Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pairs with Complex Congenital Heart Disease.

Complex congenital heart disease (CHD) in each of dichorionic diamniotic (DiDi) twin pairs is extremely rare and has not been well characterized. Four DiDi twin pairs were included in this multi-institutional case series. The congenital cardiac abnormalities noted included tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with pulmonary atresia and collaterals (n = 1), ToF with absent pulmonary valve (n = 1), ToF (n = 2), discontinuous right pulmonary artery (RPA) (n = 1), tricuspid atresia (TA) with normally related great arteries and pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia (n = 2) and coarctation of aorta (CoA) with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and borderline left-sided structures (n = 1).

DDX58 Is Associated With Susceptibility to Severe Influenza Virus Infection in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Seasonal influenza virus infection causes a range of disease severity, including lower respiratory tract infection with respiratory failure. We evaluated the association of common variants in interferon (IFN) regulatory genes with susceptibility to critical influenza infection in children.

Methods: We performed targeted sequencing of 69 influenza-associated candidate genes in 348 children from 24 US centers admitted to the intensive care unit with influenza infection and lacking risk factors for severe influenza infection (PICFlu cohort, 59.

The Concise Assessment of Leader Management Tool: Evaluation of Healthcare Provider Leadership During Real-Life Pediatric Emergencies.

Introduction: Resuscitation events in pediatric critical and emergency care are high risk, and strong leadership is an important component of an effective response. The Concise Assessment of Leadership Management (CALM) tool, designed to assess the strength of leadership skills during pediatric crises, has shown promising validity and reliability in simulated settings. The objective of this study was to generate further validity and reliability evidence for the CALM by applying it to real-life emergency events.

A Decade Later-Progress and Next Steps for Pediatric Simulation Research.

A decade ago, at the time of formation of the International Network for Pediatric Simulation-based Innovation, Research, and Education, the group embarked on a consensus building exercise. The goal was to forecast the facilitators and barriers to growth and maturity of science in the field of pediatric simulation-based research. This exercise produced 6 domains critical to progress in the field: (1) prioritization, (2) research methodology and outcomes, (3) academic collaboration, (4) integration/implementation/sustainability, (5) technology, and (6) resources/support/advocacy.

Capacity Building for a New Multicenter Network Within the ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network.

Research capacity building is a critical component of professional development for pediatrician scientists, yet this process has been elusive in the literature. The ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) seeks to implement pediatric trials across medically underserved and rural populations. A key component of achieving this objective is building pediatric research capacity, including enhancement of infrastructure and faculty development.

Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Congenital Heart Disease Demonstrate Measurable Neurocognitive Deficits.

Background Neurocognitive impairment is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) as well as acquired cardiovascular disease. Data are limited on neurocognitive function in adults with CHD (ACHD). Methods and Results A total of 1020 individuals with mild-to-moderate ACHD and 497 987 individuals without ACHD from the volunteer-based UK Biobank study underwent neurocognitive tests for fluid intelligence, reaction time, numeric memory, symbol-digit substitution, and trail making at enrollment and follow-up.

ABO-Incompatible Heart Transplant in Infants: A UNOS Database Review.

Background: ABO-incompatible (ABOi) heart transplantation (HT) in infants has been used to reduce waiting list time and mortality with outcomes comparable to ABO compatible (ABOc). We sought to assess trends in ABOi listing and transplantation for infants within the United Network for Organ Sharing registry and to evaluate its influence on outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed infants listed for HT in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry (2007-2018).

Repair of a large primary subtemporal encephalocele in a 3-year-old child: case report.

Primary encephaloceles (PEs) present only rarely in the temporal region; in the rare instance that they project through the floor of the middle fossa they are secondary. In this case report the authors report on the management of a giant PE extending through the floor of the middle fossa.An 8-month-old boy presented to the authors' service with a large PE projecting into his neck through a missing left middle fossa floor; the lesion was causing significant meta-, dys-, and hypoplasia of the structures of the anterolateral neck on that side.