ESR Essentials: imaging of common paediatric pulmonary diseases-practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.

Chest imaging in children presents unique challenges due to varying requirements across age groups. For chest radiographs, achieving optimal images often involves careful positioning and immobilisation techniques. Antero-posterior projections are easier to obtain in younger children, while lateral decubitus radiographs are sometimes used when expiratory images are difficult to obtain and for free air exclusion.

Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity.

Turnover in species composition through time is a dominant form of biodiversity change, which has profound effects on the functioning of ecological communities. Turnover rates differ markedly among communities, but the drivers of this variation across taxa and realms remain unknown. Here we analyse 42,225 time series of species composition from marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages, and show that temporal rates of turnover were consistently faster in locations that experienced faster temperature change, including both warming and cooling.

Optimising medium chain carboxylate production in xylan mixed-culture monofermentation.

This work investigates the optimization of medium-chain carboxylate (MCC) production through xylan mixed-culture monofermentation. The pH screening in batch assays showed that the hydrolysis stage and selectivity towards MCC precursors were optimised at pH 6. Subsequently, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) were operated at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT), revealing that the SBR at HRT 2 days yielded the highest caproic acid since lactic acid availability and chain elongation process were balanced.

Machine learning web application for predicting varicose veins utilizing global prevalence data.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a web-based machine learning (ML) model to predict the lifetime likelihood of developing varicose veins using global disease prevalence data.

Methods: We utilized data from a systematic review, registered under PROSPERO (CRD42021279513), which included 81 studies on varicose vein prevalence across various geographic regions. The data used to build the ML model included disease prevalence as the outcome (%), along with the following predictors: mean age, gender distribution (%), mean body mass index (BMI) of the study cohort, and the mean gravity field of the study region (mGal), representing variations in Earth's underground mass distribution that influence blood and fluid redistribution in the human body, affecting disease prevalence.

Inadequate Therapy Response on Advanced Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis Adult Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of German Health Claims Data.

Background: The treatment landscape for active ulcerative colitis is rapidly evolving and current real-world evidence on response to advanced therapy is limited. This study aimed to determine indicators of inadequate therapeutic response among patients with ulcerative colitis in Germany initiating advanced therapy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis used German claims data (2015-2022) from adult patients (≥ 18 years).

Spatial distribution of fine-grained floodplain deposits and anthropogenic materials based on official borehole data in the floodplain of Leipzig, Germany.

This data set includes the spatial model of the thickness and distribution of fine-grained floodplain deposits in the Leipzig floodplain area. The data set originates from borehole records provided by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology [1]. The data processing involved the categorization of the stratigraphic descriptions of the borehole logs.

Case report: Dirofilarial infection of the face.

An 18-year-old male patient from Ukraine, living in Germany for 2 years, presented with a painless subcutaneous swelling on the left cheek that had been present for several months. Finally, the diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by was confirmed by 12S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing from tissue by nematode-specific PCRs followed by sequencing after surgical resection of the lesion. Microfilaremia was ruled out and no further treatment was required.

Short-term survivors with brain metastases have modest benefits from focal and systemic therapies and remain frequent despite improving treatment landscape.

Purpose: Therapeutic options for patients with brain metastases (BM) increase. While these lead to considerable survival effects in subgroups, there is limited knowledge about characteristics, prognosticators and treatment effects in patients with BM and short survival.

Methods: Patients with a survival time of ≤ 6 months (short-term survivors, STS), diagnosed with BM between 2009-2021 at a large tertiary cancer center were analysed.

The promise of community-driven preprints in ecology and evolution.

Publishing preprints is quickly becoming commonplace in ecology and evolutionary biology. Preprints can facilitate the rapid sharing of scientific knowledge establishing precedence and enabling feedback from the research community before peer review. Yet, significant barriers to preprint use exist, including language barriers, a lack of understanding about the benefits of preprints and a lack of diversity in the types of research outputs accepted (e.

Social learning preserves both useful and useless theories by canalizing learners' exploration.

In many domains, learning from others is crucial for leveraging cumulative cultural knowledge, which encapsulates the efforts of successive generations of innovators. However, anecdotal and experimental evidence suggests that reliance on social information can reduce the exploration of the problem space. Here, we experimentally investigate the extent to which cultural transmission fosters the persistence of arbitrary solutions in a context where participants are incentivized to improve a physical system across multiple trials.

Clinical Presentation and Course of Pulmonary Involvement in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.

Objective: Pulmonary involvement in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is rare. Limited awareness results in diagnostic challenges, especially because malignancy or infection needs to be considered.

Methods: Based on a survey shared among centers participating in the Kerndokumentation Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum (Germany), this study investigated clinical and imaging presentations, demographic features, treatment response and outcomes of pulmonary involvement in CNO (pCNO).

Renal denervation in the setting of heart failure.

