Emergent Carotid Stenting During Thrombectomy in Tandem Occlusions Secondary to Dissection: A STOP-CAD Secondary Study.

The optimal endovascular management of cervical carotid dissection causing tandem occlusion remains uncertain. We investigated the impact of emergent carotid stenting during endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with tandem occlusion secondary to cervical carotid artery dissection. This was a secondary analysis of patients treated with EVT for AIS due to occlusive carotid artery dissection and tandem occlusion included in the retrospective international Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection (STOP-CAD) study.

A family-based behavioral group obesity randomized control feasibility trial across a clinical trials network: a focus on contact hours.

Objective: This ancillary study's purpose is to describe the relationship between dose of treatment and body mass index (BMI) outcomes in a tele-behavioral health program delivered in the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network to children and their families living in rural communities.

Methods: Participants randomized to the intervention were able to receive 26 contact hours (15 hr of group sessions and 11 hr of individual sessions) of material focused on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral caregiver training delivered via interactive televideo. Dose of the intervention received by child/caregiver dyads (n = 52) from rural areas was measured as contact hours.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with a history of eating disorders.

Background: OCD symptoms are well documented in anorexia nervosa (AN) and to a lesser extent in bulimia nervosa (BN), yet remain virtually unstudied in binge-eating disorder (BED).

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 5927 participants with lifetime eating disorders (EDs) (i.e.

The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on PTSD and depression symptoms in trauma-exposed black adults: Pilot randomized controlled trial results.

Low-income, urban-dwelling Black adults are disproportionately affected by traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression and encounter inequities in treatment access. In addition to the benefits Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression, there is preliminary evidence of successful symptom reduction in PTSD via MBCT across two prior pilot studies in veterans. Studies examining the effects of MBCT among trauma-exposed Black adults remains limited, and examination of effects across specific PTSD clusters is almost nonexistent.

A Multisite, 6-Month, Open-Label Study of Maintenance Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescents with Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the durability of TMS-related improvement in adolescents is unclear. This 6-month study followed adolescents with TRD who had responded to TMS and provided TMS retreatment for adolescents with a partial relapse.

Examining the relationship between emotion regulation, sleep quality, and anxiety disorder diagnosis.

Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with sleep disturbance and have also been associated with deficits in emotion regulation, the ability to control and express emotions. However, the extent to which specific dimensions of sleep disturbance and emotion regulation are associated with anxiety diagnosis is not well-explored. This study examined dimensions of emotion regulation and sleep disturbance that may predict greater likelihood of anxiety diagnosis using novel machine learning techniques.

Momentary Associations Across Specific Affective States and Dysregulated Eating Experiences Among Children and Adolescents With Loss of Control Eating Symptoms.

Objective: Dysregulated eating is common among youth and is associated with trait-level negative affect and emotion regulation difficulties. Despite the transient nature of affect, momentary associations among affect and eating behavior are unclear, which limits development of more impactful treatment tools, such as "just-in-time" intervention approaches (JITAI). The current study (N = 62) drew from two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies involving children and adolescents who endorsed loss of control (LOC) eating symptoms during a two-week assessment period.

Smartphone pupillometry with machine learning differentiates ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke: A pilot study.

Objectives: Similarities between acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke make diagnosis and triage challenging. We studied a smartphone-based quantitative pupillometer for differentiation of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Stroke patients were recruited prior to surgical or interventional treatment.

Important Mechanisms in the Development of Anxiety in Children with ADHD: The Role of Associated Features of ADHD and Interpersonal Functioning.

Over a quarter of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder as well. The goals of this paper are (a) to examine what is currently known about co-occurring ADHD and anxiety in children, (b) propose and outline underlying factors relevant to the development of anxiety in children with ADHD, and (c) discuss future directions and clinical implications for the prevention and identification of anxiety development in children with ADHD. It is proposed that certain associated features of ADHD (i.

Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Promotes Weight Loss by Increasing Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Response to Grilo & Pittman (2024).

We provide commentary on the Grilo and Pittman (2024). Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesity article published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders. Grilo and Pittman show that weight loss in the Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment condition is mediated by an increase in rigid restraint, whereas binge eating is not mediated by rigid restraint.

Alopecia Areata Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use in a Case-Control Study of 4,785 Patients.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated association of alopecia areata (AA) with anxiety and depression. However, few case-control studies have evaluated AA association with posttraumatic stress disorder and lifestyle factors, including alcohol use. We aimed to assess associations of AA with psychiatric disorders and lifestyle factors using a national database.

