Oral health inequalities in immigrant populations worldwide: a scoping review of dental caries and periodontal disease prevalence.

Background: Inequalities in immigrants' oral health are often masked in population-level data. Therefore, this paper was planned to assess the prevalence data on oral health diseases, namely dental caries, and periodontitis, among immigrants worldwide.

Methods: Following a systematic search in Scopus, Embase, and PubMed for studies published between 2011 and 2023, 1342 records were identified.

European Organisation for Caries Research and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry Consensus Report on Clinical Recommendations for Caries Diagnosis: Paper III - Caries Diagnosis at the Individual Level.

Objectives: The aim of the present consensus paper was to provide recommendations for clinical practice on the individual etiological and modifying factors to be assessed in the individual diagnosis of caries, and the methods for their assessment, supporting personalized treatment decisions.

Material And Methods: The executive councils of the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) nominated ten experts each to join the expert panel. The steering committee formed three work groups which were asked to provide recommendations on (1) caries detection and diagnostic methods, (2) caries activity assessment, and (3) forming individualized caries diagnoses.

Organization for Caries Research-European Federation of Conservative Dentistry Consensus Report on Clinical Recommendations for Caries Diagnosis Paper II: Caries Lesion Activity and Progression Assessment.

Introduction: This consensus paper provides recommendations for oral health professionals on why and how to assess caries activity and progression with special respect to the site of a lesion.

Methods: An expert panel was nominated by the executive councils of the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD). The steering committee built three working groups that were asked to provide recommendations on (1) caries detection and diagnostic methods, (2) caries activity and progression assessment, and (3) obtain individualized caries diagnoses.

Development and validation of an International Patient's Attitudes to Prevention in Oral Health Questionnaire.

Objectives: To develop a patient's attitude questionnaire regarding prevention in oral health for use internationally.

Methods: Using a mixed methods approach, a questionnaire was developed and refined as part of ADVOCATE (Added Value for Oral Care) study, involving partners in six countries: Netherlands, Hungary, Denmark, Ireland, Germany, and the UK. A literature review explored the history of oral healthcare delivery systems to develop a template for each of the six ADVOCATE countries.

Salivary fluoride concentration following toothbrushing with and without rinsing: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Caries prevalence has declined significantly since the introduction of fluoridated toothpaste. There have been several developments regarding specific active fluoride ingredients but not enough evidence to support one over the other. The purpose of this double-blind randomized controlled trial was to compare salivary fluoride concentrations of different fluoride formulations in the form of toothpaste with and without post-brushing water rinsing in adults.

Childhood caries and hospital admissions in England: a reflection on preventive strategies.

Dental caries is a largely preventable disease, yet the extraction of carious teeth is the most common reason for the hospital admission of children in England. This raises concern over the perceived failure of current preventive strategies. Despite a number of national and local preventive strategies, childhood caries remains most prevalent among the lower socioeconomic groups and ethnic minorities, especially in northern England.

The impact of wrong-site surgery on dental undergraduate teaching: a survey of UK dental schools.

Introduction: Patient safety within dental education is paramount. Wrong-site surgery (WSS) tooth extraction is not uncommon and is a significant never event (NE) in dentistry. This study aimed to explore dental schools' undergraduate experience of NEs, safety interventions implemented and the impact on student experience.

Pyrophosphates in toothpaste: a retrospective and reappraisal.

During the last 50 years, an increasing number of toothpastes have been marketed that include pyrophosphates as anti-tartar (calculus) agents. Pyrophosphates are chelating agents with low toxicity and a broad range of applications, such as food additives and in industrial applications. Like other chelating agents, the prime function is to combine with metal elements and, in toothpastes, to inhibit calcium phosphate deposits in the form of dental calculus.

Dental trauma experience and oral-health-related quality of life among university students.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-reported dental trauma on oral-heath-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults and determine whether personality characteristics influenced how it was reported.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample of 435 university students. A questionnaire sought data on previous dental trauma.

Children and parents' perspectives on the acceptability of three management strategies for dental caries in primary teeth within the 'Filling Children's Teeth: Indicated or Not' (FiCTION) randomised controlled trial - a qualitative study.

Background: The Filling Children's Teeth: Indicated Or Not? (FiCTION) randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to explore the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of managing dental caries in children's primary teeth. The trial compared three management strategies: conventional caries management with best practice prevention (C + P), biological management with best practice prevention (B + P) and best practice prevention alone (PA)-based approaches. Recently, the concept of treatment acceptability has gained attention and attempts have been made to provide a conceptual definition, however this has mainly focused on adults.

Might one simple question indicate a child's caries risk and guide preventive advice?

