Gap affordance judgments in bumblebees: Same as humans?

When flying through narrow gaps, bumblebees of different body sizes fly either straightforward or sideways, depending on the relation between their wingspan and the width of the gap (Ravi et al., 2020). They thus behave like humans when walking through narrow passages, which raises the question of the mechanisms underlying their own-body perception.

Between-Individual Differences in Baseline Well-Being and Emotion Regulation Strategy Use Moderate the Effect of a Self-Help Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Typical Adults.

Background: Self-help interventions intended to help nonclinical individuals regulate their emotions can have important social benefits (i.e. mental disorder prevention, well-being promotion).

Congenital blindness limits allocentric to egocentric switching ability.

Many everyday spatial activities require the cooperation or switching between egocentric (subject-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) spatial representations. The literature on blind people has reported that the lack of vision (congenital blindness) may limit the capacity to represent allocentric spatial information. However, research has mainly focused on the selective involvement of egocentric or allocentric representations, not the switching between them.

Multi-layered water resources, management, and uses under the impacts of global changes in a southern coastal metropolis: When will it be already too late? Crossed analysis in Recife, NE Brazil.

Coastal water resources are a worldwide key socio-environmental issue considering the increasing concentration of population in these areas. Here, we propose an integrative transdisciplinary approach of water resource, water management and water access in Recife (NE Brazil). The present-day water situation is conceptualized as an imbricated multi-layered system: a multi-layered water resource, managed by a multi-layered governance system and used by a multi-layered social population.

Risk of Tinnitus After Medial Temporal Lobe Surgery.

This study compares the prevalence of tinnitus among patients who underwent medial temporal lobe resection, matched controls, and individuals with self-reported epilepsy to determine whether medial temporal lobe removal is associated with tinnitus.

Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: The reasons for failure of surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) remain unclear. This retrospective study analyzed seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes, searching for factors associated with seizure relapse or cognitive and psychiatric deterioration after MTLE-HS surgery.

Methods: Seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes were reviewed after 389 surgeries performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15-67 years at a tertiary center.

Cross-linguistic adaptations of The Comprehensive Aphasia Test: Challenges and solutions.

Comparative research on aphasia and aphasia rehabilitation is challenged by the lack of comparable assessment tools across different languages. In English, a large array of tools is available, while in most other languages, the selection is more limited. Importantly, assessment tools are often simple translations and do not take into consideration specific linguistic and psycholinguistic parameters of the target languages.

Arithmetic Abilities in Children With Developmental Dyslexia: Performance on French ZAREKI-R Test.

A high comorbidity between reading and arithmetic disabilities has already been reported. The present study aims at identifying more precisely patterns of arithmetic performance in children with developmental dyslexia, defined with severe and specific criteria. By means of a standardized test of achievement in mathematics ( Calculation and Number Processing Assessment Battery for Children; von Aster & Dellatolas, 2006), we analyzed the arithmetic abilities of 47 French children with dyslexia attending 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade.

Couples' experiences with early-onset dementia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of dyadic dynamics.

Objective: The growing interest in early-onset dementia has attracted attention to the situation and experiences of the caregiver, most often the spouse. Several qualitative studies on caregiving spouses have underlined the importance of the feeling of loss, the change of role reported by the caregiving spouses, and the strategies used to protect the person with dementia, all of which raise the question of the relational dynamics at play in these dyads. The present study on 16 couples examines the experiences of each partner, as well as the kinds of interactions taking place within the dyad and how they have evolved since the disease began.

Context memory in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of memory. Specifically, context aspects of memory are impaired in AD. Our review sheds light on the neurocognitive mechanisms of this memory component that forms the core of episodic memory function.

Bimanual coordination with three hands: is the mirror hand of any help?

The mirror paradigm has been used extensively both as a research tool for studying kinesthesia in healthy individuals and as a therapeutic tool for improving recovery and/or alleviating symptoms in patients. The present study of healthy participants assessed the contribution of the mirror paradigm to motor control in a bimanual coordination task performed under sensorimotor disturbance conditions. In Experiment 1, the participants were required to produce symmetrical circles with both hands/arms at the same time.

Prospective and retrospective time perception are related to mental time travel: evidence from Alzheimer's disease.

Unlike prospective time perception paradigms, in which participants are aware that they have to estimate forthcoming time, little is known about retrospective time perception in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our paper addresses this shortcoming by comparing prospective and retrospective time estimation in younger adults, older adults, and AD patients. In four prospective tasks (lasting 30s, 60s, 90s, or 120s) participants were asked to read a series of numbers and to provide a verbal estimation of the reading time.

Visual information constrains early and late stages of spoken-word recognition in sentence context.

