CRISPR-Cpf1 system and its applications in animal genome editing.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated protein (Cas) system is a gene editing technology guided by RNA endonuclease. The CRISPR-Cas12a (also known as CRISPR-Cpf1) system is extensively utilized in genome editing research due to its accuracy and high efficiency. In this paper, we primarily focus on the application of CRISPR-Cpf1 technology in the construction of disease models and gene therapy.

Harnessing Dual Phototherapy and Immune Activation for Cancer Treatment: The Development and Application of BODIPY@F127 Nanoparticles.

Conventional phototherapeutic agents are typically used in either photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT). However, efficacy is often hindered by hypoxia and elevated levels of heat shock proteins in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these limitations, a formylated, near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing and heavy-atom-free Aza-BODIPY dye is presented that exhibits both type-I and type-II PDT actions with a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and manifests efficient photothermal conversion by precise adjustments to the conjugate structure and electron distribution, leading to a large amount of ROS production even under severe hypoxia.

Assembly of Homochiral Magneto-Optical Dy Triangular Clusters by Fixing Carbon Dioxide in the Air.

A new hydrazone Schiff base bridging ligand (HL ()-'-((1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide) and /-proline were used to construct a pair of homochiral Dy cluster complexes, [Dy(CO)(-Pro)(L)(HL)]·5DMA·2HO (-, -HPro = -proline; DMA = ,-dimethylacetamide) and [Dy(CO)(-Pro)(L)(HL)]·5DMA·2HO (-, -HPro = -proline), which show a novel triangular Dy topology. Notably, the fixation of CO in the air formed a carbonato central bridge, playing a key role in assembling -/-. Magnetic measurements revealed that -/- displays intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling and magnetic relaxation behaviours.

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Polysaccharide-Iron Complex of .

An innovative iron supplement crucial for treating iron-deficiency anemia was developed in this study. Polysaccharide was extracted from leaves using a microwave-assisted hot water method, and subsequently, the polysaccharide-iron complex was synthesized through co-thermal synthesis with FeCl. The physicochemical properties, structure, and thermal stability of the complex were analyzed using FE-SEM, SEC-MALLS, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC techniques.

mRCat: A Novel CatBoost Predictor for the Binary Classification of mRNA Subcellular Localization by Fusing Large Language Model Representation and Sequence Features.

The subcellular localization of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is a pivotal aspect of biomolecules, tightly linked to gene regulation and protein synthesis, and offers innovative insights into disease diagnosis and drug development in the field of biomedicine. Several computational methods have been proposed to predict the subcellular localization of mRNAs within cells. However, there remains a deficiency in the accuracy of these predictions.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of NiMn Layered Double Hydroxides/Graphene Oxide Composites Synthesized by One-Step Hydrothermal Method for Supercapacitors.

This study aims to enhance the performance of supercapacitors, focusing particularly on optimizing electrode materials. While pure NiMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, they have limitations in achieving high specific capacitance. Therefore, this paper successfully synthesized composite materials of NiMn LDHs with varying loadings of graphene oxide (GO) using a hydrothermal method.

Correction: Coating effect of renatured triple-helix lentinan on the morphology and antimicrobial activity of ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal method.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA01590H.].

Molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of hydroquinone using 0D CdS nanoparticle/3D flower-like ZnInS microsphere nanocomposite.

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was developed for the ultra-sensitive and highly selective detection of hydroquinone (HQ), featuring a composite structure that combines 0D CdS nanoparticles with a 3D flower-like ZnInS microsphere. The sensor, termed rMIP/CdS/ZnInS, employed molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to achieve specific recognition of HQ. An p-phenylenediamine (pPD) polymer film was electrochemically polymerized onto the surface of the CdS/ZnInS composite-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE).

Medical image segmentation based on simulated annealing and opposition-based learning island algorithm.

