Model based care in the ICU: A review of potential combined cardio-pulmonary models.

Positive end-expiratory pressure results in a sustained positive intrathoracic pressure, which exerts pressure on intrathoracic vessels, resulting in cardiopulmonary interactions. This sustained positive intrathoracic pressure is known to decrease cardiac preload, and thus, decrease venous return, ultimately reducing both the stroke volume and stressed blood volume of the cardiovascular system. Currently, cardiovascular and pulmonary care are provided independently of one another.

Estimating glomerular filtration in young people.

Background: Creatinine-based equations are the most used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), the re-expressed Lund-Malmö Revised (r-LMR) and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations are the most validated. The EKFC and r-LMR equations have been suggested to have better performances in young adults, but this is debated.

FGFR1-mediated enhancement of foot-and-mouth disease virus entry.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of picornavirus, can enter into host cell via macropinocytosis. Although it is known that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a crucial role in FMDV macropinocytic entry, the specific RTK responsible for regulating this process and the intricacies of RTK-mediated downstream signaling remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted a screening of RTK inhibitors to assess their efficacy against FMDV.

Impact of antenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants on intellectual development.

Objective: Strong experimental evidence exists that several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have neurobehavioral toxicity. However, evidence of associations between prenatal exposure and child's cognitive development is inconsistent. Moreover, toxicants are generally analyzed one by one without considering aggregate effects.

Extending the cystatin C based EKFC-equation to children - validation results from Europe.

Background: A new cystatin C based European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation was recently developed for adults, using the same mathematical form as the previously published full age spectrum creatinine based EKFC-equation (EKFC). In the present study the cystatin C based EKFC-equation is extended to children, by defining the appropriate cystatin C rescaling factor Q.

Methods: Rescaling factor Q for cystatin C was defined as: a) 0.

Exposure to endocrine disrupters and cardiometabolic health effects in preschool children: Urinary parabens are associated with wider retinal venular vessels.

Background And Aim: Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in personal care products. Studies investigating obesogenic or cardiovascular effects of parabens show discordant results, while data on preschool children are lacking. Paraben exposure during early childhood could have profound cardiometabolic effects later in life.

Modelling patient specific cardiopulmonary interactions.

Mechanical ventilation is well known for having detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, particularly when using high positive end-expiratory pressure. High positive end-expiratory pressure levels cause a decrease in stroke volume, which, under normal conditions, usually bring about a decrease in stressed blood volume. Stressed blood volume, defined as the total pressure generating volume of the cardiovascular system, has been shown to be a potential index of fluid responsiveness, making it a potentially important diagnostic tool.

Physiological trend analysis of a novel cardio-pulmonary model during a preload reduction manoeuvre.

Background And Objective: Mechanical ventilation causes adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the exact nature of the effects on haemodynamic parameters is not fully understood. A recently developed cardio-vascular system model which incorporates cardio-pulmonary interactions is compared to the original 3-chamber cardiovascular model to investigate the exact effects of mechanical ventilation on haemodynamic parameters and to assess the trade-off of model complexity and model reliability between the 2 models.

Bio-mineralization of virus-like particles by metal-organic framework nanoparticles enhances the thermostability and immune responses of the vaccines.

Virus-like particle (VLPs) vaccines have been extensively studied due to their good immunogenicity and safety; however, they highly rely on cold-chain storage and transportation. Nanotechnology of bio-mineralization as a useful strategy has been employed to improve the thermal stability and immunogenicity of VLPs. A zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8), a core-shell structured nanocomposite, was applied to encapsulate foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VLPs.

Flower-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an antigen delivery platform to promote systemic immune response.

Virus-like particles (VLPs), a kind of superior subunit vaccine, are assembled from the viral structural proteins with similar capsids to viruses. However, the efficiency of cell uptake is not satisfactory. We prepared flower-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) with large pore channels and interior cavities to solve the problem.

51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance in children: One, two, or multiple samples?