Audiovisual speech perception has been frequently studied considering phoneme, syllable and word processing levels. Here, we examined the constraints that visual speech information might exert during the recognition of words embedded in a natural sentence context. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to words that could be either strongly or weakly predictable on the basis of the prior semantic sentential context and, whose initial phoneme varied in the degree of visual saliency from lip movements.

The speakers' accent shapes the listeners' phonological predictions during speech perception.

This study investigates the specificity of predictive coding in spoken word comprehension using event-related potentials (ERPs). We measured word-evoked ERPs in Catalan speakers listening to semantically constraining sentences produced in their native regional accent (experiment 1) or in a non-native accent (experiment 2). Semantically anomalous words produced long-lasting negative shift (N400) starting as early as 250 ms, thus reflecting phonological as well as semantic mismatch.

Choices between segmented and unsegmented schedules and the self-control paradigm.

A concurrent-chains procedure was used to examine choice between a segmented (two- or three-terminal-link segments schedules) and an unsegmented schedule (simple schedule) in terminal links with equal interreinforcement intervals. In most such experiments, preference for the unsegmented schedule has been found, but in a recent study with humans (Alessandri et al., 2010) a reversal in preference was found when, in the segmented schedule, the terminal link segmenting stimulus was presented briefly and closer to food delivery such that the early terminal link stimulus was temporally closer to the food delivery.

Motives for secondary social sharing of emotions.

This study provides new evidence of motives of secondary social sharing of emotions. In a retrospective study, 140 female (Mage = 29.4 yr.

Relative judgments affect assessments of stimulus duration.

Humans were trained on two independent temporal discriminations, with correct choice dependent on the initial stimulus duration. In Experiment 1, the durations were 1.0 and 4.

Reducing rightward bias of subjective straight ahead in neglect patients by changes in body orientation.

Background: The subjective straight ahead (SSA), a measure of the representation of body orientation, has been shown to be shifted to the lesion side in neglect patients, and to be influenced by stimulation of sensory systems involved in postural control.

Method: This study investigates the influence of changing body orientation in the sagittal plane on the SSA in 21 patients with a right hemispheric lesion, of whom 12 had neglect, in comparison with six healthy control subjects. In order to quantify both horizontal components of SSA error (ie, yaw rotation and lateral shift), the study used a method requiring the alignment of a luminous rod with SSA.

Latent timing in human conditioned avoidance.

Four experiments explored signal timing in human conditioned avoidance. Participants received discrimination training with different duration signals that announced the outcome (S+) or not (S-). Temporal discrimination and superposition of performance to S+ signals of different length (3, 6, or 9 s) was found both in within-subjects (Experiment 1a) and between-subjects (Experiment 1b) designs.

Loss of memory for auditory-spatial associations following unilateral medial temporal-lobe damage.

The goal of the present experiment was to determine the role of medial temporal-lobe structures in episodic memory of auditory-spatial associations. By using a two-alternative forced choice paradigm in which an association between eight different sounds and their spatial location must be recognized, learning abilities over 10 learning sessions were tested in 19 patients who had undergone a right or a left medial temporal-lobe resection for the relief of intractable seizures as well as in nine normal control participants. The data demonstrated that significant learning took place over the successive sessions for all the participants.

Auditory discrimination of anisochrony: influence of the tempo and musical backgrounds of listeners.

This study explored the influence of several factors, physical and human, on anisochrony's thresholds measured with an adaptive two alternative forced choice paradigm. The effect of the number and duration of sounds on anisochrony discrimination was tested in the first experiment as well as potential interactions between each of these factors and tempo. In the second experiment, the tempo or the inter onset interval (IOI) was varied systematically between 80 and 1000 ms.

Emotional information processing in first and recurrent major depressive episodes.

Depressive states are classically associated to increased sensitivity to negative events. However this hypersensitivity may not be stable in time, being absent in remission periods or further reinforced with recurrent depressive episodes, or may concern positive stimuli instead, e.g.

Effect of unilateral temporal lobe resection on short-term memory for auditory object and sound location.

To investigate auditory spatial and nonspatial short-term memory, a sound location discrimination task and an auditory object discrimination task were used in patients with medial temporal lobe resection. The results showed a double dissociation between the side of the medial temporal lobe lesion and the nature of the auditory discrimination deficits, suggesting that right and left temporal lobe structures are differently involved in auditory spatial and nonspatial short-term memory.

Neuropsychological studies of musical timbre.

Musical timbre is a multidimensional property of sound that allows one to distinguish musical instruments. In this paper, studies that explore the cerebral substrate underlying the processing of musical timbre are discussed. Perceptual asymmetries measured in normal participants, deficits of musical timbre perception obtained in brain-damaged patients, as well as results obtained with various neuroimaging methods are reviewed.