Comparative lipidomic and metabolomic profiling of mdx and severe mdx-apolipoprotein e-null mice.

Despite its notoriously mild phenotype, the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse is the most common model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). By mimicking a human DMD-associated metabolic comorbidity, hyperlipidemia, in mdx mice by inactivating the apolipoprotein E gene (mdx-ApoE) we previously reported severe myofiber damage exacerbation via histology with large fibro-fatty infiltrates and phenotype humanization with ambulation dysfunction when fed a cholesterol- and triglyceride-rich Western diet (mdx-ApoE). Herein, we performed comparative lipidomic and metabolomic analyses of muscle, liver and serum samples from mdx and mdx-ApoE mice using solution and high-resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) H-NMR spectroscopy.

Time-calibrated phylogeny of neotropical freshwater fishes.

Neotropical Freshwater Fish (NFF) fauna exhibits the greatest phenotypic disparity and species richness among all continental aquatic vertebrate faunas, with more than 6,345 species distributed across the mostly tropical regions of Central and South America. The last two decades have seen a proliferation of molecular phylogenies, often at the species level, covering almost all 875 valid NFF genera. This study presents the most comprehensive genome-wide, time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of NFF species to date, based on DNA sequences generated over decades through the collaborative efforts of the multinational ichthyological research community.

Cannabidiol Suppresses Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression and Recurrence through Modulating Tryptophan Catabolism.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer (PC). Tryptophan oxidative catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) cleaves the indole ring to kynurenine (Kyn), an endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which activates multiple tumorigenesis pathways. The IDO1-Kyn-AhR axis is aberrantly dysregulated in mCRPC.

Examining Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Social Determinants Among Nursing Students Following Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation: A Descriptive Study.

This quantitative descriptive study explored the impact of virtual reality (VR) simulation on nursing students' understanding of social determinants of health (SDOH). The study assessed students' knowledge and attitudes toward SDOH after participating in VR simulations that mimicked diverse home environments and client scenarios. The intervention was intended to prepare future nurses for practice in diverse community settings and deepen their understanding of community challenges, particularly those impacted by socioeconomic disparities.

The Professional Identity of STEM Faculty as Instructors of Course-based Research Experiences.

The professional identity of scientists has historically been cultivated to value research over teaching, which can undermine initiatives that aim to reform science education. Course-Based Research Experiences (CRE) and the inclusive Research and Education Communities (iREC) are two successful and impactful reform efforts that integrate research and teaching. The aim of this study is to explicate the professional identity of instructors who implement a CRE within an established iREC and to explore how this identity contributes to the success of these programs.

Environmental Stress and Resource Availability Affect the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in a Dominant Marsh Plant (Spartina alterniflora).

Changes in genetic variation, and particularly documented declines in genetic diversity, influence not only evolutionary potential but also current ecological function. Given this context, it is essential to understand what abiotic and biotic factors promote or disrupt the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. To address this knowledge gap in the context of salt marsh plants, we established a three-year field experiment, testing the independent and interactive effects of nutrient availability and physical stress on the maintenance of plant (Spartina alterniflora) genotypic diversity.

The Frontiers of Smart Healthcare Systems.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize numerous aspects of human life, with healthcare among the most critical fields set to benefit from this transformation. Medicine remains one of the most challenging, expensive, and impactful sectors, with challenges such as information retrieval, data organization, diagnostic accuracy, and cost reduction. AI is uniquely suited to address these challenges, ultimately improving the quality of life and reducing healthcare costs for patients worldwide.

Modulation of antigen delivery and lymph node activation in nonhuman primates by saponin adjuvant saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle.

Saponin-based vaccine adjuvants are potent in preclinical animal models and humans, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, using a stabilized HIV envelope trimer immunogen, we carried out studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) comparing the most common clinical adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (alum) with saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticles (SMNP), an immune-stimulating complex-like adjuvant. SMNP elicited substantially stronger humoral immune responses than alum, including 7-fold higher peak antigen-specific germinal center B-cell responses, 18-fold higher autologous neutralizing antibody titers, and higher levels of antigen-specific plasma and memory B cells.

Electronic Spectroscopy of the Halogenated Criegee Intermediate, ClCHOO: Experiment and Theory.

A chlorine-substituted Criegee intermediate, ClCHOO, is photolytically generated using a diiodo precursor, detected by VUV photoionization at 118 nm, and spectroscopically characterized via ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis)-induced depletion of / = 80 under jet cooled conditions. UV-vis excitation resonant with a π* ← π transition yields a significant ground state depletion, indicating a strong electronic transition and rapid photodissociation. The broad absorption spectrum peaks at 350 nm and is attributed to contributions from both (∼70%) and (∼30%) conformers of ClCHOO based on spectral simulations using a nuclear ensemble method.