Renal Denervation (RDN) has emerged over the last decade as a third pillar in the treatment of arterial hypertension, alongside pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. Mechanistically, it reduces central sympathetic overactivation, a process also relevant to heart failure. In this mini-review, we summarize the development of RDN for heart failure, discuss the current evidence supporting its effects, and provide an outlook on future developments.

The architecture of the human default mode network explored through cytoarchitecture, wiring and signal flow.

The default mode network (DMN) is implicated in many aspects of complex thought and behavior. Here, we leverage postmortem histology and in vivo neuroimaging to characterize the anatomy of the DMN to better understand its role in information processing and cortical communication. Our results show that the DMN is cytoarchitecturally heterogenous, containing cytoarchitectural types that are variably specialized for unimodal, heteromodal and memory-related processing.

Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of (00l)-Oriented Elemental Bismuth.

This study presents the first successful demonstration of growing elemental bismuth (Bi) thin films via thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) using Bi(NMe2)3 as the precursor and Sb(SiMe3)3 as the co-reactant. The films were deposited at a relatively low temperature of 100 °C, with a growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.31-0.

VAE-Surv: A novel approach for genetic-based clustering and prognosis prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Background And Objectives: Several computational pipelines for biomedical data have been proposed to stratify patients and to predict their prognosis through survival analysis. However, these analyses are usually performed independently, without integrating the information derived from each of them. Clustering of survival data is an underexplored problem, and current approaches are limited for biomedical applications, whose data are usually heterogeneous and multimodal, with poor scalability for high-dimensionality.

The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Fourth report: Focus on standardized outcome ratios.

Objectives: This fourth report aimed to provide insights into patient characteristics, outcomes, and standardized outcome ratios of patients implanted with durable Mechanical Circulatory Support across participating centers in the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) registry.

Methods: All registered patients receiving durable mechanical circulatory support up to August 2024 were included. Expected number of events were predicted using penalized logistic regression.

GorillaFACS: The Facial Action Coding System for the Gorilla spp.

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is an objective observation tool for measuring human facial behaviour. It avoids subjective attributions of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). FACS has been adapted to 11 other taxa, including most apes, macaques and domestic animals, but not yet gorillas.

Elucidating interfacial failure of cervical restorations using damage mechanics: A finite element analysis.

Background/purpose: Although clinical studies have suggested a link between non-axial forces and reduced longevity of cervical restorations, the underlying mechanisms require further numerical investigation. This in-silico study employed a cohesive zone model (CZM) to investigate interfacial damage in a cervical restoration subjected to different load directions.

Materials And Methods: A plane strain model of a maxillary premolar was established, with a wedge-shaped buccal cervical restoration.

Assessing the cortical microstructure in contralesional sensorimotor areas after stroke.

Cortical thickness analyses have provided valuable insights into changes in cortical brain structure after stroke and their association with recovery. Across studies though, relationships between cortical structure and function show inconsistent results. Recent developments in diffusion-weighted imaging of the cortex have paved the way to uncover hidden aspects of stroke-related alterations in cortical microstructure, going beyond cortical thickness as a surrogate for cortical macrostructure.

Pilot of a joint bed-side teaching course for medical and pharmacy university students.

: Interprofessional education of medical and pharmacy students may improve competence-based university teaching. : We developed a joint bed-side teaching to improve patient-related competencies in identifying drug-related problems in hospitalized patients at a university cardiology department. Students were randomly allocated in mixed teams of medical and pharmacy students (1:3).

Impact of adherence to quality indicators and effects of targeted treatment with cefazolin or flucloxacillin on in-hospital mortality in patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bloodstream infections: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: To analyze the associations between adherence to quality indicators (QIs) in the treatment of bloodstream infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MSSA) and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients admitted between 2019 and 2023 to Hospital St.

Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Cognitive training is a promising intervention for psychological distress; however, its effectiveness has yielded inconsistent outcomes across studies. This research is a pre-registered individual-level meta-analysis to identify factors contributing to cognitive training efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms. Machine learning methods, alongside traditional statistical approaches, were employed to analyze 22 datasets with 1544 participants who underwent working memory training, attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, or inhibitory control training.

Impact of Second Internal Thoracic Artery on Long-term Survival After Coronary Bypass Surgery.

Background: The survival advantages of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the time-dependent influence of BITA on long-term survival in elective CABG patients presenting with stable multi-vessel coronary artery disease.

Methods: Data from 3,693 patients undergoing isolated CABG with single internal thoracic artery (SITA) or BITA, with or without additional vein grafts, between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

Constraining safe and unsafe overshoots in saddle-node bifurcations.

We consider a dynamical system undergoing a saddle-node bifurcation with an explicitly time-dependent parameter p(t). The combined dynamics can be considered a dynamical system where p is a slowly evolving parameter. Here, we investigate settings where the parameter features an overshoot.