature about surgical management and postoperative outcomes of posterior glottic stenosis (PGS).

Data Sources: PubMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.

Methods: Three investigators conducted a comprehensive review of the literature related to the epidemiology, etiologies, and management of adult patients with PGS through the PRISMA statements.

The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

Deep multi-omics integration approach reveals new molecular features of uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive cancer representing approximately 25 % of all uterine malignancies. The molecular heterogeneity and pathogenesis of uLMS are not well understood, and translational studies aimed at discovering the vulnerabilities of this tumor type are of high priority. We conducted an innovative comprehensive multi-omics integration study from DNA to protein using freshly frozen tumors.

Fit for purpose? Evaluating benthic invertebrate DNA metabarcoding for ecological status class assessment in streams under the Water Framework Directive.

The ecological state of aquatic ecosystems is systematically monitored using various bioindicators in many countries worldwide. In the European Union, freshwater biomonitoring is the central component of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) and currently based on morpho-taxonomic methods. DNA metabarcoding is a novel approach to assess the ecological state fast and efficiently based on organismal DNA signatures and thereby support and upscale biomonitoring.

Vulcanization Accelerators and Silica Coupling Agents in Polyisoprene Melts.

The achievement of sufficient dispersion of vulcanization accelerators is critical to tailoring superior cross-linked elastomers. Modern recipes rely on multicomponent formulations with silica particles covered by coupling agents. We study the molecular properties of select accelerators in polyisoprene melts and their affinity for functionalized surfaces via extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.

Quantification of Different Types of Waste and Batteries Associated With the Widespread Usage of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems.

Background: People with diabetes benefit from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. A downside of these valuable aids for diabetes management is the generation of a tremendous amount of waste. This study aimed to quantify this CGM-related waste.

Hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy and risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in young people (aged 2-20 years) with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study.

Background: The effect of closed-loop insulin delivery on the risk of acute diabetes complications in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. We investigated whether the rates of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis are lower with hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy compared with sensor-augmented (open-loop) pump therapy in a large cohort of young people.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, we evaluated young people with type 1 diabetes from 250 diabetes centres in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg participating in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) initiative.

The unintended effects of a large minimum wage increase on health: Evidence from South Korea.

The 2018 minimum wage increase in South Korea was a major policy change that impacted employment and labour productivity, but its effects on health have not yet been explored. The minimum wage was increased by 16.4% in January 2018, marking the largest increase over two decades and a substantial increase by international standards.

A voice-based algorithm can predict type 2 diabetes status in USA adults: Findings from the Colive Voice study.

The pressing need to reduce undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally calls for innovative screening approaches. This study investigates the potential of using a voice-based algorithm to predict T2D status in adults, as the first step towards developing a non-invasive and scalable screening method. We analyzed pre-specified text recordings from 607 US participants from the Colive Voice study registered on ClinicalTrials.

Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Enhanced Occlusion Segmentation in PICU Patient Monitoring.

Remote patient monitoring has emerged as a prominent non-invasive method, using digital technologies and computer vision (CV) to replace traditional invasive monitoring. While neonatal and pediatric departments embrace this approach, Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) face the challenge of occlusions hindering accurate image analysis and interpretation. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach to effectively segment common occlusions encountered in remote monitoring applications within PICUs.

Patient perspectives on the use of digital medical devices and health data for AI-driven personalised medicine in Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects around 8.5 million people currently with numbers expected to rise to 12 million by 2040. PD is characterized by fluctuating motor and non-motor symptoms demanding accurate monitoring.

The role of psychology and communication skills in orthodontic practice: a systematic review.

Effective communication and psychological strategies are integral to orthodontic practice, influencing patient satisfaction, adherence, and overall treatment outcomes. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024560432), examined the role of these strategies in orthodontic care and their integration into educational curricula. A comprehensive search identified studies focusing on communication and psychological interventions in orthodontics.

Efficacy of typodont and simulation training in orthodontic education: a systematic review.

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of analogue and virtual typodont/simulation training in orthodontic education, focusing on its impact on clinical skills, motivation, and communication (PROSPERO ID# CRD42024560497). A comprehensive search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ERIC, and CINAHL identified 11 studies that examined various simulation-based learning approaches. The findings indicate that simulation-based training enhances short-term diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and practical skills in orthodontics, particularly in tasks such as bracket bonding and clinical reasoning.

Homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer: Global expert consensus on testing and a comparison of companion diagnostics.

Background: Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are a treatment option for patients with advanced high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (OC). Recent guidelines have clarified how homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may influence treatment decision-making in this setting. As a result, numerous companion diagnostic assays (CDx) have been developed to identify HRD.

Advancements in Immunity and Dementia Research: Highlights from the 2023 AAIC Advancements: Immunity Conference.

The immune system is a key player in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. While brain resident immune cell-mediated neuroinflammation and peripheral immune cell (eg, T cell) infiltration into the brain have been shown to significantly contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the nature and extent of immune responses in the brain in the context of AD and related dementias (ADRD) remain unclear. Furthermore, the roles of the peripheral immune system in driving ADRD pathology remain incompletely elucidated.