With the development of society and changes in the human living environment, people are increasingly attaching importance to their own health. Regarding medical imaging examinations of certain parts of the body, the process of medical image segmentation has become extremely important. This paper presents a novel hybrid algorithm: SAOBL-IA, a fusion of the Simulated Annealing(SA), Opposition-based Learning(OBL)and Island Algorithm(IA).

Oxygen Vacancy Enabled Electronic Structure Engineering of Pt-WO Nanosheets toward Highly Efficient BTEX Sensing.

A Pt nanoparticle-immobilized WO material is a promising candidate for catalytic reactions, and the surface and electronic structure can strongly affect the performance. However, the effect of the intrinsic oxygen vacancy of WO on the d-band structure of Pt and the synergistic effect of Pt and the WO matrix on reaction performance are still ambiguous, which greatly hinders the design of advanced materials. Herein, Pt-decorated WO nanosheets with different electronic metal-support interactions are successfully prepared by finely tuning the oxygen vacancy structure of WO nanosheets.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of N-Type PbSe Through Semi-Coherent Nanostructure by AgCuTe Alloying.

N-type PbSe thermoelectric materials encounter challenges in improving the power factor due to the single-band structure near the Fermi level, which obstructs typical band convergence. The primary strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) for n-type PbSe involves reducing lattice thermal conductivity (κ) by introducing various defect structures. However, lattice mismatches resulting from internal defects within the matrix can diminish carrier mobility, thereby affecting electrical transport properties.

Construction of an n-Type Fluorinated ZnO Interfacial Phase for a Stable Anode of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have become an ideal solution for the next generation of energy storage systems due to their low cost and high safety. However, the uncontrollable zinc dendrites and harmful side reactions of metal zinc anodes hinder the further development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. In this work, the artificial fluoride zinc oxide (F-ZnO) interface phase is integrated in situ on the surface of zinc foil.

Electrochemically driven physical properties of solid-state materials: action mechanisms and control schemes.

The various physical properties recently induced by solid-state electrochemical reactions must be comprehensively understood, and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated. Reversible changes in conductivity, magnetism, and colour have been achieved by combining the redox reactions of d metal ions and organic materials, as well as the molecular and crystal structures of solids. This review describes the electrochemically driven physical properties of conductors, magnetic materials, and electrochromic materials using various electrochemical devices.

Pressure-Induced Irreversible Metallization Accompanying Phase Transition of Chalcopyrite Cu(InGa)Se.

Chalcopyrite copper-indium-gallium diselenides (CIGS) have emerged as promising materials with remarkable electronic properties and potential applicability to high-efficiency solar cells. The crystal and electronic structures of CIGS can be continuously tuned from their initial states under pressure. Although pressure-induced band gap closure in CIGS has been predicted in extensive theoretical studies, it has not been supported by experimental evidence.

CO/H Separation by Synergistic Enhanced Hydrate Method with SDS and R134a.

The synergistic effect of thermodynamic promoter tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and kinetic promoter sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can significantly improve the phase equilibrium conditions required for CO hydrate formation and promote rapid generation of CO hydrate. Based on this, this study investigates the influence of SDS and R134a synergy on the separation of CO/H mixed gas using the hydrate method. The research reveals that without SDS addition, R134a hydrate forms first at the gas-liquid interface before CO hydrate induction, hindering gas-liquid exchange.

Quantifying the impact of factors on soil available arsenic using machine learning.

Arsenic (As) can accumulate in edible plant parts and thus pose a serious threat to human health. Identifying the contributions of various factors to soil available As is crucial for evaluating environmental risks. However, research quantitatively assessing the importance of soil properties on available As is scarce.

Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Transformation Reaction of Benzaldehyde with -QDM as Key Intermediate: A DFT Study.