Plasma disappearance curves using multiple blood samples are a recognized reference method for measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, there is no consensus on the protocol for this type of measurement. A two-compartment model is generally considered acceptable for the mathematical description of the concentration-time decay curve.

Tumor Microenvironment Modifications Recorded With IVIM Perfusion Analysis and DCE-MRI After Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy: A Preclinical Study.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NeoRT) improves tumor local control and facilitates tumor resection in many cancers. Some clinical studies demonstrated that both timing of surgery and RT schedule influence tumor dissemination, and subsequently patient overall survival. Previously, we developed a pre-clinical model demonstrating the impact of NeoRT schedule and timing of surgery on metastatic spreading.

Flexible spandrels of the global plant virome: Proteomic-wide evolutionary patterns of structural intrinsic protein disorder elucidate modulation at the functional virus-host interplay.

Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs) make up a large part of viral proteomes, but their real prevalence across the global plant virome is still murky, partly because of their massive diversity. Here, we propose an evolutionary quantitative proteomic approach to foray into genomic signatures that are preserved in the amino acid sequences of orthologous IDRs. Markedly, we found that relatively abundant IDP varies substantially in viral species among and within plant virus families, including according to genome size, partition or replication strategies.

The diuretic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors: A comprehensive review of their specificities and their role in renal protection.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are new oral glucose-lowering agents that provide cardiovascular and renal protection in both patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Because of their unique mechanism of action, increased glucosuria is associated with osmotic diuresis and some natriuresis, yet the latter seems mostly transient. The potential role of the diuretic effect in overall cardiovascular and renal protection by SGLT2is remains a matter of debate.

Lead Drives Complex Dynamics of a Conjugative Plasmid in a Bacterial Community.

Plasmids carrying metal resistance genes (MRGs) have been suggested to be key ecological players in the adaptation of metal-impacted microbial communities, making them promising drivers of bio-remediation processes. However, the impact of metals on plasmid-mediated spread of MRGs through selection, plasmid loss, and transfer is far from being fully understood. In the present study, we used two-member bacterial communities to test the impact of lead on the dispersal of the IncP plasmid pKJK5 from a KT2440 plasmid donor and two distinct recipients, B4 or SPH-1 after 4 and 10 days of mating.

Iohexol plasma clearance for measuring glomerular filtration rate: effect of different ways to calculate the area under the curve.

Background: Measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using iohexol plasma clearance has been proposed as the preferred way for GFR determination. The extended multiple-sample protocol is based on fitting the full concentration-time decay-curve, and from the obtained fit-parameters, the area under the curve (AUC) and GFR (the injected dose divided by the AUC) were calculated. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the impact of different fitting procedures on the precision of GFR-results obtained from the full concentration-time curve, and compare these results with those obtained with simplified multiple-samples and single-sample protocols.

Living kidney donor evaluation for all candidates with normal estimated GFR for age.

Multiple days assessments are frequent for the evaluation of candidates to living kidney donation, combined with an early GFR estimation (eGFR). Living kidney donation is questionable when eGFR is <90 ml/min/1.73 m (KDIGO guidelines) or 80 ml/min/1.

Sexually dimorphic roles for the type 2 diabetes-associated C2cd4b gene in murine glucose homeostasis.

Aims/hypothesis: Variants close to the VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B locus are associated with altered risk of type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. While previous functional work has suggested roles for VPS13C and C2CD4A in disease development, none has explored the role of C2CD4B.

Methods: CRISPR/Cas9-induced global C2cd4b-knockout mice and zebrafish larvae with c2cd4a deletion were used to study the role of this gene in glucose homeostasis.

Development and Validation of a Modified Full Age Spectrum Creatinine-Based Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate : A Cross-sectional Analysis of Pooled Data.

Background: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study (CKiD) equation for children and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for adults are recommended serum creatinine (SCr)-based calculations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, these equations, as well as their combination, have limitations, notably the problem of implausible changes in GFR during the transition from adolescence to adulthood and overestimation of GFR in young adults. The full age spectrum (FAS) equation addresses these issues but overestimates GFR when SCr levels are low.