Unfolded protein response modulates the effects of GHRH antagonists in experimental models of and lung injury.

The development of efficient targeted therapies to ameliorate endothelial disorders is of the utmost need, as evident by the devastating outcomes of the recent pandemic. Recent findings suggest that unfolded protein response (UPR) modulates barrier function. In the current study, we reveal that the aforementioned highly conservative mechanism is involved in the protective effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists (GHRHAnt) in lung injury, both and .

Insight into pharmacy students' perspectives on mandatory COVID-19 vaccines in schools and healthcare settings.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an extreme global impact, transforming our daily lives, educational systems, and healthcare systems. Healthcare workers' views on mandatory vaccination and experience with vaccines may play a pivotal role in vaccination rates and public health policy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to uncover the perspectives of pharmacy students, at Xavier University of Louisiana, concerning COVID-19 vaccination mandates in educational institutions and healthcare environments, specifically the ethical, legal, and logistical dimensions.

Expanded distribution and a new genus for rock-inhabiting sea pens (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Pennatuloidea).

Sea pens (Superfamily Pennatuloidea) are a specialized group of octocorals that evolved to live embedded in a soft-sedimented seafloor using their peduncles as anchors. Rock-inhabiting sea pens ("rock pens") were first described in 2011; their peduncle is modified into a suction cup-like structure that allows them to attach onto the surface of hard substrates, an adaptation previously unknown in sea pens. There are currently four species that have been identified as rock pens based on their peduncular morphology: three of these are in the genus Anthoptilum (Anthoptilidae), and one in the genus Calibelemnon (Scleroptilidae).

A new species of Cymonomus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, from the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Crustacea: Brachyura: Cymonomidae).

A new western Atlantic member of the cymonomid crab genus, Cymonomus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, is described from the continental slope in the northern Gulf of Mexico. While the only two available specimens are poorly preserved and lack appendages, they are clearly distinct from other known members of the genus on the basis of the subangular anterolateral margin of the carapace paired with nearly straight, untapered eyestalks that terminate in a slightly bulbous, well-defined cornea, and antennal peduncles that reach beyond the second article of the antennular peduncle.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Chloral Hydrate Oral Liquid Dosage Forms in PCCA Base, SuspendIt®.

Chloral hydrate is a hypnotic, sedative and anxiolytic (non-benzodiazepine) drug that is commonly administered to children prior to procedures such as dental sedation. It is also indicated for nocturnal sedation in all types of patients and especially for the ill, the young, and the elderly patients. A review of the therapeutic uses of chloral hydrate reveals the need for flexibility in dosing, especially in children.

Nonlinear photonics on integrated platforms.

Nonlinear photonics has unveiled new avenues for applications in metrology, spectroscopy, and optical communications. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrated platforms, attributed to their fundamental benefits, including compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes, reduced power consumption, compactness, and cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the key nonlinear effects and material properties utilized in integrated platforms.

Ceapin-A7 suppresses the protective effects of Octreotide in human and bovine lung endothelial cells.

Endothelial injury can be the cause and consequence of severe inflammation and injury. Synthetic somatostatin analogs-which suppress Growth Hormone-are clinically-approved drugs associated with anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we suggest that the protective activities of Octreotide in human and bovine endothelial cells are mitigated by Ceapin-A7, which is an activating transcription factor 6 inhibitor.

Dominant species stabilize pollination services through response diversity, but not cross-scale redundancy.

Substantial evidence suggests that biodiversity can stabilize ecosystem function, but how it does this is less clear. In very general terms, the hypothesis is that biodiversity stabilizes function because having more species increases the role of compensatory dynamics, which occur when species in a community show different responses to the environment. Here, we focus on two forms of compensatory dynamics, cross-scale redundancy (CSR) and response diversity (RD).

Sex-dimorphic glucose transporter-2 regulation of cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) C-alpha pathway activity and phosphorylation in rat hypothalamic primary astrocyte cultures.

Brain astrocyte glycogenolysis is regulated in part by the second messenger adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Hypothalamic astrocyte glycogen metabolism shapes glucose counterregulation, under the control of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), a plasma membrane glucose carrier and sensor. Hypothalamic astrocyte cAMP is subject to neurotransmitter control, but effects of nutrient cues on this messenger are unclear.