That the extraction of carious teeth is the most common reason for hospital admission of under 18-year-olds in England suggests that a reappraisal of preventive advice in primary dental care for this age-group is now urgently needed. Dental professionals working under time constraints in areas of social deprivation and high caries prevalence need a simple approach to determining caries risk and simple, acceptable preventive messages to convey to patients. The advice not to give sugar-sweetened food or drink in the hour before bedtime and especially not to put infants to bed with a feeding bottle, other than one containing just water, coupled with supervised twice daily toothbrushing with a fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000 ppm of fluoride might be a pragmatic way of reducing the burden of caries and the need for hospital admission for a largely preventable disease.

Identifying the barriers and facilitators for homeless people to achieve good oral health.

Objective: A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators for people experiencing homelessness achieving good oral health.

Participants: Adults using two homeless centres in Leeds.

Methods: Focus group discussions were convened with homeless people using support services.

Child Health Care in Ireland.

The Irish health care system is based on a complex and costly mix of private, statutory, and voluntary provisions. The majority of health care expenditure comes from the state, with a significant proportion of acute hospital care funded from private insurance, but there are relatively high out-of-pocket costs for most service users. There is free access to acute hospital care, but not for primary care, for all children.

Using High Fluoride Concentration Products in Public Policy: A Rapid Review of Current Guidelines for High Fluoride Concentration Products.

Despite improvements in dental caries levels since the widespread introduction of fluoride toothpastes, it is still a disease which is considered to be a priority in many countries around the world. Individuals at higher risk of caries can be targeted with products with a high fluoride concentration to help reduce the amount and severity of the disease. This paper compares guidance from around the world on the use of products with a high fluoride concentration and gives examples of how guidance has been translated into activity in primary care dental practice.

The dental health of children subject to a child protection plan.

Background: In the United Kingdom, child maltreatment is an area of increased awareness and concern.

Aim: To compare the dental health of children subject to child protection plans with controls.

Design: Children had to be aged between two and 11 years, medically healthy, and subject either to a child protection plan or attending the paediatric outpatient orthopaedic or general surgery clinics (control group).

Insulin-like growth factor - oestradiol crosstalk and mammary gland tumourigenesis.

Development and differentiation of the mammary gland are dependent on the appropriate temporal expression of both systemically acting hormones and locally produced growth factors. A large body of evidence suggests that molecular crosstalk between these hormonal and growth factor axes is crucial for appropriate cell and tissue function. Two of the most important trophic factors involved in this process are the oestrogen (E) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) molecular axes.

A comparison of four in vitro marginal leakage tests applied to root surface restorations.

Marginal leakage associated with a variety of restorative materials, placed in root surface cavities of extracted teeth, was assessed by immersing the teeth in either acidified gelatin, eosin dye, silver nitrate or a solution of radiocalcium. The allocation of a score, dependent on the depth of tracer penetration at the interface, allowed comparisons to be made between the leakage tests employed. The rank order of the four leakage tests was generally consistent.

Differences in in vitro growth of epithelium from inflammatory and developmental odontogenic cysts.

Ninety-three odontogenic cysts, 42 of inflammatory and 51 of developmental origin, were grown in vitro from explants and/or cell suspensions. There was little difference in the success rate of culturing epithelium from explants of dentigerous cysts (N = 28) or odontogenic keratocysts (N = 23) (approximately 75% and 87%, respectively) and the dentigerous cyst grew particularly well from suspensions (N = 11) (91%) compared with the keratocyst (N = 19) (58%). Epithelium from developmental odontogenic cysts grew much better in vitro than did cysts of inflammatory origin (56 to 58% from explants and 19 to 25% from suspension).

Estimation of fluoride absorption from swallowed fluoride toothpastes.

Eight adults ingested five different toothpastes with and without 1,000 ppm (1 microgram/g) fluoride added as NaF or Na2PO3F. The systemic fluoride absorption was estimated by by comparing the areas under salivary fluoride concentration curves produced after the toothpaste ingestion. Of the toothpastes investigated--chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, silica or alumina with sodium monofluorophosphate, and silica with sodium fluoride--the fluoride absorption was found to be statistically significantly lower only from the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate toothpaste.

Radiographic localization of unerupted teeth in the anterior part of the maxilla: a survey of methods currently employed.

The radiographic prescribing habits of consultants in orthodontics and oral surgery are described with specific reference to assessment of unerupted maxillary canine teeth. Orthodontists use more radiographs than oral surgeons under these circumstances. The relative radiation for commonly used combinations of radiographs has been summarized and recommendations made regarding the use of certain of these.