Resilience and Well-Being Over the Course of an National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Gymnastics Season.

Context: Awareness regarding the importance of mental health in athletes has been increasing in recent years. Mental health has been investigated in relation to injury recovery and performance; however, less evidence has examined changes in mental health throughout a competitive season.

Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the psychological factors of resilience and well-being over a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I gymnastics season and examine changes over 4 time points: preseason, start of the competitive season, midseason, and postseason and (2) examine the relationships between these psychological measures at these 4 time points.

Computer-assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mobile Apps for Depression and Anxiety: Evidence-based Digital Tools for Clinical Practice.

Purpose Of Review: Provider shortages and other barriers to traditional mental health care have led to the development of technology-based services designed to enhance access and improve the efficiency and convenience of treatment. We reviewed research on computer-assisted cognitive behavior therapy (CCBT) and mobile mental health applications to assess the effectiveness of these methods of delivering or augmenting treatment, evaluating patient and provider uptake, and making recommendations on the clinical use of these tools in the treatment of depression and anxiety.

Results: Research on CCBT has found solid evidence for efficacy when the use of a therapeutic computer program is supported by a clinician or other helping professional.

Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Behavioral-Health Modality Change Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, there was a surge in demand for mental health services worldwide, presenting challenges for healthcare institutions as they navigated changes in policy and safety regulations. In the United States, this resulted in many behavioral health modality changes to remain in compliance with the Center for Disease Control guidelines. A growing body of literature has documented these, yet few explored barriers and facilitators affecting the adoption of these modality delivery changes.

Potential Harm in the Psychological Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals show disproportionately high rates of mental distress relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers resulting from minority stress, or unique identity-related stressors. The majority of research on minority stress and mental health in SGM individuals has focused on adults, a notable gap given that SGM youth face unique developmental factors that intersect with identity development and availability of support resources. SGM youth therefore represent a critical population for the mental health workforce to serve competently.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Effective Components of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

Although clinician-supported computer-assisted cognitive-behaviour therapy (CCBT) is well established as an effective treatment for depression and anxiety, less is known about the specific interventions used during coaching sessions that contribute to outcomes. The current study used artificial intelligence (AI) to identify specific components of clinician-supported CCBT and correlated those scores with therapy outcomes. Data from a randomized clinical trial comparing clinician-supported CCBT with treatment as usual in a primary care setting were utilized.

Metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD): Position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease.

In this position statement, we explore the intricate relationship between alcohol intake and metabolic dysfunction in the context of the 2023 nomenclature update for steatotic liver disease (SLD). Recent and lifetime alcohol use should be accurately assessed in all patients with SLD to facilitate classification of alcohol use in grams of alcohol per week. Alcohol biomarkers (i.

Visual release hallucinations presenting as psychosis - a scoping review.

Objective: Visual release hallucinations are perceptual disturbances that occur in individuals who have experienced vision loss. Almost 50 million people worldwide are believed to experience visual release hallucinations, yet they are profoundly underdiagnosed. Although first described within the Charles Bonnet syndrome, the paradigm underlying this syndrome precludes their consideration in many populations, such as those with underlying psychiatric illness or dementia.

Cost-Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Adults in Primary Care.

Importance: Approximately 1 in 5 adults are diagnosed with depression in their lifetime. However, less than half receive help from a health professional, with the treatment gap being worse for individuals with socioeconomic disadvantage. Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) is an effective and convenient strategy to treat depression; however, its cost-effectiveness in a sociodemographically diverse population remains unknown.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, and addiction: the vicious relationship.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are prevalent psychiatric conditions, each affecting a substantial portion of the global population. When these conditions coexist with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), the complexity of the clinical presentation is heightened. Herein, we describe two cases of individuals who have comorbid OCD and/or MDD and substance use disorder that highlight the importance of addressing the coexisting psychiatric illness when treating the SUD.

The relationship between preoperative sleep disturbance and acute postoperative pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Poor preoperative sleep quality and impaired sleep continuity may heighten acute postoperative pain intensity and increase analgesic consumption, with negative implications for recovery, mental and physical health. The main objective of the current review was to investigate the relationship between preoperative sleep disturbance and acute postoperative pain control. Four electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2023.