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-bound -quinodimethane, served as a nucleophile, has occupied an important position for constructing various all-carbon or heterocyclic compounds and attracted increasing attention for the functionalization of benzylic carbon of aromatic aldehydes, whereas the mechanistic studies on the generation and transformations of dienolate intermediate are rare. In the present study, the mechanism of activation/transformation of aldehyde catalyzed by NHC was theoretically studied using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on the calculations, the nucleophilic addition process is the stereoselectivity-determining step with -configured product being generated preferentially.

Effect of ultrasound-pretreated starch on the formation, structure and digestibility of starch ternary complexes from lauric acid and β-lactoglobulin.

Starch, lipids, and proteins are key macronutrients in starchy foods. Their interactions during processing can form starch-lipid-protein ternary complexes, significantly affecting food quality. Ultrasonic treatment, as a common processing method, is expected to regulate the quality of starchy foods by influencing the formation of ternary complexes.

Post-Quantum Secure Identity-Based Signature Scheme with Lattice Assumption for Internet of Things Networks.

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an essential role in people's daily lives, such as healthcare, home, traffic, industry, and so on. With the increase in IoT devices, there emerge many security issues of data loss, privacy leakage, and information temper in IoT network applications. Even with the development of quantum computing, most current information systems are weak to quantum attacks with traditional cryptographic algorithms.

Preparation and Properties of Multi-Responsive Liquid Crystalline Poly(urethane-acrylate)s and Its Composite Membranes.

In this work, a kind of side chain liquid crystalline poly(urethane-acrylate)s was synthesized by free polymerization based on self-made liquid crystalline monomers, and a series of liquid crystalline polyurethane/shape memory polyurethane composite membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The synthesized liquid crystalline poly(urethane-acrylate)s have excellent thermal stability. Due to the regular arrangement of azobenzene on the side chains, polymers can rapidly undergo a photoinduced transition from trans-isomerism to cis-isomerism in THF solution and restore reversible configurational changes under visible light.

Effect of Oat Beta-Glucan on Physicochemical Properties and Digestibility of Fava Bean Starch.

The current research examined the impact of different concentrations of oat beta-glucan (OG) on the in vitro digestibility of fava bean starch (FS). Our pasting analysis demonstrated that OG effectively decreased the viscosity and regrowth of FS, suppressing its in situ regrowth while enhancing the in vitro pasting temperature. Moreover, OG markedly diminished amylose leaching and minimized the particle size of the pasted starch.

Properties of Myofibrillar Protein in Frozen Pork Improved through pH-Shifting Treatments: The Impact of Magnetic Field.

The present study demonstrates the effects of pH-shifting treatments and magnetic field-assisted pH-shifting treatments on the properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) in frozen meat. The solubility results indicate that the pH-shifting treatments increased the solubility of MP from 16.8% to a maximum of 21.

Preparation and properties of cationic starch-carrageenan‑sodium alginate hydrogels with pH and temperature sensitivity.

In this study, cationic starch-carrageenan‑sodium alginate (CAS/CR/SA) hydrogels with different weight ratios of carrageenan and sodium alginate were prepared and their properties such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and methylene blue adsorption test were measured. The results showed that the viscosity and the shear strain resistance of the CAS/CR/SA hybrid hydrogels positively correlated with their sodium alginate contents. The hybrid hydrogels with high carrageenan contents exhibited a high energy storage modulus (G') and a high loss modulus (G").

Microstructure and digestive behaviors of inner, middle, and outer layers of pork during heating.

To investigate the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and digestive behaviors of pork, meat samples were subjected to a 100 °C water bath for 26 min. The inner, medium, and outer layers were assigned and analyzed according to the temperature gradient. Compared to the raw samples, significant changes were observed in the microscopic structure of pork.

Preservation strategies for processed grass carp products: Analyzing quality and microbial dynamics during chilled and ice temperature storage.

This study investigated the impact of ice temperature storage on quality and bacterial composition of processed fish paste products (PFP). Freezing curve revealed the ice temperature was -1 °C. Electric nose (e-nose) showed significant changes in volatile components within 8 days.